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Mobile IP is a communication protocol that allows users to maintain a permanent IP address while moving across different networks, ensuring seamless internet connectivity for mobile devices. It involves agent discovery, registration, and tunneling processes to manage data transfer and maintain ongoing connections. Despite its benefits, Mobile IP faces challenges such as triangle routing problems, security concerns, and handoff latency.

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Shanu Silva
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8 views

iit21005_mobile_ip

Mobile IP is a communication protocol that allows users to maintain a permanent IP address while moving across different networks, ensuring seamless internet connectivity for mobile devices. It involves agent discovery, registration, and tunneling processes to manage data transfer and maintain ongoing connections. Despite its benefits, Mobile IP faces challenges such as triangle routing problems, security concerns, and handoff latency.

Uploaded by

Shanu Silva
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mobile IP in

Mobile
Computing
By:
UWU/IIT/21/005
K.M.S.Silva
Introduction
to Mobile IP • Mobile IP is a communication
protocol that allows users to move
across different networks while
maintaining a permanent IP address.

• Enables seamless internet


connectivity for mobile devices as
they change their point of
attachment to the network.
Basic
Terminologies
• Mobile Node (MN)

• Home Agent (HA)

• Foreign Agent (FA)

• Care-of Address (CoA)


How Mobile
IP Works
Agent Discovery
Agent discovery helps the mobile node determine whether it is in its home
network or a foreign network.

1. Advertisement Messages:
⚬ Home Agent (HA) and Foreign Agent (FA) periodically broadcast
messages (ICMP Router Advertisements) to announce their presence.
⚬ Mobile Nodes listen to these advertisements to determine their
network status.
2.Solicitation:
⚬ If the MN does not receive any advertisement messages, it can actively
send a Router Solicitation request.
⚬ The nearest agent (HA or FA) responds, informing the MN about its
location.
Registration
When the MN moves to a foreign network, it must register its new location with
the Home Agent (HA) so that incoming traffic is correctly forwarded.

Steps in Registration:
1. MN sends a Registration Request to the Foreign Agent (FA).
2.FA forwards the request to the HA.
3.HA processes the request and updates its mobility binding table with the
MN’s Care-of Address (CoA) (temporary address in the foreign network).
4.HA sends a Registration Reply to confirm successful registration.

• Security Concern: The registration process must be authenticated to


prevent malicious devices from hijacking connections.
Tunneling

Tunneling allows data packets to be forwarded to the mobile node in its


foreign location without changing its home IP address.

1. When a Correspondent Node (CN) sends data to the MN, it is first


routed to the MN’s Home Address (since CN is unaware of the MN’s
movement).
2.HA intercepts the packets and encapsulates them (adds another IP
header to direct them to the CoA).
3.Encapsulated packets are sent through a tunnel to the FA in the
foreign network.
4.FA decapsulates the packets and forwards them to the MN.
Data Transfer
Process
From Correspondent Node to MN: From MN to Correspondent
• Packets are sent to the MN's home Node:
address. • MN sends packets directly
• HA intercepts and tunnels these to the correspondent node
packets to the MN's CoA. using its home address as
• FA receives and forwards the packets the source IP.
to the MN.
Benefits of
Mobile IP
• Maintains ongoing connections while moving across
networks.
• No need to change IP addresses when changing
network points.
• Supports mobility across various network types,
including wired and wireless.
Challenges and
Limitations
• Triangle Routing Problem: Indirect routing path can lead to
increased latency.

• Security Concerns: Ensuring authentication and data integrity


during registration and data transfer.

• Handoff Latency: Delays during the transition between networks


can affect real-time applications.
Applications
of Mobile IP
• Enables mobile devices to maintain
continuous internet connectivity across
multiple LANs.
• Supports seamless mobility in wireless
environments, such as Wi-Fi and cellular
networks.
• Facilitates mobile networking in vehicular
and other dynamic scenarios.
Conclusion
• Mobile IP is a crucial protocol for enabling seamless
mobility in modern computing environments.

• Despite challenges, it provides significant benefits for


mobile device connectivity.

• Ongoing developments aim to address current limitations


and enhance performance.

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