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100% found this document useful (1 vote)
39 views

Laboratory Applications in Microbiology A Case Study Approach 2nd Edition Barry Chessinstant download

The document provides links to download various educational ebooks and textbooks, including titles related to microbiology and clinical neuropsychology. It highlights specific editions and authors, offering a range of case study approaches to different subjects. Users are encouraged to visit the website for more options and to access high-quality digital content.

Uploaded by

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Laboratory Applications in Microbiology A Case Study
Approach 2nd Edition Barry Chess Digital Instant
Download
Author(s): Barry Chess
ISBN(s): 9780073402376, 0073402370
Edition: 2
File Details: PDF, 88.39 MB
Year: 2011
Language: english
Laboratory Applications
in Microbiology
A CASE STUDY APPROACH

Second Edition

Barry Chess
Pasadena City College

TM
TM

LABORATORY APPLICATIONS IN MICROBIOLOGY: A CASE STUDY APPROACH, SECOND EDITION

Avenue of the
Americas, New York, NY All rights r
Previous editions © 2009. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by
any means, or stored in a database or r consent of The McGraw-Hill
electr
or broadcast for distance learning.

outside

ee paper.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 QDB/QDB 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

ISBN 978-0-07-340237-6
MHID 0-07-340237-0

Vice President & Editor


Vice President EDP/Central Publishing Services: Kimberly Meriwether David
Sponsoring Editor: Lynn Br
Amy Reed
Developmental Editor: Darlene M. Schueller
Senior Project Manager:
Design Coor Brenda A. Rolwes
Cover Designer: Studio Montage, St. Louis, Missouri
Photo Research Coordinator: Lori Hancock
Cover Images: (Scientist Peering into Microscope): © Getty Images RF; (Arrangements of Rod-Shaped Bacteria,
Bacillus Anthracis Bacterial Colonies, Posteroanterior (PA) Chest X-Ray): © Center for Disease Control
Buyer: Susan K. Culbertson
Media Project Manager: Linda Avenarius
Compositor: Laserwords Private Limited
Typeface: 10/12 Palatino
Printer: Quad/Graphics

All credits appearing on page or at the end of the book are considered to be an extension of the

Some of the laboratory experiments included in this text may be hazardous if materials are handled improperly
or if procedures are conducted incorrectly. Safety precautions are necessary when you are working with
microorganisms, chemicals, glass test tubes, hot water baths, sharp instruments, and the like, or for any
procedures that generally require caution. Your school may have set regulations regar ocedures
oblems with materials or procedures, please
ask your instructor for help.
Contents
Preface vii MANIPULATION, STAINING, AND OBSERVATION
OF MICROORGANISMS
ESSENTIAL LABORATORY SKILLS
xerc ep c ec n ques
Case Study Exercise 1 Safety Considerations in the CASE SYNOPSIS
Microbiology Laboratory 1 Multiple Misdiagnoses of Tuberculosis Resulting from
CASE SYNOPSES Laboratory Error—Wisconsin, 1996
Laboratory-Acquired Infection with Escherichia coli O157: Case Study Exercise 8 Pure Culture Techniques 67
H7—New York, 2004
CASE SYNOPSIS
Ocular Vaccinia Infection of a Laboratory Worker—
Neonatal Tetanus—Montana, 1998
Philadelphia, 2004
Laboratory Researcher Dies after Suffering Burns—Los Case Study Exercise 9 Simple Staining, Negative
Angeles, California, 2009 Staining, and Gram Staining 79
Case Study Exercise 2 Microscopy and Measurement CASE SYNOPSIS
of Microscopic Specimens 9 Identification of Bacteria Responsible for the Outbreak of
Gastrointestinal Disease
CASE SYNOPSIS
Excerpt of Letters from Anton van Leeuwenhoek to the Case Study Exercise 10 Capsular Staining 91
Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural CASE SYNOPSIS
Knowledge Pneumococcal Sepsis after Autosplenectomy—2005
Case Study Exercise 11 Acid-Fast and Endospore
SURVEY OF MICROORGANISMS Staining 95
CASE SYNOPSES
Case Study Exercise 3 Identification and
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Transmission in a Newborn Nursery
Classification of Algae 21
and Maternity Ward—New York City, 2003
CASE SYNOPSIS Inhalation Anthrax Associated with Dried Animal Hides—
Oregon Harmful Algal Bloom Monitoring Project London, 2008
Case Study Exercise 4 Su ey of Medically Important
Protozoa 33
CASE SYNOPSIS ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON THE GROWTH
Acanthamoeba keratitis—Multiple States
OF MICROORGANISMS

Case Study Exercise 5 Identification and xerc a e oun


Classification of Fungi 41 CASE SYNOPSIS
CASE SYNOPSIS Salmonella Typhimurium Infection Traced to Contaminated
Outbreak of Histoplasmosis among Travelers Returning from Milk
El Salvador, 2008 Case Study Exercise 13 Cultivation of Anaerobes 109
Case Study Exercise 6 Ubiquity of CASE SYNOPSIS
Microorganisms 53 Botulism Associated with Commercially Canned Chili Sauce—
CASE SYNOPSIS Texas and Indiana, July 2007
Sorcerer II Global Ocean Sampling Expedition—2007–2009 Case Study Exercise 14 Temperature Effects on
Bacterial Growth and Survival 117
CASE SYNOPSIS
Outbreak of Gastroenteritis Associated with Consumption of
Alaskan Oysters—2004

iii
iv Contents

Case Study Exercise 15 pH and Microbial Growth 123 Case Study Exercise 25 The Ames Test 203
CASE SYNOPSIS CASE SYNOPSIS
Botulism: Episode Leads to New FDA Regulation West Nile Virus Update—United States, January 1–December 31,
2009
Case Study Exercise 16 Effects of Osmotic Pressure
on Bacterial Growth 131
CASE SYNOPSIS
Vibrio vulnificus Infection Traced to Sewage Spill—Hawaii, 2006
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
Case Study Exercise 26 DNA Extraction from
Bacterial Cells 209
CONTROL OF MICROBIAL GROWTH CASE SYNOPSIS
At the Limits of Science: 9/11 ID Effort Comes to an End
Case Study Exercise 17 Lethal Effects of Ultraviolet
Case Study Exercise 27 DNA Profiling 213
Light 137
CASE SYNOPSIS
CASE SYNOPSIS
Multistate Outbreak of Salmonella Infections Associated with
Gastrointestinal Outbreak Traced to Interactive Fountain—
Peanut Butter and Peanut Butter-Containing Products—
New York, March 2006
United States, 2008–2009
Case Study Exercise 18 Evaluation of Disinfectants:
Case Study Exercise 28 Measures of Water Quality:
Use-Dilution Method 143
Most Probable Number Procedure 225
CASE SYNOPSIS
CASE SYNOPSIS
Anaphylaxis Following Cystoscopy Caused by a High-Level
E. coli Contamination of Water Supply—Frazier Park,
Disinfectant—2004
California, 2007
Case Study Exercise 19 Effectiveness of Hand
Case Study Exercise 29 Measures of Water Quality:
Scrubbing 151
Membrane Filtration Method 233
CASE SYNOPSIS
CASE SYNOPSIS
Puerperal Fever—Vienna, Austria, 1847
Fecal Contamination of Airline Drinking Water—2005
Case Study Exercise 20 Antimicrobic Sensitivity
Case Study Exercise 30 Measures of Milk Quality:
Testing: Kirby-Bauer, Tube Dilution, and E-Test
Methylene Blue Reductase Test 241
Methods 159
CASE SYNOPSIS
CASE SYNOPSES
Salmonella Typhimurium Infection Associated with Raw Milk
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections among
and Cheeses Consumption—Pennsylvania, 2007
Tattoo Recipients—Ohio, Kentucky, and Vermont,
2004–2005 Case Study Exercise 31 Bacterial Counts of
New Antibiotic Discovered—Germany, 2008 Food 247
CASE SYNOPSIS
Food Poisoning among Inmates at a County Jail—Wisconsin,
EPIDEMIOLOGY August, 2008
Case Study Exercise 21 Phage Typing of Bacteria 171
CASE SYNOPSIS
Salmonella Serotype Enteritidis Infections among Workers MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY
Producing Poultry Vaccine—Maine, November–December,
Case Study Exercise 32 Epidemiology of
2006
Gastrointestinal Illness: Differentiation of
Case Study Exercise 22 Simulated Epidemic 177 Enterobacteriaceae 253
CASE SYNOPSIS CASE SYNOPSIS
Import-Associated Measles Outbreak—Indiana, May–June, 2005 Gastroenteritis among Evacuees from Hurricane Katrina—
Houston, Texas, 2005
Case Study Exercise 23 Morbidity and Mortality
Weekly Report 185 Case Study Exercise 33 Isolation and Identification
CASE SYNOPSIS of Staphylococci 263
Google Used to Predict Influenza Outbreaks—2009 CASE SYNOPSIS
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Skin Infections from
an Elephant Calf—San Diego, California, 2008
MICROBIAL GENETICS
Case Study Exercise 34 Isolation and Identification
Case Study Exercise 24 Bacterial of Streptococci 273
Transformation 193 CASE SYNOPSIS
CASE SYNOPSIS Invasive Streptococcus pyogenes after Allograft Implantation—
Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter Infections in Soldiers—2004 Colorado, 2003
Contents v

Case Study Exercise 35 Blood Typing 285 Exercise 54 Mannitol Salt Agar 395
CASE SYNOPSIS Exercise 55 MacConkey Agar 399
Transfusion Reaction Leads to Death due to ABO
Exercise 56 Desoxycholate Agar 403
Incompatibility—Florida, 2008
Exercise 57 Endo Agar 407
Case Study Exercise 36 Differential White Blood
Cell Count 291 Exercise 58 Eosin Methylene Blue Agar 411
CASE SYNOPSIS Exercise 59 Hektoen Enteric Agar 415
Screening for Parasitic Infection of Refugees—United States, Exercise 60 Xylose Lysine Desoxycholate
2008 Agar 419
Case Study Exercise 37 Slide Agglutination 297 Exercise 61 Blood Agar 423
CASE SYNOPSIS Exercise 62 Motility Media 427
Leptospirosis Infection—Hawaii, 2005
Exercise 63 SIM Medium 431
Case Study Exercise 38 Enzyme-Linked
Exercise 64 Kligler’s Iron Agar 435
Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) 301
CASE SYNOPSIS Exercise 65 Triple Sugar Iron Agar 439
Hepatitis C Virus Transmission at an Outpatient Hemodialysis Exercise 66 Lysine Iron Agar
Unit—New York, 2001–2008 Exercise 67 Litmus Milk 447

Commonly Used Biochemical Tests


IDENTIFICATION OF UNKNOWN BACTERIA
Exercise 68 Oxidation-Fermentation Test 451
Case Study Exercise 39 Identification of Bacterial Exercise 69 Phenol Red Broth 455
Unknowns 309
Exercise 70 Purple Broth 459
CASE SYNOPSIS
Respiratory Disease Strikes Legionnaires’ Convention— Exercise 71 Methyl Red and Voges-Proskauer
Philadelphia, 1976 Tests 463
Exercise 72 Catalase Test 467
Exercise 73 Oxidase Test 471
LABORATORY TECHNIQUES, REAGENTS, AND
ASSAYS Exercise 74 Nitrate Reduction Test 473
Exercise 75 Coagulase Test 477
Analysis of Bacterial Cultures Based on Morphological
Exercise 76 Citrate Test 479
Characteristics
Exercise 40 Colony Morphology 329 Exercise 77 Malonate Test 483

Exercise 41 333 Exercise 78 Decarboxylation Test 487


Exercise 79 Phenylalanine Deaminase Test 491
Staining Techniques Used for the Microscopic
Exercise 80 Bile Esculin Test 493
Examination of Bacteria
Exercise 81 Starch Hydrolysis 497
Exercise 42 Simple Stain 337
Exercise 82 ONPG Test 501
Exercise 43 Negative Stain 343
Exercise 83 Urease Test 505
Exer Capsule Stain 347
Exercise 84 Casease Test 509
Exercise 45 Gram Stain 351
Exercise 85 Gelatinase Test 513
Exercise 46 Endospore Stain 357
Exercise 86 DNase Test 517
Exercise 47 Acid-Fast Stain 361
Exercise 87 Lipase Test 519
Exercise 48 Motility Methods: Wet Mount and
Hanging Drop 365 Exercise 88 CAMP Test 523
Exercise 49 Flagella Stain 369 Exercise 89 PYR Test 525

Techniques for Inoculation of Media Commercial Identification Systems


Exercise 50 Streak-Plate Isolation 373 Exercise 90 API 20E System 527
Exercise 51 Loop Dilution 381 Exercise 91 Enterotube II System 535
Exercise 52 Spread-Plate 387
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests
Commonly Used Differential and Selective Media Exercise 92 Antibiotic Disk Sensitivity Tests 543
Exercise 53 Fluid Thioglycollate Medium 391 Exercise 93 𝛃-Lactamase Test 547
vi Contents

Quantitative Techniques Appendix C: Preparation of Culture Media 563


Exercise 94 Viable Plate Count 549 Appendix D: Media, Reagents, and Stain Formulas 568
Exercise 95 Direct Cell Count 555 Appendix E: Data Sheet for Unknown Identification 576
Glossary 577
Appendix A: Spectrophotometric Determination of Bacterial
Growth: Use of the Spectrophotometer 557 Credits 595
Appendix B: Use of Pipettes in the Laboratory 559 Index 597
Preface
“Did you see the interesting article in the newspaper Case Studies
about . . . ?” Every instructor of micr
lecture with these, or similar, words. And always for the same The first 39 exercises begin with actual cases taken from the
reason: to impress upon our students that microbiology is scientific literature. After reading each case, several ques-
not only important but is, in fact, relevant to all our lives. For tions help to define the most important issues and how they
microbiologists, and those who already intend to enter the should be addressed. As the exercise is completed, new
field, this battle of relevance has already been won, but for techniques, media, and observational tools are introduced,
obiology as all with the goal of solving the issues presented in the case.
a pr Evidence has shown that the use of case studies boosts
pr eases reten-
to everyday experiences. Usually we, as microbiologists, rec- tion of students in the classroom, and even reduces the inci-
dence of academic dishonesty
living example of the impact of micr more, learn faster, and retain more with case studies than
, news with traditional instruction methods. Although this seems
stories do not always adhere to our syllabi, and many of these e the day’s
news story with our class, the results are backed up by
uctors who
use cases, 97 percent reported that students who were
For Whom Is This Lab Manual taught with cases learned new ways to think about an issue;
Written? 95 percent reported that students took a more active part in
the learning process; and 92 percent reported that students
W Labora- were mor uly remarkable numbers.
Case Study Approach, is
designed to use real-life examples, or case studies, as the
basis for exercises in the laboratory. Over the past few years,
Changes to the Second Edition
the number of lecture texts utilizing case studies has grown The second edition of
rapidly, and for good reason—case studies work! This book has incorporated a number of new featur
is the only lab manual focusing on this means of instruction, keep the manual up-to-date, make it easier to use, and
an approach particularly applicable to the micr improve the experience of both students and instructors.
oratory. All the micr These changes include:
little if students cannot understand the importance of a
ocedure. • Five new exercises have been added to the manual,

What Sets This Lab Manual Apart? exer cises cover DNA profiling,
, differential white blood cell
eated to make the micr e count, slide agglutination, and the use of ELISA.
valuable experience by r what and how of • A e than 300 images has
microbiology with the sometimes forgotten why. Although
a clear visual reference for every exercise, test result,
always be a part of the curriculum, the context of the exer- and organism they will encounter.
cises has been expanded so that the r • Student learning outcomes (SLOs) have been included
specific task will be clear fr es of for the first 39 exercises in the manual, outlining the
the book are used to accomplish this goal and serve to dis- skills and theory a student should master as they
tinguish it from other microbiology lab manuals. complete each exercise.

vii
viii Preface

• Seventeen completely new case studies have been

revised to impr
information.
• The importance of laboratory safety has been -
emphasized through the inclusion of an additional case oce-
study to Exercise 1. dur
• Exer
has been moved so that it falls immediately after
exercises devoted to the identification of algae and e will r ocedures for
protozoa, providing a more unified look at eukaryotic A data sheet in the appendix provides
microorganisms. ecor esults, r
for ecor .
• The procedures in Exercise 17—Lethal Effects of
Ultraviolet Light—and Exercise 18—Evaluation of
Disinfectants—have been modified to produce more Extensive Flowcharts for Bacterial
consistent results. Identification
• Exer eekly
Exercise 39 introduces the concept of bacterial identification,
Reports—contains a particularly inter
Legionella
on the use of Google to track H1N1 influenza.
pneumophila es’ disease.
Additionally, Table 23.1 has been updated to reflect
Within this exercise, 31 flowcharts are used to help identify
bacterial unknowns commonly seen in the microbiology
• Recipes for media have been removed fr cise laboratory, a far more extensive collection than the one or
themselves but may still be found in Appendix D for two found in most manuals. This exercise also serves as an
those who desire them. intr
• All micr eference to the
ar e.
students to compare the images they obtain with those
in the book.
A Self-Contained Resource for the
Progression of Exercises Promotes Microbiology Laboratory
Active Learning
In the workplace, allied health professionals are expected to
evaluate a situation and find a solution using whatever
Material in each of the first 39 exercises has been car
resources are available to them. This book serves as a self-
or
contained resource, with everything a student needs to solve
ough the
a problem in the microbiology laboratory. A pro-
case study
vides definitions of all microbiological terms used in the
. Immediately following the
Appendices contain the formula
oductory material, pre-lab questions help stu-
of every media and reagent used, in addition to tutorials
dents to focus on the important aspects of the case, develop-
covering universal techniques such as the use of pipettes
ing a framework for what they will need to do prior to the lab,
and spectrophotometers as well as the preparation of media.
most of which require two or thr
Each exercise also includes a link to applicable websites,
multiday labs, questions are posed to ensure that the stu-
such as the CDC homepage for each pathogenic microor-
dents understand what they have just done, the results they
ganism encountered. In short, this book will help students
esults. Post-lab
develop the ability to solve problems.
questions requir om the

cise and the real-life application. Teaching and Learning Supplements


why
obiology, the how of the subject has not been for
ough compendium of
Digital Tools for Your Lab Course
cises are New! McGraw-Hill Connect Microbiology for Chess’
pr allows instruc-
tors and students to use art and animations for assignments
ferential and lectures. Instr
media or biochemical tests, are grouped together resources including assignable and gradable lab questions
exer . By r from the lab manual, additional pre- and post-lab activities,
Preface ix

case study activities, interactive questions based on atlas your students are ready for an alternative, McGraw-Hill
eBooks offer a less expensive and eco-friendly alternative
uctor resources are available to traditional printed textbooks and laboratory manuals.
thr This laboratory manual is available as an eBook at www.
CourseSmart.com. At CourseSmart, your students can take
McGraw-Hill Higher Education and Blackboard® have advantage of significant savings of
teamed up. textbook or laboratory manual, reduce their impact on the
environment, and gain access to powerful web tools for

downloaded to a computer. The eBooks allow students to


do full text searches, add highlighting and notes, and share
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resentative or visit www.CourseSmart.com to learn more.

Personalize Your Lab


Craft your teaching resour
With McGraw-Hill Create™, www.mcgrawhillcreate.com,
Blackboard, the web-based course management system, you can easily rearrange chapters, combine material from
ces, and quickly upload content you have
and faculty to use online materials and activities to comple- written like your course syllabus or teaching notes. Find
d features exciting the content you need in Create by searching through thou-
social learning and teaching tools that foster more logical, sands of leading McGraw-Hill textbooks. Arrange your
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ence how McGraw-Hill Create empowers you to teach your
Create, you also get deep integration of McGraw-Hill con- students your way.
tent and content engines right in Blackboard. Whether
you’r
assignments, all the tools you need are right where you Student Resource
want them—inside of Blackboard. Annual Editions: Micr 1 (0-07-738608-6) is a series
Gradebooks are now seamless. When a student com- of over 65 volumes, each designed to provide convenient,
inexpensive access to a wide range of current articles from
assignment automatically (and instantly) feeds your Black- some of the most respected magazines, newspapers, and
board grade center. journals published today. Annual Editions are updated on a
McGraw-Hill and Blackboard can now offer you easy regular basis through a continuous monitoring of over 300
periodical sources. The articles selected are authored by
your campus hosts it, or we do. Be sure to ask your local pr esearchers, and commentators writing
McGraw-Hill representative for details. Annual Editions volumes have a
Digital Lecture Capture. Tegrity Campus™ is a service
make them particularly useful in the classroom: a general
that allows class time to be any time by automatically cap-
introduction; an annotated table of contents; a topic guide;
turing every lecture in a searchable video format for stu-
orld Wide Web sites; and a
dents to review at their convenience. Educators know that
isit www
the more students can see, hear, and experience class
for more details.
resources, the better they learn. Help turn all your stu-
dents’ study time into learning moments by supplying
them with your lecture videos. Acknowledgments

Electronic Book—GO GREEN! (with apologies to all the moms out there), then I suppose
Green. . . . it’s on everybody’s mind these days. It’s not only producing the second edition is a bit like raising a child. You
about saving trees, it’s also about saving money. If you or want to be sur
x Preface

you send him on his way he r Debra M. Adair


not complaints. Well, so far there have been mostly compli- Paradise V
ments, the complaints have been generally minor, and to
take the par , it has, for sure, Anthony Arment
e due. Central State University

ar Michelle Badon
University of Texas at Arlington
e is no way I
ed feedback. Please Ranjit Banerjee
New York Medical College
PCC, where we seem to have gr
from a small mom-and-pop outlet to a microbiology super- Tesfaye Belay
store, a great number of people have supplied ideas, cri- Bluefield State College

Eric L. Buckles
Igoe, Sonya V ementioned Dillard University
Ray Burke. Of course, nothing happens in the lab without the
Erin A. Christensen
support of Mary Timmer
who has the ability to keep us all on track, supplied with Middlesex County College
what we need before we even know we need it. Finally, Iris M. Cook
it would seem karmically unwise not to thank Dr. Dave
Westchester Community College
Douglass, who has made sure the microbiology program has
r Lauren Cross
haven’t mentioned it, thanks for the new microscopes!
Wor-Wic Community College
Of course saying that one person “wrote” a book glosses
over the contributions of the many people who had a hand Natasha Dean
La Sierra University
a file in my computer. My deepest appreciation to sponsor-
ing editor L eithaupt, developmental editor Darlene Valencia Community College
Schueller, project manager Lisa Br
manager Amy Reed. Enjoyed the photos? Thank Lori Han- Denise Ferguson
Carolinas College of Health Sciences
ds, all of these people
had a hand in cr Robert Gessner
Lastly, there are thr Valencia Community College
than I could ever deliver e
pr ector for Carl Hamby
several of the photos you’ll see in the pages that follow while New York Medical College
my wife took on single par
ont por Daniece Harris-Williams
Hinds Community College Rankin Campus
at all hours of the day and night, and did so with good cheer,
fer encourage- Julie A. Huggins
ment, and when to of Arkansas State University

Tarrant County College


Reviewers James Masuoka
Midwestern State University
evision process, I was lucky enough to
obi-
ologists, who provided their take on the content, procedures, Long Island University – C.W. Post Campus
depth, and even order of the exer
have helped to make this a better book than I could ever Murad M. Odeh
have written on my own, and I thank them wholeheartedly. South Texas College
Preface xi

Connie Pitman To the Student


University of Colorado at Colorado Springs

Narayanan Rajendran As an introductory student in microbiology, you may find


that the reasons behind a particular exercise appear overly
Kentucky State University
complex. Such is the nature of science, but the reasons
Lois Sealy should, at the very least, be apparent. The first step in clos-
Valencia Community College
understand, always, how each step relates to the overall
Peter Sheridan objective. It is just as important to understand why you are
Idaho State University doing something as it is to understand what it is you are
doing. If you can master both the why and the what, then
Jane Slone your success in microbiology will be assured.
Cedar Valley College/ DCCCD This book was written with you in mind. In other words,
everything in this book has been written to support some-
Janice Yoder Smith thing. That means that the introductory material helps to
Tarrant County College Northwest Campus explain the case study, the photos and diagrams are used to
clarify procedures, the glossary contains definitions of
Gabriel Swenson
microbiological terms, and websites are provided if you
Paine College would like further information on a topic. When you are
Stephen Wagner using this book, please, use this book. If the meaning of a
sentence is unclear, look to the accompanying figure; if a
Stephen F. Austin State University
word is a mystery, use the glossary; if space is provided for
Van Wheat a detailed drawing, give it your best shot—it will all be
South Texas College important soon. A well-used book becomes weathered as
om the book to the reader, and a lab
Dean E. Willis book is no different in this regard. Dog-eared pages, draw-
University of North Florida ings, notes, and circled definitions are all part of learning,
and the physical process of making the book yours parallels
Robin Woodard the intellectual process of making the information yours.
University of Virginia This is as true with microbiology as it is with any other
interest, job, or hobby. Take the steps to own the book, and
Linda Young you’ll own the information within.
Ohio Northern University

Jianmin Zhong
Humboldt State University

Brenda Zink
Northeastern Junior College
About the Author
Barry Chess has been a microbiologist at Pasadena City College since 1996. He received
his Bachelors and Masters degrees from California State University, Los Angeles, and

where his research centered on the expression of genes involved in the development of
muscle and bone.
At Pasadena City College, Barry developed a new course in human genetics and
helped to found a biotechnology program at the campus. He regularly teaches courses
in microbiology, biology
pendent research projects in biology and microbiology. Over the past several years
s interests have begun to focus on innovative methods of teaching that lead to
greater student understanding. He has written and reviewed cases for the National
Center for Case Study Teaching in Science and presented papers and talks on the use
of case studies in the classroom. He is a coauthor of the microbiology textbook Founda-
tions in Microbiology, having recently joined Kathy Talaro on the project.
Barry is a member of the American Society for Microbiology and regularly attends
meetings in his fields of interest, both to keep current of changes in the discipline and
to exchange teaching and learning strategies with others in the field.

xii
C ASE STU DY E XERCISE
1
Safety Considerations in the Microbiology Laboratory

Escherichia coli O157:H7. J. Clini. Microbiol. 43:


2938–2939.
, Philadelphia, 2004. Emerging Infect. Dis. 12: 134–137.
e. Los Angeles Times.

to infection in the laboratory, and it is not an exaggeration


to say that proper safety procedures can be a matter of life
and death.
Safe laboratory procedures revolve around contain-
ment of microorganisms. Primary containment concerns
the protection of personnel and the laboratory environment
from exposure to infectious microbes. Proper microbiologi-
cal techniques, such as the safe transport and disposal of
cultures, along with the correct use of personal safety
equipment (e.g., gloves and safety glasses) go a long way
toward accomplishing the goal of personal containment.
deals with protecting the outside
environment from exposure to infectious organisms and
INTRODUCTION depends principally on the design of the laboratory and the
availability of equipment. There is generally little that can
The micr esents a number of unique be done to influence the physical aspects of the laboratory
challenges. Not only are the normal hazards of a laboratory other than not disabling safety features, such as keeping
envir e) open a door that should remain closed, turning off an
present, but so too ar ganisms. In fact, the exhaust fan, or removing a fire extinguisher.
microbiology lab is devoted to gr
very organisms that may cause us such harm! As the cases e mandated. W
above illustrate, laboratory workers are by no means immune deadly viruses obviously requires a gr
1
2 Case Study Exercise 1 Safety Considerations in the Microbiology Laboratory

e nonpathogenic. T • e the safety equipment is in the lab. Note


o- the location of the eye wash, safety shower, fire
or extinguisher, and first aid kit. Take a moment to learn
their operation; remember, if you need to use the eye
wash, you very well may not be able to see at the time!
regar At one
end, BSL-1 or
healthy person and requir During the Lab
BSL-4 or
• Always wear a lab coat while in the lab. Although you
may not be working yourself, another person in the lab
. Table 1.1 ecom- could have an accident. This garment should only be
used during lab and should remain in the lab. Even
The vast majority of introductory microbiology labora- discounting potential biohazards, a lab coat will protect
tories ar ganisms, e is a reason many of the chemicals
and the rules that apply in these laboratories have a very you will be working with are called stains.
common sense and feel about them. Your instructor may • W
eg- before leaving as well. Also wash when removing gloves
ulations as well as the organisms you are likely to work with and if you feel you may have contaminated yourself. If
as part of your course. Adhering to these guidelines will your laboratory sink has a hands-free method of
help to ensur obiology lab.
• Tie back any long hair, it is both a source of contamina-
tion and a fire hazard.
Prior to the Lab • ysol, or 10%
• Dress appropriately for the lab. No open toed shoes or e leaving
sandals. Clothing with baggy sleeves that could catch . If time permits, allow the disinfectant to
fire or hinder your movements should be avoided.

TABLE 1.1
Case Study Exercise 1 Safety Considerations in the Microbiology Laboratory 3

• e book

will not consume precious bench space and where


they will be less likely to be contaminated by an
inadvertent spill.
• Nothing should go into your mouth while you are in
the laboratory. Do not smoke, eat, or drink in the lab,
even if no work is being done at the time.
• epresent a common portal of entry for
pathogens. Do not apply makeup, and never handle

• Organize your workplace before beginning (Figure 1.1).


Store culture tubes upright in a rack, never on their
side. Caps on tubes are generally not liquid tight, and
liquid will leak out (even fr e), leading

• The open flame produced by a Bunsen burner presents


an obvious danger in the laboratory
set up away from overhead equipment or shelving and
the immediate area should be free of combustible
materials such as notes or books. Prior to lighting the
burner, quickly inspect the hose for holes, cracks, or
leaks, and be sure it fits securely on both the gas valve Figure 1.2 Autoclaves use steam under pressure to sterilize
and the burner. biohazardous materials prior to disposal.

Disposal of Contaminated Materials


disposal of lab materials depends on whether or not it will
Most material in the microbiology laboratory must be decon-
be reused. In any event, the contents of plates or tubes
taminated prior to being disposed of or reused, and this is
should never be touched by hand.
most often accomplished using an autoclave (Figure 1.2),
which uses steam under high pressure to kill even the most •
resistant organisms. e tubes, gloves, and similar nonreusable items in the biohazard
glass pipettes, and the like are washed and reused. Plastic bag (Figure 1.3a
Petri dishes melt during the decontamination process and but there is no need to remove labels or tape from
are discar items.
such as tongue depressors, needles, and swabs. In general, • Reusable supplies such as culture tubes and glass
pipettes should have all labels removed and placed in a

• Used micr

e being discarded.

Safety Considerations
• Be r

essant
drugs, or being pregnant should be candidly discussed
.
• Always wear gloves when handling blood or blood
products. Blood-borne pathogens have special
procedur
should only be done with the explicit knowledge of
Figure 1.1 uctor.
of a lab coat, gloves, and eye protection. Also note that long hair is • W
tied back and the work area is free of clutter. microorganisms as a result of a spill.
Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
continued, pointing to a spot where the bank rose three feet or more
above the water’s edge. “Stand back, both of you, on a line with me,
and when I say ‘go’ start out with a good dive.”
The two lads ranged themselves beside Ben. Clarence appeared
to be unusually serious. One would think, looking upon him just
then, that the winning of this race was to him a matter of life and
death. The color had almost entirely left his cheeks, his mouth was
closed tight, his chin thrown out, and his whole poise indicated
supreme earnestness.
“Are you both ready?” asked Ben.
“I am,” returned Ezra, who was quite cool and perfectly
confident.
“Wait one second,” said Clarence. Then he gravely bowed his
head and made the Sign of the Cross.
“Wait!” came another voice; and all three turning saw Pete’s wife
hurrying towards them.
Holding out a skinny finger and pointing it impressively at
Clarence, she screamed:
“May you sink, and never come up. May you drown, and your
body never be found. May my curse follow you into the other world.”
“Is that all, ma’am?” asked Clarence breaking into his sunniest
smile.
The woman choked with rage. She tried to speak, but words and
voice both failed her.
“Come on, boys,” resumed Ben. “Ready?”
“Yes,” answered the two in a breath.
“Go!”
At the word, the boys sprang into the water. Both disappeared
beneath the surface at the same time. Within a few seconds, Ezra
emerged and his hands rose high and fast above his head in the
overhand stroke. Several seconds passed, and those watching on the
shore began to show signs of nervousness. All the gypsies, save, of
course, the snarling and profane invalid, were now gathered
together beside Ben. Even Dora, who was never to be seen at the
river side when the men were swimming, had joined the gazers,
standing a few yards apart.
“Oh, Ben,” she cried, “what’s happened to Clarence?”
Ben made no answer. Scanning the surface of the river intently,
he was pulling off his shoes.
“He’s drowned! He’s drowned!” screamed the gypsy hag. “My
curse has fallen.” Her laugh, horrible to the ear, rang out carrying in
its undertones all manner of evil omen.
As the woman was speaking, Dora fell upon her knees.
“Holy Mary,” she cried aloud, “save your dear child, Clarence.
Remember he is not baptized.”
The girl had not yet finished her adjuration when a great shout
arose from the men and shrill screams from the children. Far out,
fully five yards ahead of Ezra and as many yards further down
stream, Clarence came to the surface. The boy had been the best
long distance diver of all the youngsters attending Clermont
Academy, the eastern boarding school.
A howl of rage arose from the old woman.
“Get up! Get up!” she cried, rushing with outstretched and
hooked claws at the kneeling girl. It was only by the quickest of
movements that Ben was able to save the child from bodily injury. As
it was, the woman dashed into Ben’s rigid and protecting elbow,
and, doubled up with pain, retired shrieking and cursing to the
genial companionship of her husband.
Meantime the race went on bravely. The two boys for the next
ten minutes retained their respective positions, with, however, one
point of difference. Ezra was swimming in almost a direct line;
Clarence was being carried down the river by the current. As the
moments passed, the distance between the two visibly widened.
Ben was wringing his hands and frowning.
“What is it, Ben?” asked Dora. “Is there any danger? Is there
anything wrong?”
“I’m afraid,” Ben made answer, “that if Clarence doesn’t fight the
current more strongly, he may be carried down below the island.
Unless he’s a wonderful swimmer, there will be danger.”
Ben’s forebodings promised, as the moments went on, to be
justified. Both boys were nearing the island, Ezra not more than
twenty yards below the point from which he had set out. Clarence
quite near the clump of southernmost willows.
“Do you think he’ll reach it?” cried the girl.
“I hope so; I don’t know.”
Once more Dora fell upon her knees, and crossing herself, prayed
with streaming eyes to the heavenly Mother in whom she ever
confided.
“Look,” cried Ben. “Ezra has reached the island. And Clarence is
trying to swim upstream so as not to miss it. My God!” he continued,
“I do believe he’s giving out!”
A deathly silence had come upon all. Clarence was swimming
wildly. He had abandoned the sailor stroke and was beating the
water with aimless hands. On the stillness his voice reached them.
“Help! Help!” he cried.
Then throwing up his hands, apparently within a few yards of the
willows, he disappeared in the calm river.
CHAPTER XI
In which John Rieler of Campion College, greatly daring, goes
swimming alone, finds a companion, and acts in such a manner as
to bring to Campion College the strangest, oddest boy visitor that
ever entered its portals.

I tMaster
was thirteen minutes to ten on the following morning when
John Rieler of Campion College, second-year high,
discovered that he earnestly desired to be excused from the
classroom. It was a very warm day for September, the sun was
shining with midsummer fervor, and John Rieler, who had spent the
vacation on the banks of the Miami—whenever, that is, he did not
happen to be between the banks—felt surging within him the call of
the water. John, a smiling, good-natured native of Cincinnati, was in
summer months apparently more at home in the water than on the
land. One of the anxieties of his parents in vacation time was to see
that he did not swim too much, to the certain danger of his still
unformed constitution.
For various reasons, connected more or less with the discipline of
Campion College, John had had no swim since his arrival seven days
before. He was filled with a mad desire to kick and splash. And so, at
thirteen minutes to ten, he held up the hand of entreaty,
endeavoring at the same time to look ill and gloomy.
John had figured out everything. As recess was at ten o’clock,
the teacher would not call him to account for failing to return. The
recess lasted fifteen minutes, giving the boy twenty-eight minutes to
go to the river, take a morning splash and return. Of course, there
were risks; but in John’s mind the risks were well worth taking.
The boy, on receiving permission, was quick to make his way
down the stairs of the classroom building, and, turning to the back
of the small boys’ department and hugging the wall closely, he
reached the shaded avenue leading from Church Street up to
Campion College. Along this avenue was a cement sidewalk
bordered on one side by a line of young poplars and on the other,
below a terrace of some three or four feet, by another of ancient
and umbrageous box-elders. The cement walk was too conspicuous;
the graded road beside it equally so. Master John Rieler, therefore,
wisely chose the abandoned path below; and doubling himself up, so
as to escape the attention of the Brother in the garden, ran swiftly
on. Church Street, leading to the city of Prairie du Chien, was passed
in safety. The worst was over. An open road, really an abandoned
street, left to itself by the march of the city northward, the Chicago,
Milwaukee, and St. Paul track, and then, within a few yards, the
bank of the inviting Mississippi.
A boat-landing, projecting quite a distance into the river, the
property of the Jesuit Fathers at Campion, was awaiting the daring
youth from which to dive.
He was at the further end of it in a trice, kicked off his shoes and
stockings, and with the amazing rapidity of small boys when so
inclined, was disrobed in almost the time it takes to tell it. With the
slight delay of making a hurried but fervent sign of the cross, John
took a header, rose, struck out vigorously, and having reached a
distance midway between the landing and Campion Island, threw
himself contentedly on his back and floated in an ecstasy of
satisfaction.
“Ah!” he sighed, “how I wish I could stay right here till dinner
time.”
Presently he turned over quietly, and as his ears rose above the
water, he thought he heard a splash a little above him. Beating with
hands and feet, he raised himself as high as he could out of the
water and looked in the direction whence the sound came.
Was that a hand—two hands—was it the head of a swimmer?
John was puzzled. Even as he looked, the supposed head seemed to
disappear. John swam towards the spot. As he drew near—there
could be no mistake that time—a human head rose to the surface
and almost at once disappeared again! Frantically John swam
forward. As he came close to the place where the head disappeared,
a slight bubbling on the water’s surface caught his eye. Throwing
himself forward with one almost super-human stroke, John reached
down with his foremost hand—the right—and caught an arm. Up
there came to the surface the face of a boy, lips ghastly blue, face
deathly pale, corn-flower blue eyes that opened for a moment and,
even as the tongue gasped out, “Help me, for God’s sake,” closed
again.
Putting his hand under the body of the unresisting boy, John
Rieler made for the shore. It was an easy rescue. The boy on his
arm was unconscious and John Rieler was as much at home in the
water as it is possible for any creature short of the amphibious to be.
On getting the boy to land, he lifted him upon the wooden
platform of the pier, turned him on his back, raised him up by the
feet, and satisfied that the strangers lungs were not filled with water,
rolled him over face upward and caught him vigorously on both sides
between the ribs.
“Stop your tickling, Jock,” came a weak voice. Eyes of blue, much
bluer than the swimming suit of their owner, opened and shut again.
“Say, you’re not dead, are you?”
“Of course, I’m dead,” replied the blue-eyed one sitting up. “If I
weren’t, do you think I’d be talking to you?”
“I—I—thought you were drowned.”
“Well, I’m not. How did I get here?”
“I fished you out. You were bobbing up and down there, and I
just managed to get you as you went under for the last time, I
suppose. How do you feel now?”
“Hungry,” said the other, arising.
“Who are you anyhow?”
“I’m Clarence Esmond. Say, I’m starving!” And Clarence took a
few steps with some difficulty.
John Rieler thought quickly, dressing rapidly as he did so.
“I’ll tell you what,” he said earnestly. “You come with me till we
get to Campion College. I’d like to bring you in myself; but I don’t
see how I can do it without getting into trouble. Come on now;
you’re cold, aren’t you?”
“Numb to the bone.”
“Here take my coat till we get to the College. There—that’ll warm
you up some. Can you run?”
“I can try.”
“That’ll warm you some more.” With this John Rieler put his arm
about Clarence and swept him up the shore.
Clarence was exhausted; but the strong arm of the boy held him
securely and so the twain made their way at a brisk trot.
“Now, look here,” said Rieler as they reached the end of the
street, and stood within a few feet of the Campion faculty residence,
“you give me that coat; I’m going in by the back way. You walk
straight on to where you see those steps. You go up those steps and
ring the bell. The Brother will come, and you just tell him you’re
hungry and you want to see the Rector. Good-bye. Don’t tell anyone
you saw me. My name’s John Rieler. Now be sure and do just what I
tell you and keep mum.”
“Thank you. I—I can’t talk. Good-bye.”
When the Brother-porter came to the door in response to the bell
a moment later, he jumped back at sight of the apparition in the
blue swimming suit.
“Ach Himmel!” he exclaimed, clasping his hands. The Brother
was not an Irishman.
“Please, sir, I’m hungry and I want to see the Rector.”
“Come—this way.”
Following his startled and disturbed guide, Clarence was escorted
into the parlor.
“Sit down while I go for the Rector,” and saying something that
sounded like “Grosser Gott,” the Brother left Clarence shivering in a
chair and surveying his new surroundings.
“Oh, Father Rector,” cried the porter as he opened the President’s
door, “there’s a boy in the parlor who’s hungry and wants to see
you.”
The Reverend Rector, busy with the morning’s mail, raised his
head and said:
“A new pupil, I suppose.”
“I—I—think not,” answered the Brother, fidgeting upon his feet.
“Why, what are you so excited about?”
“He—he’s dressed only in a swimming suit. It’s blue.”
“Oh, he is. Well, at any rate,” said the Rector, inscrutable of face,
“he’s brought his trunks along.”
“No, Father, he’s brought nothing but his swimming suit.”
“Exactly; he’s brought his trunks along. Think about it, Brother,
and you’ll see I’m right.”
The good Brother has thought about it many a time since that
day. He does not see it yet.
When, a few moments later, the President of Campion College
stepped into the parlor, he, too, prepared though he had been, was
startled beyond measure. He did not, however, manifest any sign of
his feelings. Long experience in boarding schools had given him the
power of preserving stoical immobility under circumstances no
matter how extraordinary.
It was not, as he had expected, a boy in a bathing suit that
confronted his gaze, but a creature wrapped from head to foot,
Indian-like, in a table covering, predominantly red, appropriated, as
was evident, from the center-table of the parlor.
CHAPTER XII
In which Clarence relieves the reader of all possible doubts
concerning his ability as a trencherman, and the Reverend Rector
of Campion reads disastrous news.

T hrowing up the window-shades, the President hurried over to the


boy, who had arisen at his entrance, and took a sharp look at the
blue lips and the pallid face.
“Sit down,” he said, “and wait till I come back.”
Father Keenan, who at that time happened to be President of
Campion College, bolted from the room—a most undignified thing
for a Rector to do. On his way out, he detected hanging on a chair in
the obscurest corner of the parlor the dripping “trunks” which were
still puzzling the good porter. That much-perturbed man was
standing outside in anticipation of further orders.
“Brother, go to the refectory and tell the refectorian to get up a
quick breakfast for a hungry boy. Then go to the clothes-keeper and
get a complete outfit of clothes for a fourteen-year-old and have
them in the parlor inside of ten minutes. If the clothes-keeper says
he hasn’t any, tell him to steal them.”
The words were not well out of Father Keenan’s mouth when he
was dashing along the corridor. The infirmary was close at hand, and
the infirmarian in his office.
“Here quick, drink this down,” cried the Rector a moment later,
putting to the young Indian’s mouth a small glass of cognac.
Clarence swallowed it at a gulp, whereupon while he coughed
and choked and sputtered, the Rector, a veritable Good Samaritan,
threw a heavy overcoat, which he had brought with him, over the
flaming table cover.
“Does it burn?” asked the Rector, referring not to the coat but the
cognac.
“I—I’m not a regular drinker,” said the youth wrapping the coat
about him and breaking into the ghost of his old smile.
“This way, now,” continued Father Keenan, catching the boy’s
arm; and he led him into the corridor.
The boy’s steps were faltering, and the Rector at once, noticing
his weakness, caught him about the waist much as John Rieler had
done, and bundled him into the refectory.
“This way, Father,” said the refectorian, trying to look as though
he were accustomed to feeding bare-legged boys attired in table-
covers and winter overcoats in summer-time; and the “Squire,” as he
was popularly known among the students of Campion, pointed to a
seat in front of which waited a plate of toast, a juicy bit of beefsteak
and a huge slice of cornbread.
At sight of the food, Clarence slipped from the Rector’s grasp and
fell unbidden into the seat.
For the next five minutes he showed that in the matter of eating
he was perfectly able to take care of himself.
The Rector and the Squire interrupted their observation of the
much occupied youth by gazing at each other now and then and
exchanging smiles of wonder and admiration.
“If you’re thinking of coming to school here, my boy,” observed
the Rector, when Clarence had disposed of all the beefsteak and
most of the toast and three-fourths of the cornbread, “I fancy we’ll
have to board you on the European plan.”
Clarence lifted his eyes and smiled in his old way.
“Excuse haste and an empty stomach,” he said.
The Rector laughed in a manner most undignified. In fact, he
was so undignified, be it said, that everybody respected him.
“What makes you so hungry?” he asked.
“Because I’ve eaten nothing since ten o’clock yesterday morning.”
“Where on earth have you been?”
“I was with gypsies till yesterday evening; but I left without
taking my supper.”
“Who in the world are you?”
“My name is Clarence Esmond. About a week ago I was over at
McGregor—”
“Halloa!” cried the Rector. “Why, they’re dragging the river for
you.”
“They might as well stop; it’s no use,” said Clarence, taking the
last piece of toast and looking regretfully at the empty beefsteak
dish.
“My, but this is an adventure!” exclaimed the President. “So
you’re not a moist corpse after all.”
The Squire’s eyes were sticking out of his head.
“If you were only dead,” he said to Clarence, “you’d be worth a
thousand dollars to me.”
“I’m sorry I can’t please everybody,” said the youth, taking up the
last slab of cornbread. “Am I expected to apologize for being alive?”
“Did you sleep last night?” continued the Rector.
“How could I? I was in the river most of the time.”
“But the river,” said the Rector, “has a very fine bed.”
Clarence broke into laughter.
“Thank you so much, sir,” he said, “I never, never, never enjoyed
a meal so much in all my born days.”
“You’re welcome,” said Father Keenan. He turned to the wide-
eyed squire, adjuring that thoroughly excited young man to go see
whether the complete outfit of clothing were awaiting Clarence in
the parlor. Their talk was brief; but when Father Keenan turned to
address Clarence, the lad’s head was sunk upon his breast. He was
sound asleep.
“Never mind about those clothes, Squire; or, rather, have them
sent over to the infirmary.” Saying which, Father Keenan took
Clarence, including table-cover and coat, in his arms, and conveyed
him to the infirmary, where, warmly wrapped in a comfortable bed,
he slept unbrokenly till after five o’clock in the afternoon.
Returning to his room, the Rector took up the morning paper. In
examining the mail, he had, when Clarence’s arrival interrupted him,
noticed the large headlines announcing a dreadful railroad wreck in
the west; a broken bridge, a Pullman sleeper and a passenger car
immersed in a flooded river. Suddenly, as his eyes ran down the list
of the missing, he gasped.
For there in black type were the names of Mr. Charles Esmond,
mining expert, and wife.
CHAPTER XIII
In which Clarence as the guest of Campion College makes an
ineffectual effort to bow out the Bright-eyed Goddess of Adventure.

F ather George Keenan, while Clarence slept, was an unusually


busy man. He telephoned, he wrote letters, he sent telegrams. All
the machinery of communication was put into requisition. Within an
hour the work of dragging the water near Pictured Rocks was
discontinued; by noontime a telegram arrived saying that Mr. and
Mrs. Esmond were still missing and were in all probability drowned
or burned to death; and early in the afternoon the proprietor of a
hotel in McGregor arrived in person. The Esmonds had been at his
place and had gone, leaving as their address “The Metropole,” Los
Angeles, California. But alas, they had not reached their proposed
destination.
The hotel man was conducted by the Rector into the infirmary
and brought to the side of the sleeping boy. He was breathing softly,
the roses had returned to his cheeks and his head was pillowed in
his right hand.
“That’s him, all right,” said the hotel keeper after a brief survey.
“I’d know him anywheres. There ain’t many boys around here got
such rosy cheeks and such fair complexions. There ain’t many boys
who’ve got such bright, fluffy hair, and I don’t know a single one
who’s got his hair bobbed the way he has.”
On returning to his room, Father Keenan opened a special drawer
in his desk and sorted out from a bundle of papers an envelope with
a post-mark indicating that it had reached him several days before.
He took out the letter and read it again.
“Dear Father Keenan: Probably you don’t remember me. I was a
boy with you at St. Maure’s College—and a very poor boy at that.
Other fellows had pocket money; I had none—most of the time. I
hadn’t been there long when you ‘caught on,’ as we used to say.
During the five months we were together you seemed to know when
I needed a nickel or a dime, and, in a way that was yours, you
managed to keep me supplied. I say it was your way, for you got me
to take the money as though I were doing you a favor. The amount
you gave me must have been six or seven dollars, all told; and I
really don’t think I had sense enough at the time to understand how
really kind you were. Many years have passed, and the older I get,
the more grateful I feel. Up to a few years ago, I had lost track of
you completely. I didn’t know even that you had become a Jesuit.
Well, Father George, I happened to see in our Catholic paper last
week that you were Rector of Campion College, a boarding school. If
you are one-tenth as kind to the boys under your care as you were
to me, you’ll be just the sort of President needed in such a place.
The memory of our days in St. Maure’s has helped me to live a good
life and to practice my faith, surrounded though I be with enemies of
the Church. There are three Catholic families here in a population of
three thousand. God has blessed me in my business. I have my own
home, a loving wife and five of the nicest children in the State of
Missouri. Also, to speak of things more material, a grain store and a
comfortable bank account.
“I am sending you with this a check for one hundred dollars,
payment on your loans of pocket money with compound interest,
and then some. Of course, you may do with the money as you
please. But if I may make a suggestion—don’t think me sentimental
—it would please me if you were to put aside forty or fifty dollars of
it to help out some poor boy in the way of clothes, books, and
pocket money.
“In sending you this I do not wish you to consider our account
closed. So long as God continues to bless and prosper me, I intend
sending you from time to time—every quarter, I trust—a like
donation. May the money I send do as much good as you did me.
“I still remember the old boys of our day affectionately. Nearly all
of them were kind to me. One in particular, a black-haired, dark-
complexioned, mischievous little fellow, who was full of heart, I can
never forget. I never met him but he sent me off supplied with
candy. His name was Tom Playfair. What’s become of him?
“Pray for me, dear Father George, and especially for my wife,
who is an angel, and our children, who promise to be worthy of their
mother. My love and my gratitude go with this letter.
“Sincerely and gratefully,
“John S. Wilcox.”
“Strange!” meditated the Rector. “I just remember Wilcox; but I
do not remember ever having given him a cent. Anyhow, I see my
way to spend that fifty dollars as he suggests. Poor Esmond is an
orphan, I fear. Well, the money goes to him.”
On getting word at half-past five o’clock that Master Esmond was
awake and calling for food, Father Keenan hastened to the infirmary.
Clarence, fully dressed in a “purloined” set of clothes, was seated
at a table and vigorously attacking a large slab of cornbread, a dish
of hash, and a plate of pancakes. In the attack, executed with
neatness and dispatch, and in which the youth played no favorites,
Clarence had already aroused the amused admiration of the Brother
Infirmarian.
“How do you do, Father Rector?” cried the boy, rising and
bowing. “I feel able now to tell you that I’m grateful to you beyond
words for your kindness. Your breakfast was the best breakfast ever
served, that bed I slept on the softest, this supper the finest I could
get, and the Brother, who’s been waiting on me as though I were
the Prodigal Son is as kind and hospitable as though he took me for
an angel.”
“Nobody would take you for an angel who saw you eating,” said
the big Brother with a chuckle.
“How do you feel, my boy?” asked the Rector, as, catching
Clarence by the shoulders, he forced him back into his seat.
“Feel? I feel like a morning star. I feel like a fighting-cock.”
“Ready, I suppose, for any sort of adventure?”
Clarence laid down his knife and fork once more.
“Adventure! Excuse me. I’ve got over that period of my life for
good. No more adventures for me. Only a few days ago I came
down the street of McGregor just crazy for adventure. I called her
the bright-eyed goddess. I actually invoked her. I begged her to get
out her finest assortment of adventures and show me. Well, she did.
She got hold of me, and she didn’t let go till I got to bed here this
morning. Oh, no. No more bright-eyed goddess for me. If I were to
see her coming along the street, I’d duck into a back alley. I’m
through with her ladyship for the rest of my natural life.”
“Indeed?” said the Rector.
Clarence was mistaken. The bright-eyed goddess was not done
with him yet.
CHAPTER XIV
In which Clarence tells his story and gets the Reverend Rector
to take a hand against the Bright-eyed Goddess.

“S uppose,” suggested the College President, as Clarence with a


sigh of satisfaction came to an end of his meal, “you tell us your
story.”
“It is a long one.”
“Wait till I come back,” implored the Infirmarian. “I want to hear
it. I’ve been infirmarian in boarding college a great many years, but
I’ve never yet seen any sick boy quite so healthy and with such an
appetite as Clarence.”
“Thank you for the compliment, Brother. I often feel like
apologizing for that appetite of mine.”
“Clarence,” said the Rector as the Infirmarian went off with the
empty dishes, “have you any relations, besides your father and
mother, living?”
“Just stacks of them, sir.”
“Where are they?”
“There are some in England; a lot of them, on my mother’s side,
in Ireland—and oh, yes, I’ve a cousin and his family in New York.”
“Do you know the address of any of them?”
“I really don’t. You know I’ve been at Clermont Academy, a
boarding school in New York State, since I was eleven, and I’ve lost
track of all of them pretty much.”
“What about your cousin in New York City?”
“I do not even know where he lives. You see, he just came to
this country from Ireland a month ago. He brought his family along,
and they were still looking for a house when I last saw them three
weeks ago.”
“Anyhow, they’re in New York City?”
“I think that’s pretty certain.”
“Very good,” said the Rector, taking out a small memorandum
book and making a note.
“Well, let’s have that story,” cried the big Infirmarian, as he re-
entered. He was eager as a small boy waiting his turn for the pie to
come down the table.
Clarence began with his departure from McGregor, the climb up
and beyond Pictured Rocks, his long ride on the river, his encounter
with the gypsies, his friendship for Ben, his long talks and walks with
Dora, his troubles with Pete and his shrewish wife, his frequent
swims in the river.
“And,” he continued, “when I made up my mind to get away
somehow or other, I was hard as nails; I could swim for any length
of time, it seemed to me, without losing my wind or my strength;
and I could eat like a horse.”
“We all know that,” said the Infirmarian.
“And how did you manage to escape?”
“It came about just the way I wanted. Yesterday afternoon we
pitched camp at a place right opposite a long island. I went in
swimming and began to brag purposely to Ezra about what I could
do. I let him know that I thought I could beat him. As a matter of
fact, I really think I can. Ezra bit. He challenged me to race him to
the island. That was just what I wanted. The old hag, Pete’s wife,
came over and cursed me, just before Ben gave us the signal to go.
But I didn’t mind that. Curses, like chickens, come home to roost,
you know.
“Well, at Ben’s word we plunged into the water, and I kept under
till I thought I’d burst. When I came up, I was some distance down
stream; and all the way over I kept drifting down. Of course, it
looked as if it were not done on purpose—at least I think it did. By
the time Ezra was within a few yards of the island almost straight
across from where he had started, I was away down near the end of
the island, almost or quite half a mile away. Then I began to pretend
I was trying to swim upstream and couldn’t do it. When within five
yards or so of the very end of the island where there were lots of
willows and bushes, I started to splashing wildly as though I had lost
my head. I turned towards the shore, gave one last look, and
shouted, ‘Help! help!’ I’ll never forget what I saw in that moment. In
front of the tent, Pete’s wife was standing with her hands—clawlike
old talons—stretched out, palms down, as though she were trying to
force me under water; near the edge of the river, Dora, in her white
dress, was kneeling, and I could guess she was praying for me.”
Clarence paused a moment.
“Do you know,” he said gravely, “I feel now as I felt all last night,
as though her prayers kept with me like an army of little angels.
Tennyson says, ‘More things are wrought by prayer than this world
dreams of.’ I knew the line over a year ago. Now I know the
meaning. Anyhow, after giving that yell for help, I let myself sink
and then, under the water, I got to those willows which I forgot to
tell you were partly under water. It seemed to me as I felt my way
from trunk to trunk that I’d explode if I didn’t get air. I’ve stayed
under water many a time; but I never stayed under so long before.
When I did come to the surface, I came up cautiously, came face
upward, so as to get just my eyes, my mouth, and, because I
couldn’t help it, my nose out of water. It was all right. Between me
and the gypsies was that clump of willows and I was in a little bay
surrounded on three sides by trees and bushes. I lay on my back
just long enough to get my breath, and kicked myself down till I
came near the end of the inlet. Then I took a deep breath, and
dived so as to get out beyond the island in the main current. The
dive was a success. When I came up, I lay on my back with only my
nose sticking out of the water and let the current carry me along
until it grew dark.”
“What were the gypsies doing?” asked the Brother Infirmarian.
“I don’t know. I suppose they took it for granted I was drowned.
You see, I wasn’t such a bad actor, and I did my part all right; and
besides, they are very superstitious and believe that Pete’s wife has
all kinds of power. She told them I was to drown, and that made it
doubly certain to them. From what I know of them, I guess Ben
came over and searched for my body half the night.”
“And what did you do when the dark came on?” asked the Rector.
“I reversed myself and began swimming. After a while I got
awful chilly; so I went to the bank and went through all sorts of
Delsarte movements to get warm. This took me from fifteen minutes
to half an hour. Then I went in again and swam and floated till I felt
I was freezing. I took to the shore again, and ran and jumped as
long as I could, and that’s the way it went on the whole night. It was
the longest night ever. Every minute got me hungrier and chillier. I
didn’t notice the hunger so much; but it seems to me that I’d never,
never be warm again. Oh, wasn’t I glad when the dawn came, and
didn’t I pray for a hot sun. When the sun did rise, I saw that I was
getting near a big town, and I looked about for some place to land.
Somehow, I couldn’t quite make up my mind.”
“Why not?” asked the Rector.
“I didn’t like the way I was dressed. Bathing suits are all right for
the water, but for company—I may be all sorts of an idiot, but I’m
not as nervy as the average summer girl. No decent boy is.”
“Oh, Lord!” gasped the Rector.
“I beg your pardon, sir?”
“Go on, my boy.”
“Well, I got past the city which, I saw on a sign at a boat landing,
was Prairie du Chien, and—no, not quite past. A little after swimming
under the bridge, I saw a building—a great big building that looked
like a college. It was just beyond the railroad tracks, and it had a
beautiful grove of trees just below the building itself. Right on the
shore was a lot of weeds that had been cut and been lying there
long enough to dry. There was nobody in sight, and so I slipped
ashore and covered myself up in the weeds, and tried to get warm. I
was there a long time; and it was a long time before I began to get
anyways warm. Oh, it was delicious that feeling of warmth coming
back slowly but surely. Really, I’d have gone to sleep, only something
else began to go wrong.”
“Did the jiggers get you?” asked the Brother.
“No; it wasn’t ants or jiggers or bugs of any kind. It was my little
‘tummy.’ The warmer I got, the hungrier I got. If I had a thousand
dollars then, I’d have handed it over gladly for a hunk of bread. After
a while, I forgot I had ever been cold, but I was famishing. So I
threw off the weeds, put on my bathing suit, and started for that
building. I was afraid of my life of being seen by women-folks, so I
crawled and walked and crawled. It was slow work. Well, anyhow, I
got to the fence leading into those grounds and was just climbing
over when down from the building came running and dancing a
whole raft of little girls!”
“You struck St. Mary’s Academy, a boarding school for girls,” said
the Brother, sympathetically. The Rector’s face was buried in his
handkerchief. He was not weeping.
“One little devil—Oh, excuse me—one little double-pigtailed,
blue-ribboned thing in the lead saw me and let out a yell. That got
me going, and I jumped off that fence and sprinted for the river at
the rate of one hundred yards in 9-4/5 seconds—at least, that’s what
I thought I was doing, and the screams of all those girls behind me
helped me to keep up my clip to the end. I’m sure they thought I
was a burglar.”
“Anyhow,” said the Rector consolingly, “they won’t know you
again.”
“I should say not. After this I intend paying visits in regulation
costume. Well, then, I got into the river, clean blown. I was too tired
to swim; so I just lay on my back, and paddled now and then with
my feet. The cold got me again in a few minutes; my teeth began to
chatter. Oh, it was awful. And then—then I swam and afterward
began to lose all feeling, and then I lost consciousness and—I got
here.”
“Oh, most lame and impotent conclusion,” said the Rector eyeing
the boy sharply. “You’ve left something out.”
“So I have, Father, but I don’t think I have any right to tell the
last part.”
The Rector looked puzzled.
“Very well,” he said presently. “Even as it is, it is a wonderful
story. In fact, it’s a twentieth century romance. What was the last
name of that child Dora?”
“Well, I declare!” said the youth. “It never occurred to me to
think she had another name. All I know is that she came from near
Dayton, Ohio. Oh, what an ass I am.”
“You might sing that opinion of yourself to the air of ‘My Country,
’tis of Thee,’” suggested the Infirmarian. “We call it the Siamese
national hymn.” And he warbled slowly and solemnly to the well-
known national air, the words, “O Vatana Siam.” “It will do you lots
of good when you feel rather foolish.”
Just then, and while Master Clarence began assuring himself in
liquid notes of what an awful ass he was, there came a timid knock
at the door.
“Come in,” cried the Infirmarian.
“Is Father Rector in there?” came a much agitated voice, as the
door opened a few inches without revealing who was without.
“Excuse me,” said the Rector, leaving the two to sing as a duet “O
Vatana Siam.” Every note of it and the entire sentiment filled
Clarence with pure joy.
Despite their long drawn and pathetic warbling, the two within
caught the sounds of earnest voices without. After singing the air
with the self-same words nearly a dozen times, and coming at length
to the invariable ending “Vatana Siam” in the enunciation of which
Clarence succeeded in outdoing all his previous efforts, the door
suddenly opened, and the Rector entered, bringing with him, very
red and very confused, Master John Rieler.
“Behold!” he cried, “your preserver, Clarence!”
“Whoop!” cried the singer, jumping forward and almost throwing
himself into Rieler’s arms. “You’ve told on yourself, have you?”
“I had to,” said John, shaking Clarence’s two hands. “When I got
back to class I began to worry. It wasn’t the going out of bounds,
and it wasn’t the swim. I guess that finding of you in the water got
on my nerves. I wasn’t scared at the time; but the more I got
thinking of it afterwards, the more scared I got. It seemed so odd.
And then I had a lot to explain to the teacher, and I couldn’t do it.
Anyhow, I couldn’t eat any supper.”
“Oh, I say!” protested the Infirmarian, who happened to be well
acquainted with Master Rieler’s efficiency as a trencherman.
“It’s so, all the same. Honest to goodness!” protested the youth,
his eyes and features expressing depths of astonishment at himself.
“I just actually couldn’t eat.” He paused a minute and added
wistfully. “I could now.”
The Rector had put on his face of Indian immobility.
“John Rieler,” he said gravely, “there are two things to be
considered in your conduct this morning. First, there is your going
out of bounds and taking a swim without permission. Secondly,
there’s your saving Clarence Esmond from drowning. For the first,
you are to be punished.”
“Father Rector,” protested John earnestly. “I’ll not do it again. I’ll
never jump bounds any more this year. I missed Holy Communion
this morning, and it was a mistake. Right after supper, only a few
minutes ago, I went to Confession, and I hope I’ll never miss a
single day’s Communion till further notice.”
“Your punishment,” continued the Rector slowly and impressively

“Oh, Father,” broke in Clarence in great alarm.
“Your punishment,” repeated the Rector, looking severely at
Clarence, “will be not to go in swimming on any account, on any
pretext, with or without companions, from the first of December till
the first of April.”
“All right, Father,” said John, humbly. He was filled with a sense
of the terrible penalty exacted of him till he noticed Clarence’s
ecstatic grin. Then his mind fell to considering the dates, and he
grinned also.
“As for saving Clarence’s life,” the Rector went on, “I don’t see
well how I can reward you properly.”
“I’m worth one thousand dollars, cold,” said Clarence.
“Exactly,” said the Rector, “and the fact of your being alive does
not depreciate your value entirely.”
“No, not entirely,” assented the Brother, as though yielding a
point.
“Anyhow, I should like to reward you, John. Now, is there
anything occurs to you I can do for you?”
“I’m awful hungry,” said John modestly.
“Appetite,” observed the Rector, “waits on a good confession.
Brother, can’t you set this boy up to something extra?”
“Beefsteak and onions, cornbread, buttered toast?” cried the
Infirmarian interrogatively.
Master Rieler had no need to express himself in words. His face
showed glad assent.
“Come and join me, Clarence,” begged the hero of the day as he
seated himself later to the “spread.”
“Thank you; I’ve had a good meal already,” answered Clarence,
“but I’ll take just a little to keep you company.”
His taking “a little” had such an effect upon the Infirmarian that
after watching Clarence’s performance for a few minutes he could no
longer contain himself.
“Look here, Clarence! If you go on, you’ll swell up and bust.”
“I’m not swelling so’s I can notice it,” returned Clarence
cheerfully.
Before leaving, Father Rector said:
“Now, boys, I’m going to my room, and when you have finished
your supper, I want you, John, to bring Clarence to see me. You will
wait for him outside my door. Then I’m going to see the Prefect of
Discipline and have you excused from studies tonight, so you can
show Clarence around.”
There came a babble of enthusiasm from both boys.
“And besides, while Clarence is our guest, you, John Rieler, are to
be his host.”
“Oh, thank you, Father,” said John.
“Do you mean to say, Father Rector, that I may stay here
tonight?” asked Clarence.
“Yes, my boy”—here the Rector’s voice and face, despite himself,
gave hint of a great pity; “you are to be my guest till we’ve got
everything fixed to see that you are placed in proper care.”
“Isn’t he a trump!” cried Clarence as the Rector left.
“Trump! I should say he is.”
When Clarence was ushered by the proud young host to the
Rector’s room, he was bade to sit down.
“Well, Clarence, while you were sleeping, I was quite busy on
your case. The hotel-man from McGregor was here and identified
you.”
“Yes?”
“Yes, and I’ve sent out for all sorts of information.”
“But, why don’t you wire my father?”
“The trouble is, Clarence, we don’t know where he is.”
“He’s at the Metropole Hotel, Los Angeles,” said Clarence. “The
hotel-man could have told you that.”
“No, Clarence,” said the Rector trying to speak casually, “the train
did not get there yet.”
“Was it delayed?”
“Yes. In fact, there was a bad wreck. Some of the cars tumbled
into the water.”
“And did anything happen to my mother and father?”
“I hope not. The only thing, my boy, we know is that they are
missing. Anyhow, they are not listed among the injured or the dead.
Here, sit down and look over this account in the paper.”
The Rector discreetly placed himself in such a position that he
could not see the boy’s face. Clarence read, and after a few lines
could not go on; tears blinded his eyes. For ten minutes, while the
Rector busied himself writing letters, the boy wept, although making
pretense of reading.
“This is awful, Father,” Clarence at length said.
“Have hope, Clarence. God has taken wonderful care of you
today.”
“Indeed, He has.”
“Trust Him, and keep on hoping. As to all details, leave them to
me. If there’s anything to be found out, I’ll get hold of it. In the
meantime, you are the guest of Campion College. Here’s some
change—pocket money. You know, you’ll have to treat John Rieler.
And tomorrow you’ll be fitted out with what clothes you need. God
bless you, my boy.”
“Father, you’re too good. Say, won’t you bless me—give me a
priest’s blessing—the kind I’ve read about in books.”
“Certainly, Clarence.”
The boy fell on his knees, and over him stretched the Rector’s
hands in a fervent benediction.
As Clarence went down the stairs with John, he said: “Say, John
Rieler, I got some bad news and I felt sick all over. And do you know
what happened? The Rector blessed me, and now I could stand
anything.”
CHAPTER XV
In which Clarence begins to admire Campion College, and
becomes the room-mate of a very remarkable young man, as the
sequel will clearly show.

“D oasked
you know where you are going to sleep to-night, Clarence?”
John, as the two boys, after a long walk on the
Bridgeport road, were returning to Campion.
“No; where?”
“You’re going to have the finest room in the house.”
“Indeed! Where is it?”
“You see our new classroom building, don’t you?”
“It seems to me I do.”
“Well, they say that’s the finest building of its kind in the West.
On the fourth floor there are twenty-one or twenty-two rooms for a
few boys in the college department. All of those rooms are
reasonably large, but there is one big enough for two. There it is—at
the south-eastern corner. It has a window on the east and two
looking south. Two brothers live in it, Will and John Benton. John
hasn’t come back to school yet; he’s not well—and so Will has it to
himself, and to-night you are going to have John’s bed.”
“Is Will Benton all right?”
“All right! Say, he’s in the senior class, and he’s Prefect of the
Sodality, and the best all-round athlete, and the best pitcher on the
college team. All right! He’s the best boy in the college; and he goes
to Communion every day. That’s nothing out of the way here. Lots of
our boys do that. But Will Benton keeps it up in vacation time, too.”
“That’s funny,” mused Clarence. “In the last few days I’ve begun
to meet Catholics. The first one I met was that little girl, Dora. She
began her kidnaping story by telling me she used to go to
Communion every day till she fell into the hands of the gypsies.
Then you yank me out of the water, and when the Rector says he is
going to punish you, up you speak and tell him you’re going to
Communion every day. And now, I suppose you’re going to bring me
up to introduce me to Will Benton, and he goes to Communion every
day.”
“Yes; we’re going up now, for it’s nearly bedtime. Most of us go
to Communion every day, you know, to help us keep from sin. And it
does, too. A boy who knows he’s going to Communion tomorrow is
mighty careful about what he says and what he listens to.”
“I am beginning,” said Clarence, “to be quite pleased with the
Catholic Church.”
“I’m sure the Church,” retorted John, “will be proud and happy to
know it has gained your approbation.”
“Seriously,” said Clarence, “I’ve changed my ideas completely
since I met Dora. If she’s a specimen of the Catholic Church, I want
to join.”
“What! Aren’t you a Catholic?”
“No. Who knows but I may be some day?”
“I thought you were a Catholic all along. Here we are,” continued
John, as they entered the classroom building. “Let’s go up quietly.
The boys are in the study hall now. Say,” he added, gleefully, as they
reached the second story, “look in there; just see what I’m missing.”
“What a big hall!” exclaimed Clarence.
“Everything in this building is big,” said John with conscious
pride; “the playroom and the dormitory and the classrooms, and the
science department——they’re all big.”
“I think,” replied Clarence, “that, from your description, the place
will suit me perfectly. In fact, I’ve a mind to buy it. Name your price.”
“For a fellow who arrives at Campion College in a bathing suit
and nothing else, you’ve got the most wonderful nerve. Ah! here we
are. This is your room for the night.”
“Come in,” said a rumbling voice in answer to John’s knock.
“I’ve brought him, Will. Here’s the boy who came to College
down the river, Clarence Esmond.”
“Welcome, Clarence. You’re to be my guest for to-night and so
long as you choose the room is yours. I’ve heard something of your
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