Dar-e-Arqam Schools Cambridge Campus

Name Class: C1

Subject: Computer Date:

Topic: Hardware Total Marks:

1. A central processing unit (CPU) performs the fetch-decode-execute (FDE) cycle

(a) Give the name of two registers that are used in the fetch stage of the cycle.
(b) Describe what happens at the decode stage of the cycle.
(c) Give one register in the CPU that is used in the execute stage of the cycle.
2. Circle three buses that are used in the CPU.
3. A user changes their CPU from one with a dual core and a clock speed of 2.4 GHz to
one with a dual core and a clock speed of 3.5 GHZ.Explain the effect this change will
have on the performance of the CPU.
4. A library has a self-checkout system that allows customers to register books that they
want to borrow.The self-checkout system has a central processing unit (CPU).The CPU
has two cores.
(a) State the purpose of a core in the CPU.
(b) The CPU is replaced with one that has four cores.
Explain the effect this has on the performance of the self-checkout system.
5. A component in the CPU sends signals to manage the fetch-decode-execute cycle.
State the name of this component.
6. The CPU has a clock speed of 2.4 Ghz.
Describe what is meant by a 2.4 Ghz clock speed.
7. The CPU contains registers including the memory data register (MDR).
(i) Describe the role of the MDR in the fetch-decode-execute cycle.
(ii) Identify three other registers contained in the CPU.
8. Complete the paragraph about fetching an instruction into the CPU to be processed.
9. Use the terms from the list. Some of the terms in the list will not be used. You should
only use a term once.
Address. (ALU). Binary. control unit (CU). current instruction register (CIR).
Data. Denary. Driver. Fetch. Interrupt. memory address register (MAR).
memory data register (MDR). random access memory (RAM). read only memory
(ROM). secondary storage. Signal

The program counter contains the _____________of the next instruction to be

processed; this is then sent to the_____________using the address bus. The address is
then_______sent to the___________.Once the address is received, the instruction stored
at the location is sent to_____________ using the_______bus. The instruction is then—
——————-

10. The CPU uses an instruction set to decode the instruction.

State what is meant by an instruction set.
11. Six statements are given about the role of components in the Central Processing Unit
(CPU)
(a) Tick (✔) to show whether each statement applies to the Memory Address Register
(MAR),Memory Data Register (MDR) or Program Counter (PC).Some statements
may apply to more than one component.
Statements MAR MDR PC
it is a register in the CPU

it holds the address of the next instruction to be

processed

it holds the address of the data that is about to be

fetched from memory
it holds the data that has been fetched from
memory

it receives signals from the control unit

(b) Identify the component in the CPU that carries out calculations.
12. A user's computer has a central processing unit (CPU) that has a clock speed of 2 GHz.
She wants to change it to a CPU that has a clock speed of 3 GHz.
(i) State what is meant by clock speed.
(ii) Explain the effect this change will have on the performance of the CPU.
13. The CPU contains a memory address register (MAR).Describe the role of the MAR in
the fetch-decode-execute cycle.
14. The CPU has a list of all the machine code commands it can process.
15. State the name of this list of commands.
16. The CPU contains registers and buses.
(i) Describe the role of a register in the CPU.
(ii) Identify one bus that can be found in the CPU and explain its purpose in the fetch-
decode-execute cycle.
17. A computer is designed using the Von Neumann model for a computer system.The
computer has a central processing unit (CPU).
(a) Data is fetched from primary storage into the CPU to be processed.State the name of
the primary storage from where data is fetched.
(b)The CPU performs a cycle to process data. Fetch is the first stage in this cycle. State
the names of the second and third stages in the cycle.
18. Identify two components within the CPU that are used in the fetch stage of the cycle.
19. Harriet has a computer that is based on a Von Neumann model for a computer system.
The computer has a central processing unit (CPU).Explain the purpose of the
CPU.Identify the three stages of the cycle performed by the CPU in your answer.
20. Write down three advantages of QR codes compared to traditional barcodes.
21. Which tasks can automatically performed by cameras that are controlled by
embedded system?
22. Write the difference between keyboard and ergonomic keyboard.
23. Write any three applications of 3D scanners
24. Write all the stages when scanning a document
25. Which positions are checked when the software tries to compare two facial images?
26. What happens when a photograph is taken? Draw the labelled diagram with steps.
27. Using this data, design the barcodes for
900 340
1257 6648
05889 02918
28. Describe one advantage of using QR codes rather than traditional bar codes
29. Explain how barcodes bring the advantage you have described. b A square QR code
contains 40 × 40 tiny squares (pixels) where each tiny square represents a 0 or a 1.
Calculate how many bytes of data can be stored on the QR code.
 30. Describe the purpose of the three large squares at the corners of the QR cod
31. Describe one disadvantage of using QR codes.
32. What happens when a barcode is read?
33. How barcode systems work in market?
34. Write three advantages and disadvantages of barcodes
35. Write disadvantages of QR codes related to barcodes
36. Differentiate between QR code and frame QR code
37. Draw the diagram of microphones and how it works
38. Write the working steps of optical mouse
39. Write any four benefits of optical mouse over mechanical mouse
40. Write any three applications of 2D scanners
41. What are printers? How many types are available?
42. Write the components of inkjet printer
43. Which types of technology ink droplets use?
44. Write the working steps of inkjet printer
45. How laser printer are more suitable than inkjet printers
46. Write the steps of laser printers
47. What are the different applications of inkjet and laser printers
48. What is binder 3D printing?
49. Write two types of manufacturing use in 3D printers
50. Differentiate between direct and binder 3D printing
51. How to create a solid object using 3D printers
52. Write any three uses of 3D printing
53. Write the four technologies of screens
54. Why LCDs screens uses more electricity than LEDs
55. Write any four benefits of LEDs over LCDs
56. Why OLED are called organic light emitting diodes?
57. Write five advantages of using OLEDs

MCQs

Von Neumann Architecture and CPU Components

1. Which component of the CPU is responsible for performing arithmetic and logic operations?
a) Control Unit (CU). b) Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU). c) Memory Address Register (MAR).
d) Program Counter (PC)
Answer: b) Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
2. What is the role of the Control Unit (CU) in a CPU?
a) Stores data temporarily. b) Executes arithmetic operations. c) Reads and interprets program instructions
d) Increases the clock speed of the CPU
Answer: c) Reads and interprets program instructions
3. Which register holds the address of the next instruction to be fetched?
a) Accumulator (ACC). b) Memory Data Register (MDR). c) Program Counter (PC). d) Current
Instruction Register (CIR)
Answer: c) Program Counter (PC)

System Buses and Memory

4. Which type of bus is responsible for carrying memory addresses from the CPU to RAM?
a) Data bus. b) Address bus. c) Control bus. d) System bus
Answer: b) Address bus
5. What is the function of the data bus?
a) Carries control signals. b) Transmits addresses. c) Transfers data between CPU and memory
d) Stores executed instructions
Answer: c) Transfers data between CPU and memory
6. Which type of memory is used to store frequently accessed data and is faster than RAM?
a) Virtual memory. b) Cache memory. c) ROM. d) Hard disk storage
Answer: b) Cache memory

Core and Cache

 7. Which of the following increases CPU performance the most?
a) Larger cache memory. b) More input/output ports. c) Reducing the number of cores
d) Slowing down the system clock
Answer: a) Larger cache memory
8. Overclocking a CPU can lead to:
a) Increased stability. b) Higher power consumption and overheating
c) Slower processing speed. d) Decreased data transfer rates
Answer: b) Higher power consumption and overheating
9. How does increasing the number of CPU cores affect performance?
a) It decreases the clock speed. b) It reduces the need for RAM
c) It allows multiple processes to run simultaneously. d) It makes the CPU single-tasking
Answer: c) It allows multiple processes to run simultaneously

Fetch-Decode-Execute Cycle

10. In which stage of the Fetch-Decode-Execute cycle is the instruction stored in the Current Instruction Register
(CIR)?
a) Fetch. b) Decode. c) Execute. d) Store
Answer: a) Fetch
11. What happens during the decode stage?
a) The instruction is retrieved from memory. b) The instruction is interpreted by the control unit
c) The CPU executes the instruction. d) The instruction is erased from memory
Answer: b) The instruction is interpreted by the control unit
12. The register that stores data temporarily during calculations in the ALU is called:
a) Memory Address Register (MAR). b) Memory Data Register (MDR)
c) Accumulator (ACC). d) Program Counter (PC)
Answer: c) Accumulator (ACC)

Barcodes and QR codes

1. What is the purpose of guard bars in a barcode?

A) Separate digits. B) Store product price. . C) Identify barcode type D) Indicate barcode edges
2. How does a barcode scanner detect black and white bars?
A) Infrared rays. B) Red laser or LED. C) X-rays. D) Ultrasonic waves
3. Which factor makes QR codes more secure than barcodes?
A) Larger size. B) Error correction. C) Limited data storage. D) Complex printing process
4. What happens if the stock level reaches the reorder threshold?
A) Item is removed. B) System stops sales. C) Automatic restocking. D) Manual update required
5. Why do QR codes have three large squares in the corners?
A) Encrypt data. B) Store error codes. C) Ensure alignment. D) Indicate expiry date
6. What is a disadvantage of QR codes?
A) Low data capacity. B) Require expensive scanners. C) Vulnerable to malicious codes. D) Only
work in supermarkets
7. How does a POS system update stock levels after scanning?
A) Increases count. B) Subtracts one unit. C) Ignores small changes. D) Recalculates item weight
8. What is an advantage of using barcodes for inventory?
A) Reduces manual work. B) Increases product prices. C) Slows down checkout. D) Requires frequent
recalibration

Digital Cameras

1. What is used in digital cameras to convert light into electricity?

A) CMOS. B) CCD. C) ADC. D) DSP
Answer: B) CCD
2. What component converts analogue electric charges into digital format in a camera?
A) CCD. B) CMOS. C) ADC. D) DSP
Answer: C) ADC

Keyboards

3. Each key pressed on a keyboard is converted into a .

A) Binary code. B) ASCII value. C) Digital waveform. D) Hexadecimal code
Answer: B) ASCII value
4. What is a common issue caused by excessive keyboard use?
A) RSI (Repetitive Strain Injury). B) Eye strain. C) Hearing loss. D) Battery drain
Answer: A) RSI (Repetitive Strain Injury)
Microphones

5. What does a microphone convert sound waves into?

A) Light signals. B) Magnetic signals. C) Electrical signals. D) Digital images
Answer: C) Electrical signals
6. What is used to convert analogue sound waves into digital signals?
A) CMOS. B) DSP. C) ADC. D) LED
Answer: C) ADC

Optical Mouse

7. What technology does an optical mouse use to detect movement?

A) Mechanical ball. B) Infrared laser. C) Red LED and CMOS sensor
D) Ultrasonic waves
Answer: C) Red LED and CMOS sensor
8. What component in an optical mouse processes the detected light pulses?
A) CPU. B) GPU. C) DSP. D) ADC
Answer: C) DSP

2D and 3D Scanners

1. What is the primary function of a 2D scanner?

a) To scan solid objects into 3D models. b) To convert paper documents into digital images
c) To generate 3D blueprints for CAD software. d) To measure the weight of objects
Answer: b) To convert paper documents into digital images
2. Which technology is used in 2D scanners to capture the document image?
a) Infrared rays. b) CCD c) LCD d) Magnetic fields
Answer: b) CCD (Charge-Coupled Device)
3. What type of light source is commonly used in modern 2D scanners?
a) Xenon lamp or LED. b) Fluorescent tube. c) Halogen bulb. d) Infrared laser
Answer: a) Xenon lamp or LED
4. What does OCR software do in scanning?
a) Converts scanned text into editable digital text. b) Enhances image resolution
c) Converts black-and-white images into color. d) Detects viruses in scanned documents
Answer: a) Converts scanned text into editable digital text

3D Scanning and Applications

5. Which of the following is NOT a common technology used in 3D scanning?

a) Lasers. b) Magnetic resonance. c) White light. d) Inkjet printing
Answer: d) Inkjet printing
6. What is a major application of 3D scanners?
a) Facial recognition in airports. b) Converting text to speech
c) Producing 3D images of solid objects. d) Storing data in cloud servers
Answer: c) Producing 3D images of solid objects
7. Which of the following scanning techniques is used in medical imaging?
a) Computed Tomography (CT). b) Optical Character Recognition (OCR)
c) Barcode Scanning. d) Fingerprint Scanning
Answer: a) Computed Tomography (CT)

Face Recognition and Security

8. Which feature is NOT typically used in face recognition software?

a) Distance between eyes. b) Width of the nose. c) Number of teeth. d) Shape of cheekbones
Answer: c) Number of teeth
9. What type of image format is typically used to store scanned passport images?
a) PNG. b) JPEG. c) PDF. d) GIF
Answer: b) JPEG
10. Why is face recognition used at airports?
a) To measure body temperature. b) To compare passenger photos with passport images
c) To create 3D models of passengers. d) To improve Wi-Fi security
Answer: b) To compare passenger photos with passport images

Inkjet Printers
 1. What technology is used in inkjet printers to spray ink onto the paper?
a) Thermal and piezoelectric technology
b) Laser technology
c) Electromagnetic technology
d) Static electricity
2. What component of an inkjet printer moves back and forth across the paper?
a) Paper feed
b) Print head
c) Toner cartridge
d) Drum unit
3. How does a thermal bubble inkjet printer work?
a) It uses static electricity to transfer ink
b) A crystal vibrates to push ink out
c) A tiny resistor heats the ink, creating a bubble that forces ink out
d) The printer sprays powdered ink onto the paper

Laser Printers

4. What type of ink does a laser printer use?

a) Liquid ink
b) Powdered toner
c) Solid wax
d) Gel-based ink
5. What component in a laser printer carries a positive charge to attract toner particles?
a) Print head
b) Fuser unit
c) Drum
d) Paper feed
6. How is the toner permanently fixed to the paper in a laser printer?
a) By heating it in the fuser unit
b) By applying liquid ink over it
c) By vibrating the drum at high speed
d) By using an adhesive glue

3D Printing

7. What is the primary method used in 3D printing?

a) Subtractive manufacturing
b) Additive manufacturing
c) Mechanical cutting
d) Electromagnetic layering
8. What software is used to create 3D designs before printing?
a) CAD software
b) Word processor
c) Spreadsheet software
d) Video editing software
9. Which type of 3D printing method uses a binder to form solid layers?
a) Direct 3D printing
b) Binder 3D printing
c) Subtractive 3D printing
d) Electromagnetic 3D printing

Applications of 3D Printing

10. Which of the following is NOT a common use of 3D printing?

a) Manufacturing aerospace parts
b) Creating prosthetic limbs
c) Making 2D photocopies
d) Designing fashion accessories