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Homework 1 (2)

The document outlines various homework questions related to energy transfer, heat transfer mechanisms, and calculations involving thermal properties of materials. It includes specific problems such as determining energy transfer for an aluminum ball, heat absorption in a house, and heat flow from a heated aluminum cylinder. Additionally, it covers concepts of one-dimensional heat conduction, steady-state conditions, and the effects of thermal conductivity and emissivity.

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h.behnankarakas
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35 views3 pages

Homework 1 (2)

The document outlines various homework questions related to energy transfer, heat transfer mechanisms, and calculations involving thermal properties of materials. It includes specific problems such as determining energy transfer for an aluminum ball, heat absorption in a house, and heat flow from a heated aluminum cylinder. Additionally, it covers concepts of one-dimensional heat conduction, steady-state conditions, and the effects of thermal conductivity and emissivity.

Uploaded by

h.behnankarakas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HOMEWORK I

1. What are the mechanisms of energy transfer to a closed system? How is heat transfer
distinguished from the other forms of energy transfer?

2. What are the mechanisms of heat transfer? How are they distinguished from each other? Draw
a simple figure for each mechanism and explain the questions.

3. A 12 cm diameter aluminum ball is to be heated from 50°C to an average temperature of


194° C. Taking the average density and specific heat of aluminum in this temperature range
to be ρ= 2700 kg/m3 and Cp= 0.89 kJ/kg.°C, respectively, determine the amount of
energy that needs to be transferred to the aluminum ball.

4. Consider a house with a floor space of 160 m2 and an average height of 3 m at sea level,
where the standard atmospheric pressure is 101.3 kPa. Initially the house is at a uniform
temperature of 12°C. Now the electric heater is turned on, and the heater runs until the air
temperature in the house rises to an average value of 21°C. Determine how much heat is
absorbed by the air assuming some air escapes through the cracks as the heated air in the
house expands at constant pressure. Also, determine the cost of this heat if the unit cost of
electricity in that area is$0.075/kWh.

5. A hair dryer is basically a duct in which a few layers of electric resistors are placed. A small
fan pulls the air in and forces it to flow over the resistors where it is heated. Air enters a 1000
W hair dryer at 100 kPa and 23°C, and leaves at 44°C. The cross-sectional area of the hair
dryer at the exit is 54 cm2. Neglecting the power consumed by the fan and the heat losses
through the walls of the hair dryer, determine (a) the volume flow rate of air at the inlet and
(b) the velocity of the air at the exit.

T2 = 44oC P1 = 100 kPa


A2 = 54 cm2 T1 = 23oC

𝑊̇ = 1000 W
6. The inner and outer surfaces of a 3 m x 6 . 4 m brick wall
of thickness 30 cm and thermal conductivity 0.64 W/m·°C
are maintained at temperatures of 30°C and 4 °C, respectively.
a ) Determine the rate of heat transfer through the wall, in W.
b) Repeat the solution for temperatures of 23°C and 4°C, 30oC 4o C
compare results.
7. A heated aluminum cylinder is 10 cm diameter and 1 m long. The temperature of its surface is
200o C. The cylinder is in a room where the air temperature is 23o C and the temperature of the
room walls is 18o C. The emissivity of the cylinder’s surface is 0.7 and the convective
coefficient at the surface is 20 W/m2 C. What is the heat flow from the side of the cylinder by
convection and radiation?
8. Under what conditions can a heat transfer problem be assumed to be one-dimensional?
9. Write one dimensional transient heat conduction equation for a plane wall with constant
thermal conductivity and no heat generation. Which term defines the time dependency? If the
problem is evaluated as steady, what change occurs in the time dependent term of the
equation.
10. Consider a medium in which the heat conduction equation is given in its simplest form as

a. Is heat transfer steady or transient?


b. Is heat transfer one-, two-, or three-dimensional?
c. Is there heat generation in the medium?
d. Is the thermal conductivity of the medium constant or variable?

11. Consider the base plate of an 800-W household iron with a thickness of L= 0.6 cm, base
area of A= 170 cm2, and thermal conductivity of k= 20 W/m·°C. The inner surface of the base
plate is subjected to uniform heat flux generated by the resistance heaters inside. When
steady operating conditions are reached, the outer surface temperature of the plate is
measured to be 80°C. Disregarding any heat loss through the upper part of the iron, (a)
express the differential equation and the boundary conditions for steady one-dimensional
heat conduction through the plate, (b) obtain a relation for the variation of temperature in the
base plate by solving the differential equation, and (c) evaluate the inner surface temperature.

80oC
12. Consider a cast iron pan on top of an electric range. The bottom section of the flat pan is L=
12 mm thick and has a diameter of D= 30 cm. The electric heating unit on the range top consumes
2400 W of power during cooking, and 90 percent of the heat generated in the heating element is
transferred uniformly to the pan. The pan is heated until it reaches a steady-state condition. When
the steady condition is reached, heat transfer takes place from the top surface of the pan to the air
by convection with a heat transfer coefficient of 114 W/m2K and to the surrounding surfaces by
radiation. Temperatures of air and surrounding surfaces are measured to be 22oC and 17oC,
respectively. Assume the emissivity of the pan to be 0.82. Under steady-state condition,
determine the surface temperatures of the pan.

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