([[csu-topicwise Questions since Pattern change in 2012 In 2013. UPSC changed the syllabus-pattern of Mains examination and the number of general studies papers were increased from two to four. Out ofthem. G5 Paper! deals with History, Culture, Society and Geography. Overall breakup looks like this Category GS Mains Paper-1 2013 2014 «2015 2016 «2017: «2018 = 2019-2020 History Culture 20 40 25 2 10 25 10 50 History Freedom struggle 30 30 25 B73 63 10 30 25 History World History 20 20 25 25 10 5 15 ° History Post independence 50 ° ° ° ° 0 ° o Sociaty Religion, Region, empowerment | 10 10 378 (375/50 35 25 35 Society Poverty. Population. Development | 0 10 25 125° 0 40 0 25 Globalization impact 10 ° ws |125 |0 15 15 15 Society Women 10 20 25 |0 ° 15 25 ° Geozrapny | Climate 10 20 375 |125 | 60 10 33 10 Geography _ | Disaster 10 10 ° 2s 15 ° ° ° Geograpry | Urbanization 10 0 25 2 15 5 3 15 Geography | Physical 20 20 ° ° 10 20 ° 20 Geography | Resources 20 20 25 es 0 10 10 as Geozrapny | industrial Location 10 30 ° ° 15 30 10 10UPSC Mains GSM 1: [Block-1] History Sad Mrunalorg Cay Perey Dem tm es Creare CirceGS1 Syllabus Topic: Salient aspects of Art, Architecture, literature from Ancient to Modern Times The rock-cut architecture represents one of the most important sources of our knowledge of early Indian art and history. Discuss. (apa CITE WNfie untaa oar Ud Coes & as & arf HeagU wate FA Uw or var oar S| fea HAT |) Pala period is the most significant phase in the history of Buddhism in India. Enumerate. (URd W dle enf & efaera A ore are offer ae | faxersor BifSTT |) Indian philosophy and tradition played a significant role in conceiving and shaping the monuments and their art in India. Discuss. (URGRI 284 Ud (RT A UNIT RG! Fe AR sR 24 Ud aa) eal H ecagel ayftrepi Pang 81 fader aery |) Persian literary sources of medieval India reflect the spirit of the age. Comment. (HEMI uNd & oe asia ein se oT & yrate or oiaia E | eqwoh wher |) Highlight the Central Asian and Greco -Bactrian elements in Gandhara art. (TiemRTE a 8 eM Uf Ua Ta aASATE Tet SoTR THT | ) (10,150 words) TaFl-afeare Safeguarding the Indian art heritage is the need of the moment. Discuss. Assess the importance of the accounts of the Chinese and Arab travellers in the reconstruction of the history of india. The Bhakti movement received a remarkable re-orientation with the advent of Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. Discuss How do you justify the view that the level of excellence of Gupta numismatic art is not at all noticeable in later times? Early Buddhist Stupa-art, while depicting folk motifs and narratives successfully expounds Buddhist ideals. Elucidate. Krishnadeva Raya, the King of Vijayanagar, was not only an accomplished scholar himself but was also a great patron of learning and literature. Discuss. The ancient civilization in Indian sub-continent differed from those of Egypt, Mesopotamia and Greece in that its culture and traditions have been preserved without a breakdown to the present day, Comment. Mesolithic rock cut architecture of India not only reflects the cultural life of the times but also a tine aesthetic sense comparable to modem painting. Critically evaluate this comment. 2019 2018 2018 2018 2017 2016 2016 2015 2015To what extent has the urban planning and culture of the Indus Valley Civilization provided inputs to the present day urbanization? Discuss. Gandhara sculpture owed as much to the Romans as to the Greeks. Explain. Taxila university was one of the oldest universities of the world with which were associated a number of renowned learned personalities of different disciplines. Its strategic location caused its fame to flourish, but unlike Nalanda, it is not considered as a university in the modern sense. Discuss. Sufis and medieval mystic saints failed to modify either the religious ideas and practices or the outward structure of Hindu / Muslim societies to any appreciable extent, Comment. Though not very useful from the point of view of a connected political history of South India, the Sangam literature portrays the social and economic conditions of its time with remarkable vividness. Comment. Discuss the Tandava dance as recorded in the early Indian inscriptions. Chola architecture represents a high watermark in the evolution of temple architecture, Discuss. 2014 2014 2014 2014 2013 2013 2013[| History: india before Independence GS1 Syllabus Topic: Mid-18th century - Present (significant events, personalities, issues); Freedom Struggle (various stages, important contributors from different parts of the country) SSI TR GAG SUT WHral er eats SifsAT |) Since the decade of the 1920s, the national movement acquired various ideological strands and thereby expanded its social base. Discuss. (1920 & axe Bupa aidies 4 we darker emasit wt geu fora ste oro STAT seme aE | fScaT aARTT |) Evaluate the policies of Lord Curzon and their long term implications on the national movement. (IS wats a Heat ea aptT 200 The 1857 Uprising was the culmination the recurrent big and small local rebellions that had occurred in the = preceding hundred years of British rule. Elucidate. (1857 21 fatera fsfesr rea & Uda at anf # ar-ar ulead Sle Ua FS Vata fast wT 2019 Rates en | Gere aifsw | ) (10m,150 words) Examine the linkages between 19th centuries ‘Indian Renaissance’ and the emergence of national identity. (Sanaa waTsdt Borel urd SNUG Tea TET Tee SHt Sr TRA FAT | ) (10m, 150 words) Many voices had strengthened and enriched the nationalist movement during the Gandhian phase. Elaborate. (Titflarél uraeur Pare o> Ghn fetta aria aad sicter oT GEG Ud eS Sara eT | fea ay SiferT | ) (15m,250 words) Assess the role of British imperial power in complicating the process of transfer of power during the 1940s. (1940 & axe & pore SR al RRR Oh oar ot wee gar F falas erent aa a syfBtept or stepers aS |) (15m,250 words) Throw light on the significance of the thoughts of Mahatma Gandhi in the present times. 2018 Clarify how mid-eighteenth century India was beset with the spectre of a fragmented polity. 2017 Why did the Moderates’ fail to carry conviction with the nation about their proclaimed ideology and political goals by theend | 44, of the nineteenth century? Examine how the decline of traditional artisanal industry in colonial India crippled the rural economy. 2017The wornen's questions arose in modern India as a part of the 19th century social reform movement. What were the major issues and debates concerning women in that period? Highlight the importance of the new objectives that got added to the vision of Indian independence since twenties of the last century. Explain how the Uprising of 1857 constitutes an important watershed in the evolution of British policies towards colonial India. Discuss the role of women in the freedom struggle especially during the Gandhian phase. Highlight the differences in the approach of Subhash Chandra Bose and Mahatma Gandhi in the struggle for freedom How different would have been the achievement of Indian independence without Mahatma Gandhi? Discuss. Itwould have been difficult for the Constituent Assembly to complete its historic task of drafting the Constitution for Independent India in just three years but for the experience gained with the Government of India Act, 1935. Discuss. The third battle of Panipat was fought in 1761, Why were so many empire-shaking battles fought at Panipat? Examine critically the various facets of economic policies of the British in India from mid-eighteenth century till independence. In what weys did the naval mutiny prove to be the last nail in the coffin of British colonial aspirations in India? Defying the barriers of age, gender and religion, the Indian women became the torch bearer during the struggle for freedom in India, Discuss. Several foreigners made India their homeland and participated in various movements. Analyze their role in the Indian struggle for freedom. In many ways, Lord Dalhousie was the founder of modern India. Elaborate 2017 2017 2016 2016 2016 2015 2015 2014 2014 2014 2013 2013 2013(/ sists ina attr incependonce GS1 Syllabus Topic: Post-Independence (consolidation and reorganisation within country) Critically discuss the objectives of Bhoodan and Gramdan movements initiated by Acharya Vinoba Bhave and their success. Write a critical note on the evolution and significance of the slogan “Jai Jawana Jai Kisan’. Discuss the contribution of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad to pre-and post-independent India. Analyze the circumstances that led to Tashkent Agreement in 1966. Discuss the highlights of the agreement. Critically examine the compulsions which prompted India to play a decisive roles in the emergence of Bangladesh. (History: world GS1 Syllabus Topic: 18th century events (e.g. Industrial revolution, WWs, redrawn boundaries, colonisation, decolonisation); Political philosophies (e.g. communism, capitalism, socialism) and their effect on society Explain how the foundations of the modern world were laid by the American and French revolution. @8 itr ot santat Ta erin wifeat + enya fay at onereferere fora ver Pita a a |) (15m,250 words) Why indentured labour was taken by the British from India to other colonies? Have they been able to preserve their cultural identity over there? What problems were germane to the decolonization process of Malay Peninsula. The anti-colonial struggles in West Africa were led by the new elite of Western-educated Africans. Examine. 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 2019 2018 2017 2016The anti-colonial struggles in West Africa were led by the new elite of Western-educated Africans. Examine. Why did the industrial revolution first occur in England? Discuss the quality of life of the people there during the industrialization. How does it compare with that in India at present? To what extent can Germany be held responsible for causing the two World Wars? Discuss critically What were the major political, economic and social developments in the world which motivated the anti-colonial struggle in India? What were the events that led to the Suez Crisis in 1956? How did it deal a final blow to Britain’s self image as a world power? The New Economic Policy - 1921 of Lenin had influenced the policies adopted by India soon after independence. Evaluate. “Latecomer” Industrial revolution in Japan involved certain factors that were markedly different from what west had experience. Africa was chopped into states artificially created by accident of European competition. Analyse. American Revolution was an economic revolt against mercantilism. Substantiate. What policy instruments were deployed to contain the great economic depression? 2016 2015 2015 2014 2014 2014 2013 2013 2013 2013BoC y Cae ae Le Development eae Women La PU eee Pe Pe Pe el| Social Scionco: Casto, Religion, Region, Globalization GS1 Syllabus Topic: * Communalism, Regionalism, Secularism; Social Empowerment * Salient features of indian Society; Diversity of India; Has caste last its relevance in understanding the multi-cultural Indian Society? Elaborate your answer with illustrations. (&- URE SAS 1 TSA aa oe ST ORiPreraT TaN StS B Taree ales FTA TR HT |) Is diversity and pluralism in India under threat due to globalisation? Justify your answer. (El UR # fafaurar Ud agerare aeyreexU > ono Soe Ae? strat one ae |) Do you agree that regionalism in India appears to be a consequence of rising cultural assertiveness? Argue. OT HU Seas Suna A aaa seal Be Vispiae HERA Sr ROT Rca Set 2 TH AST | ) Customs and traditions suppress reason leading to obscurantism. Do you agree? (di-Rani ud Teas ERI ah G aA a wrifcieeiey Sera Go S | FA SIT TAS SATs 2) “Caste system is assuming new identities and associational forms. Hence, caste system cannot be eradicated in india.” Comment. 2018 How the Indian concept of secularism is different from the western model of secularism? Discuss. 2018 ‘Communalism arises either due to power struggle or relative deprivation. Argue by giving suitable illustrations. 2018 The spirit tolerance and love is not only an interesting feature of indian society from very early times, but itis also playing an 44, important part at the present. Elaborate. Distinguish between religiousness/religiosity and communalism giving one example of how the former has got transformed | 544 into the latter in independent India.In the context of diversity of India, can it be said that the regions form cultural units rather than the States? Give reasons with examples for your viewpoint. What are the two major legal initiatives by the State since Independence, addressing discrimination against Scheduled Tribes (STs)? Has the formation of linguistic States strengthened the cause of Indian Unity? Why are the tribals in India referred to as the Scheduled Tribes? Indicate the major provisions enshrined in the Constitution of India for their upliftment. What is the basis of regionalism? Is it that unequal distribution of benefits of development on regional basis eventually promotes regionalism? Substantiate your answer. Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, despite having divergent approaches and strategies, had a common goal of amelioration of the downtrodden. Elucidate. Describe any four cultural elements of diversity in India and rate their relative significance in building 2 national identity. Debate the issue of whether and how contemporary movements for assertion of Dalit identity work towards annihilation of caste. How do the Indian debates on secularism differ from the debates in the West? Growing feeling of regionalism is an important factor in the generation of demand for a separate state. Discuss. 2017 2017 2016 2016 2016 2015 2015 2015 2014 2013(| sociat science: Poverty. Population Giobaization GS1 Syllabus Topic: Poverty, Population; Development and associated issues antl nl fe a) 8 1 feawoh aieAg 1) How have digital initiatives in India contributed to the functioning of the educational system in the country? Elaborate your answer. (HRA fefstect Tec 9 fea WER T aa a fan oR & Ga F Uva Fear @ fage SAR Aare |) What makes Indian society unique in sustaining its culture? Discuss. @@Id € Gl UNG Sars wl so Sofa a vifad wes A COVID-19 pandemic accelerated class inequalities and poverty in India. Comment. (@18¢-19 TEMA UAT at SATA Te a0 afgdta at act 8 2 wal afere | ) (10m, 150 words) ce What are the challenges to our cultural practices in the name of secularism. (HP ROan & TH SAN ARPS Warsi F STA = Sy 2019 RIL-@AT ALA F 2) (10m, 150 words) Do we have cultural pockets of small india all over the nation? Elaborate with examples. (a SAR Up Sada ay HRT Para aiephae 2a 8 2 Galea & ay SHAS AE SPST | ) (15,250 words) ‘Despite implementation of various programmes for eradication of poverty by the government in India, poverty is still existing’ | 49,4 Explain by giving reasons. Discuss whether formation of new states in recent times is beneficial or not for the economy of India. 2018 Mention core strategies for the transformation of aspirational districts in India and explain the nature of convergence, 2018 collaboration and competition for its success. “An essential condition to eradicate poverty is to liberate the poor from deprivation.” Substantiate this statement with suitable | 44, ¢ examples Critically examine whether growing population is the cause of poverty OR poverty is the main cause of population increase in | 4915 India.Critically examine whether growing population is the cause of poverty OR poverty is the main cause of population increase in India. Discuss the changes in the trends of labour migration within and outside India in the last four decades. The life cycle of a joint family depends on economic factors rather than social values. Discuss. "Social Science: Globalization GS1 Syllabus Topic: Globalisation (effects on Indian society) Are we losing our local identity for the global identity? Discuss. (7 6H aig War & fay ari wri Wear Ht Gla oT WS? ‘oat afery | ) (15m,250 words) ‘Globalization is generally said to promote cultural homogenization but due to this cultural specificities appear to be strengthened in the Indian Society. Elucidate. Discuss the positive and negative effects of globalization on women in india. (2013, Asked about Globalization effect on Elderly) To what extent globalization has influenced the core of cultural diversity in India? Explain. Critically examine the effects of globalization on the aged population in India. 2015 2015 2014 2019 2018 2015 2016 2013.[| seciat science: women * G51 Syllabus Topic: Role of women and women's organisation; * Although some of the following questions fall under populationglobalization categories, but if a person cultivates habit of noting down women related topics under one head, it!l benefit in both GS1, GS2 and Essay. “Empowering women is the key to control population growth”. Discuss (‘Mee FUEL CHS Aals Gl aad orl BI poh 8 |" wal afer | ) (10m,150 words) What are the continued challenges for women in India against time and space? (URd 4 Bfsarsil & aaa Sa ok BUF Safa Freee Fiferat aar-zeM F 2) (15m,250 words) “Women’s movement in India has not addressed the issues of women of lower social strata. Substantiate your view. How do you explain the statistics that show that the sex ratio in Tribes in India is more favourable to women than the sex ratio among Scheduled Castes? How does patriarchy impact the position of a middle class working woman in india? Discuss the various economic and socio-cultural forces that are driving increasing feminization of agriculture in India. Why do some of the most prosperous regions of India have an adverse sex ratio for women? Give your arguments, Male membership needs to be encouraged in order to make women’s organization free from gender bias. Comment. 2019 2019 2018 2015 2014 2014 2014 2013eT oe “yj org 5 poly My oy 90 Dg TUE Ty A r® or Resourses y Sry ety LiKe Pl ae ts ee le tt el eel(/ seograpny: physical GS1 Syllabus Topic: Salient Features of World Physical Geography; Important Geophysical phenomena (earthquakes, tsunami, volcanoes, cyclones); Geographical features and location; Discuss the geophysical characteristics of Circum-Pacific Zone. (Agia aa yatfaata strani or feta sifsiy |) The process of desertification does not have climatic boundaries. Justify with examples. ARRTaRu a yaa Ht oerarafaar UT Te SAT | CaO Ties Sharer Fs FATE |) Why is Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS) needed? How does it help in navigation? 2018 Define mantle plume and explain its role in plate tectonics. 2018 How does the Juno Mission of NASA help to understand the origin and evolution of the Earth? 2017 “The Himalayas are highly prone to landslides.” Discuss the causes and suggest suitable measures of mitigation. 2016 Explain the formation of thousands of islands in indonesian and Philippines archipelagos. 2014 Why are the world's fold mountain systems located along the margins of continents? Bring out the association between the 4444 global distribution of Fold Mountains and the earthquakes and volcanoes. What do you understand by the theory of continental drift? Discuss the prominent evidences in its support. 2013 There is no formation of deltas by rivers of the Western Ghat. Why? 2013 Major hot deserts in northern hemisphere are located between 20-30 degree north and on the western side of the continents. 4,5 Why? Bring out the causes for more frequent landslides in the Himalayas than in Western Ghats 2013| Geography: Climate, Disaster related GS1 Syllabus Topic: Critical geographical features, flora, fauna (changes and effects thereof) How will the meeting of Himalayan glaciers have a far-reaching impact on the water resources of India? (eared & feral FORT ST RAS GT-R WR a WR SUIT THE GET 2) Assess the impact of global warming on coral life system with examples. (a4 GI 1 Ware Gitar Ga We Hala HT, See SY, sae GHG | ) (10,150 words) 2019 How do ocean currents and water masses differ in their impacts on marine life and the coastal environment? Give suitable examples? (EMPR ehat sit ore Ua Sah sites Six ae wafer oR aos Ded 8 fere-foe TER WER Te PUTT Sze 2019 ‘ifm | ) (15,250 words) Discuss the causes of depletion of mangroves and explain their importance in maintaining coastal ecology. @alat & Raiteer SRT Ra Sify she cet MRR aaa oor sree HLA A Sa Hees BT LIE HASAT | ) (10m,150 words) 2019 How can the mountain ecosystem be restored from the negative impact of development initiatives and tourism? (ada Borel UR ura Ga 1 ore Ged sie et > BOTH pura S fara We Goreuifaa feos GT Mea B ? ) (15,250 words) What is water stress? How and why does it differ regionally in India? (St Hiaaal (ATER SM) HT AN Tete @ ? UAT H Te feos TER pare itt fre cores reheat: fra-fra 2) (15m,250 words) What are the consequences of spreading of ‘Dead Zones’ on marine ecosystem? 2018 In spite of adverse environmental impact, coal mining is still inevitable for development.” Discuss. 2017 Mention the advantages of the cultivation of pulse because of which the year 2016 was declared as the International Year of Pulses by the United Nations. 2017 How does the cryosphere affect global climate? 2017 Account for variations in oceanic salinity and discuss its multi-dimensional effects. 2017In what way can flood be converted into a sustainable source of irrigation and all-weather inland navigation in India? What characteristics can be assigned to monscon climate that succeeds in feeding more than 50 percent of the won population residing in Monsoon Asia? Discuss the concept of air mass and explain its role in macro-climatic changes. Explain the factors responsible for the origin of ocean currents. How do they influence regional climates, fishing and navigation? How far do you agree that the behavior of the Indian monsoon has been changing due to humanizing landscapes? Discuss. Tropical cyclones are largely confined to South China Sea, Bay of Bengal and Gulf of Mexico. Why? Most of the unusual climatic happenings are explained as an outcome of the El-Nino effect. Do you agree? Bring out the relationship between the shrinking Himalayan glaciers and the symptoms of climate change in the Indian sub- continent. The recent cyclone on the east coast of India was called “Phailin’. How are the tropical cyclones named across the world? Bring out the causes for the formation of heat islands in the urban habitat of the world. What do you understand by the phenomenon of temperature inversion in meteorology? How does it affect the weather and the habitants of the place? 2017 2017 2016 2015 2015 2014 2014 2014 2013 2013 2013[/ Geography: Resources Distribution GS1 Syllabus Topic: Distribution of key Natural Resources (world, S. Asia, Indian subcontinent) The interlinking of rivers can provide viable solutions to the multi-dimensional inter-related problems of droughts, floods and interrupted navigation. Critically examine. (fea #1 ste A GIST FEL, ae GR afta oe-aRaSt Sei ag-sraret Wrasi #1 aed VATU & Teal S| sere GAT aAPSTT |) India has immense potential of solar energy though there are regional variations in its development. Elaborate. (Ud H Se ‘wol a rex Surat orci ga feos s after fra S| fee cos SST |) Examine the status of forest resources of India and its resultant impact on climate change. (HRd SMe Gt ealW Ua STAT, Utada UR sa oRUraA Hurd apr afer aifsTy |) Can the strategy of regional-resource based manufacturing help in promoting employment in India? ar wrap Serer Sree faPator at Orie ANd 8 AIR FF Gals SEF Ae Cl Weal F 2) (10,150 words) Why is India taking keen interest in resources of Arctic Region? The effective management of land and water resources will drastically reduce the human miseries. Explain South China Sea has assumed great geopolitical significance in the present context. Comment. Present an account of the Indus Water Treaty and examine its ecological, economic and political implications in the context of changing bilateral relations. Enumerate the problems and prospects of inland water transport in India. In what way micro-watershed Development projects help in water conservation in drought prone and semi-arid regions of India. What are the economic significances of discovery of oil in Arctic Sea and its possible environmental consequences? India is well endowed with fresh water resources. Critically examine why it still suffers from water scarcity. 2019 2018 2016 2016 2016 2016 2016 2015 2015The states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand reaching the limits of their ecological carrying capacity due to tourism. Critically evaluate. Critically evaluate the various resources of the oceans which can be harnessed to meet the resource crisis in the world. How does India see its place in the economic space of rising natural resource rich Africa? With growing scarcity of fossil fuels, the atomic energy is gaining more and more significance in India. Discuss the availability of raw material required for the generation of atomic energy in India and in the world. Itis said the India has substantial reserves of shale oil and gas, which can feed the needs of country for quarter century. However, tapping of the resources doesn't appear to be high on the agenda. Discuss critically the availability and issues involved. 2015 2014 2014 2013 2013__ Geography: factors affecting industrial locations GS1 Syllabus Topic: Factors responsible for location of Industries (primary, secondary, tertiary; India, world) Account for the present location of iron and steel industries away from the source of raw material, by giving examples. (817 HCH Ud RA TIT GI ed Ale H Tad SR PRAY HT TAI TiS HI AIST |) Discuss the factors for localization of agro-based food processing industries of North-West India. (Sax-URT una & pry. ore Gre WHAT Sei & TOR h Heat aX Tal APT |) (10m,150 words) 2019 Define blue revolution, explain the problems and strategies for pisciculture development in India. 2018 What is the significance of Industrial Corridors in India? Identify industrial corridors, explain their main characteristics. 2018 Petroleum refineries are not necessarily located nearer to crude oll producing areas, particularly inmany of the developing 4, countries. Explain its implications. Whereas the British planters had developed tea gardens all along the Shivaliks and Lesser Himalayas from Assam to Himachal 4444 Pradesh, in effect they did not succeed beyond the Darjeeling area. Explain. Account for the change in the spatial pattern of the Iron and Steel industry in the world. 2014 Why did the Green Revolution in India virtually by-pass the eastern region despite fertile soil and good availability of water? 2014 Do you agree that there is a growing trend of opening new sugar mills in the Southern states of India? Discuss with rent ‘ 2013 justification Analyze the factors for highly decentralized cotton textile industry in India 2013© ceography: urbanization GS1 Syllabus Topic: Urbanization: problems and remedies ‘Account for the huge flooding of million cities in India including the smart ones like Hyderabad and Pune. Suggest lasting remedial measures. (HR 8 axuaia ant fora Sauare Ud Go oe wae acta of afi &, A ora ag ] OA ga! FRE Sag Ht Fors |) How is efficient and affordable urban mass transport key to the rapid economic development of India? (@af ait fared (stotSaen set arta aitaes firs vo ed & ga orf ferera at got F 2) (15m,250 words) “The ideal solution of depleting ground water resources in India is water harvesting system.” How can it be made effective in urban areas? The growth of cities as I.T. hubs has opened up new avenues employment but has also created new problems. Substantiate this statement with examples. Urbanization With a brief background of quelity of urban life in India, introduce the objectives and strategy of the ‘Smart City Programme’. Major cities of India are becoming more vulnerable to flood conditions. Discuss. Mumbai, Delhi and Kolkata are the three mega cities of the country but the air pollution is much more serious problem in Delhi as compared to the other two. Why is this so? Smart cities in India cannot sustain without smart villages. Discuss this statement in the backdrop of rural urban integration. Discussion the various social problems which originated out of the speedy process of urbanization in india. 2019 2018 2017 2016 2016 2015 2015 2013