§ 25.

Уравнения

Решить уравнение (1 – 119):

1. x3 + 27 = 0. 2. 8x3 –1 = 0. 3. x3 –1 = 0.
4. x3 + 8 = 0. 5. x4 + 1 = 0. 6. x4 – 1 = 0.
7. x2 – 5x + 4 = 0. 8. x2 – 3x + 2 = 0. 9. x2 – 2x – 3 = 0. 10. 3x2 + 2x – 5 = 0. 11. x2 –
2
x + 3 = 0. 12. x + 6x – 1 = 0.
13. 3x2 – 4x = 0. 14. 1 – 4x – 5x2 = 0. 15. (x – 5)2 = 400.
16. (x + 0,5)2 = 2,25. 17. (x + 2)2 = 4. 18. (x – 0,8)2 = 0,04.
19. x2 – 5x = 0. 20. 5x2 = –8x. 21. 2x4 – 7x2 + 6 = 0.
22. 3x4 + 2x2 – 8 = 0. 23. x6 – 3x3 + 2 = 0. 24. 2x4 – 5x2 + 2 = 0.
25. x6 – 9x3 + 8 = 0. 26. x4 + x3 – 5x – 5 = 0.
27. (x –1)(x2 + 4x + 3) = 0. 28. x3 – 3x2 + 4x – 12 = 0.
29. 2x3 – 3x2 + 3x – 2 = 0. 30. x4 – 16 – 5x(x2 – 4) = 0.
31. x4 – 2x3 – 3 = 0. 32. (2x +3)(x2 – x – 1) = 0.
33. x3 – x2 + x – 1 = 0. 34. x3 + 2x2 – x – 2 = 0.
35. x3 – 9x2 + 27x – 27 = 0. 36. x3 + x2 + x – 3 = 0.
37. 6x3 + 7x2 – 1 = 0. 38. x3 – 7x + 6 = 0.
39. x3 + x2 + x + 1 = 0. 40. x3 – x2 – 8x + 12 = 0.
41. x3 + 5x2 + 7x + 3 = 0. 42. x4 + 2x3 – 16x2 – 2x +15=0.
43. x4 – 4x3 – 27x2 + 44x – 14 = 0.
44. x4 – 7x3 + 5x2 + 4x +12=0.
11x − 6
43. 27x3 + 9x2 – 48x + 20 = 0. 46. x 4 = .
6 x − 11
47. x4 – x3 – 7x2 + x + 6 = 0. 48. x4 + x3 – 3x2 – 5x – 2 = 0.
49. x4 + 7x3 + 11x2 + 7x + 10 = 0.
50. 15x5 + 34x4 + 15x3 – 15x2 – 34x – 15 = 0.
133 x − 78
51. x 5 = . 52. (x + 3)4 + (x + 5)4 = 16.
133 − 78 x
53. (2x – 3)4 + (2x – 5)4 = 12. 54. (x – 3)4 + (x – 5)4 = 82.
55. (x – 1)4 + (x + 1)4 = 16.
56. (x + 1)2(x + 2) + (x – 1)2(x – 2) = 12.
57. (x2 + 2x)2 – (x + 1)2 = 55. 58. 28x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 1 = 0.
59. (x2 + 2x)2 – 7(x2 + 2x) + 6 = 0. 60. (x + 1)2 + (x2 + 2x) = 7.
61. (x2 – 5x + 7)2 – (x2 – 5x + 7) – 2 = 0.
62. (x2 – 16x)2 – 2(x2 – 16x) = 63.
63. x2 + 2x +7 = (x2 + 2x + 4)(x2 +2x + 3).
1 2 6
64. + = .
x 2 − 2x + 2 x 2 − 2x + 3 x 2 − 2x + 4
1 3 10
65. + 2 = 2 .
2x − x +1 2x − x + 3 2x − x + 7
2

21
66. (x2 + x + 1)(x2 + x + 2)=12. 67. – x2 + 4x = 6.
x − 4 x + 10
2

x 2 + 2x + 7
68. = 4 +2x + x2. 69. (x2 – 5x + 7)2 – (x – 2)(x – 3) = 1.
x + 2x + 3
2

70. (x – 1)x(x + 1)(x + 2) = 3. 71. (x – 2)(x + 1)(x + 4)(x + 7) = 19.

72. x(x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3) = 0,5625. 73. (x – 4)(x – 5)(x – 6)(x – 7) = 1680.
74. (6x + 5)2(3x + 2)(x + 1) = 35. 75. (8x + 7)2(4x + 3)(x + 1) = 4,5.

 x   x +1 x +1 x 3 + x −1
2 2
17
76.   +  = . 77. + = 2.
 x +1  x  4 x 3 + x −1 x +1

1 3
78. x3 + 1 + = 2,5. 79. = 3 − x − x3 .
x +1
3
x + x +1
3

8 x 2 +1 x
80. x 3 − x 2 − = 2. 81. + 2 = −2,5 .
x3 − x2 x x +1
82. (x2 + 4x + 8)2 + 3x(x2 +4x + 8) + 2x2 = 0.
83. (x2 – x + 1)4 – 6x2(x2 – x + 1)2 + 5x4 = 0.
84. 2(x – 1)2 – 5(x – 1)(x – 2) + 2(x –2)2 = 0.

85. (x – 1)x(x + 1) + x(x + 1)(x + 2) = 3x2 +x + 18x x – 16.

86. 2(x2 + x + 1)2 – 7(x – 1)2 = 13(x3 – 1).

 1  1 
87. 7 x +  − 2 x 2 + 2  = 9 .
 x  x 

88. (x3 + x-3) + (x2 + x-2) + (x + x-1) = 6.

1 1 1 1 1
89. x 2 + x + + = 4. 90. x 2 + +  x −  = 5.
x x2 x 2
2 x

91. x4 + x3 – 10x2 + x + 1 = 0. 92. x4 + 5x3 + 2x2 + 5x + 1 = 0.

93. 2x4 + 3x3 – 4x2 – 3x + 2 = 0. 94. 2x4 + x3 – 11x2 + x + 2 = 0.
95. x4 – 7x3 + 14x2 – 7x + 1 = 0. 96. x4 – x3 – 10x2 + 2x + 4 = 0.

x 2 48  x 4 1  1
97. + 2 = 10 −  . 98. x 3 + = 6 x +  .
3 x  x
3
3 x x

4  2
99. 4x4 + 6x3 – 12x2 – 9x + 9 = 0. 100. x 2 + − 8 x −  − 4 = 0 .
 x
2
x

101. 15x5 + 34x4 + 15x3 – 15x2 – 34x – 15 = 0.

x 2 − 6x − 9 x 2 − 4x − 9
102. = 2 .
x x − 6x − 9

x 2 − 10 x + 15 3x
103. = 2 .
x − 6 x + 15 x − 8 x + 15
2

81x 2 25 x 2
104. x +2
= 40 . 105. x +2
= 11 .
( x + 9) 2 ( x + 5) 2
2
4x 2  x 
106. x 2 + = 12 . 107. x 2 +   =8.
( x − 2) 2  x −1

108.(x2 – 16)(x – 3)2 + 9x2 = 0. 109.(x2 – 6x – 9)2 = x3 – 4x2 – 9x.

110. (x3 – 2x) – (x2 + 2) – 2x = 0. 111. (x2 – 1)2 – 6x2 +4x + 2 = 0.

2 x 2 + x + 4 3x 2 + x + 3 ( x + 2) 4 + ( x − 2) 4 2
112. = . 113. = .
x2 + 3 2x 2 + 2 ( x + 2) 4 − ( x − 2) 4 x

x + 4 x − 4 x +8 x −8 8
114. + − − =− .
x −1 x +1 x − 2 x + 2 3
5 4 21 5 4 21
115. + + = + + .
x −1 x + 2 x − 3 x +1 x − 2 x + 3
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
116. + + + = + + + .
x x + 2 x + 5 x + 7 x +1 x + 3 x + 6 x + 4

x2 + 4x + 4 2x + 6 x2 + x + 1 2x + 9
117. − = − .
x+ 4 x+ 2 x +1 x+3
4x 5x 3 1 1 10
118. + 2 = − . 119. 2 + = .
x + x + 3 x − 5x + 3
2
2 x ( x + 2) 2
9

1
Ответы: 1. –3. 2. . 3. 1. 4. –2. 5. ∅. 6. –1; 1.
2
5
7. 1; 4. 8. 1; 2. 9. –1; 3. 10. − ; 1. 11. ∅. 12. − 3 ± 10 .
3
 4 1 8
13. 0; . 14. –1; . 15.–15; 25. 16. –2; 1. 17. –4; 0. 18. 0,6; 1. 19. 0; 5. 20. − ; 0. 21.
3 5 5
3 2 3 2
± ; ± 2 . 22. ± . 23. 1; 3
2 . 24. ± ; ± 2 . 25. 1; 2. 26. –1; 3
5 . 27.–3; –1; 1.
2 3 2
28. 3.

3 1± 5
29. 1. 30. ±2; 1; 4. 31. –1; 1+ 3 2 . 32. − ; . 33. 1.
2 2
1 1
34. ±1; –2. 35. 3. 36. 1. 37. –1; − ; . 38. –3; 1; 2. 39. –1. 40. –3; 2. 41. –3; –1. 42.–
2 3
5; –1; 1; 3. 43. 1; 7; − 2 ± 6 .

2 5 1
44. 2; 6. 45. ; − . 46. –1; ; 2. 47. ±1; –2; 3. 48. –1; 2.
3 3 2
5 3 2 3 1
49. –5; –2. 50. 1; − ; − . 51. ±1; ; . 52. –5; –3. 53. 2 ± 14 − 3 . 54. 2; 6. 55.
3 5 3 2 2
1 5± 5
±1. 56. 1. 57. –4; 2. 58. − . 59. − 1 ± 2 ; − 1 ± 7 . 60. –3; 1. 61. .
4 2
1
62. 8 ± 57 ; 8 ± 73 . 63. –1. 64. 1. 65. 1; − . 66. –2; 1.
2

− 1± 13
67. 1; 3. 68. –1. 69. 2; 3. 70. .
2

− 5 ± 85 − 5 ± 5 3 − 3 ± 10
71. ; . 72. − ; . 73. –1; 12.
2 2 2 2

− 5 ± 21 5 1 2 1
74. . 75. − ; − . 76. –2; − ; − ; 1. 77. 3
2.
6 4 2 3 3
3
78. − 4 ; 1. 79. 1; 0. 80. –1; 2. 81. –1. 82. –4; –2.
2

5 +1± 2 + 2 5 . 84. 0; 3. 85. 1; 4. 86. 2; 4; –1; 1 . 87. 2; 1 . 88. 1. 89. 1;

83. 1; −
2 2 2
−3± 5 1
. 90. 2; − ; − 1± 2 .
2 2

3± 5 − 5 ± 21 1 1 −3± 5 3± 5
91. − 2 ± 3; . 92. . 93. ±1; –2; . 94. ; 2; . 95. 2 ± 3; .
2 2 2 2 2 2
3 ± 17
96. ; −1 ± 3 .
2
 3± 5 −3± 5 3 − 3 ± 33
97. –2; 6; 3 ± 21 . 98. ; . 99. ± ; . 100. ± 2 ; 4 ± 18 .
2 2 2 4
5 3 5 ± 61
101. − ; − ; 1. 102. –1; 9; .
3 5 2

1± 21
103. 7 ± 34 . 104. 1± 19 . 105. .
2

106. − 1 − 5 ; − 1 + 5 . 107. 2; − 1 ± 3 . 108. − 1± 7 .

5 ± 61
109. 9; –1; . 110. –1; 1± 3 . 111. –3; 1; 1± 2 .
2
1 7
112. –1; 1. 113. –2; 2. 114. ±4; ± . 115. ± 2 ; ± 3 . 116. − .
2 2

−5± 3 − 5 ± 13
117. 0; . 118. . 119. –3; 1.
2 2

Пример решения.

Пример 1. Решить уравнение x 4 + x 3 − 7 x 2 − x + 6 = 0 .

Решение. Проверим, имеет ли это уравнение рациональные корни. Они могут быть
только целыми и находятся среди делителей свободного члена −1; 1; − 2; 2; − 3; 3; − 6; 6 .
Если x = −1 , то имеем 1 − 1 − 7 + 1 + 6 = 0 , т.е. −1 − корень уравнения; если x = 1 , то
1 + 1 − 7 − 1 + 6 = 0 , т.е. 1 тоже корень уравнения. Проверкой убеждаемся, что 2 и −3 также
являются корнями уравнения.
Ответ: −3; − 1; 1; 2 .