MARKING SCHEME

1. (a) 0.3114 …………………….. (03 Marks)

(b) 0.3082 …………………….. (03 Marks)
(c) 647.33 minutes …………………….. (04 Marks)

2. (a) If 2 cosh 𝑦 − 7 sinh 𝑥 = 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 cosh 𝑦 − 3 (sinh 𝑥)2 =2 solve for x and y in
logarithmic form

cosh 𝑦 − 3 (sinh 𝑥)2 =2

Solution

Take eqn (i) and eqn (ii) solve simultaneously

2 cosh 𝑦 − 7 sinh 𝑥 = 3
{
cosh 𝑦 − 3 (sinh 𝑥)2 = 2

6 (sinh 𝑥)2 − 7 sinh 𝑥 + 1 = 0

1
sinh 𝑥 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 sinh 𝑥 = 6

1
𝑥 = sinh−1(1) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = sinh−1(6)

But

sinh−1(𝑥) = ln(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 1)

So 𝑥 = sinh−1 (1) = ln(1 + √12 + 1) = ln(1 + √2)

1
𝑥 = ln(1 + √2 ) … … … … … … … … . (00 2 mark) and

1 1 1 1+√37
𝑥 = sinh−1(6) = ln(6 + √(6)2 + 1) = ln( )
6

1+√37 1
𝑥 = ln( ) … … … … … … … … . (00 2 mark)
6

From eqn i

2 cosh 𝑦 = 3 + 7 sinh 𝑥
3+7 sinh 𝑥 3+7(1)
cosh 𝑦 = when sinh 𝑥 = 1 then cosh 𝑦 = =5
2 2

𝑦 = cosh−1 (5)
1
3+7 sinh 𝑥 1 3+7( ) 25
6
cosh 𝑦 = when sinh 𝑥 = 6 then cosh 𝑦 = = 12
2 2

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 25
𝑦 = cosh−1 (12)

Also

cosh−1 (𝑦) = ln(𝑦 + √𝑦 2 − 1)

𝑦 = cosh−1 (5) = ln(5 + √52 − 1) = ln(5 + √24)

1
𝑦 = ln(5 + √24) … … … … … … … … . (00 2 mark)

and

25 25 25 25 481 25+√481
𝑦 = cosh−1 (12) = ln(12 + √(12)2 − 1) = ln(12 + √144) =ln( )
12

25+√481 1
𝑦 = ln( ) … … … … … … … … . (00 2 mark)
12

𝑑𝑦
(b) Given 𝑦 = (arccosh 𝑥)2 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 (𝑑𝑥 )2

Solution

𝑦 = (arccosh 𝑥)2
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 1
= 2 arccosh 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (arccosh 𝑥) … … … … … … … … . (00 2 mark)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 1 1
= 2 arccosh 𝑥 √𝑥 2 … … … … … … … … . (00 2 mark)
𝑑𝑥 −1

𝑑𝑦 2 arccosh 𝑥 2
(𝑑𝑥 )2 = ( √𝑥 2 −1
)

𝑑𝑦 4(arccosh 𝑥)2 1
(𝑑𝑥 )2 = … … … … … … … … . (00 2 mark)
𝑥 2 −1

But 𝑦 = (arccosh 𝑥)2

𝑑𝑦 4𝑦 1
(𝑑𝑥 )2 = 𝑥 2 −1 … … … … … … … … . (00 2)

(c) compute the following

3𝑥+6 1
(i) ∫ √𝑥 2 +6𝑥+4 𝑑𝑥 (ii) ∫0 16(sinh 𝑥)2 (cosh 𝑥)3 𝑑𝑥 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑒

Solution
3𝑥+6
(i)∫ √𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
+6𝑥+4
𝑑 1
Let 3𝑥 + 6 =∝ 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 4) + 𝛽 … … … … … … … … . (00 2)
3
Then ∝= 2 and 𝛽 = −3

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 3𝑥+6 3𝑥+9 3 1
∫ √𝑥 2 +6𝑥+4 𝑑𝑥 =∫ √𝑥 2 +6𝑥+4 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ √𝑥 2 +6𝑥+4 𝑑𝑥 … … … … … … … … . (00 2)

𝑑𝑡
Let 𝑡 = 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 4 = 2𝑥 + 6 𝑑𝑡 = (2𝑥 + 6)𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑡 3𝑥+6 1
∫ √𝑡 − ∫ √(𝑥+3)2 −5 𝑑𝑥 … … … … … … … … . (00 2)
3𝑥+6 3 𝑥+3
∫ √𝑥 2 +6𝑥+4 𝑑𝑥 = 2 √𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 4 − 3 cosh−1 ( 5
) + 𝐶 … … … … … … … … . (01)

(ii) Look for defn of 16(sinh 𝑥)2 (cosh 𝑥)3 in term cosh
16(sinh 𝑥)2 (cosh 𝑥)3 = 16(sinh 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ 𝑥)2 cosh 𝑥
1
= 4(sinh 2𝑥)2 cosh 𝑥 … … … … … … … … . (00 2)
𝐵𝑢𝑡 cosh 4𝑥 = 2 (sinh 2𝑥)2 + 1

1
cosh 4𝑥 − 1 = 2 (sinh 2𝑥)2 … … … … … … … … . (00 2)
16(sinh 𝑥)2 (cosh 𝑥)3 = (2 cosh 4𝑥 − 2) cosh 𝑥
= 2 cosh 𝑥 cosh 4𝑥 − 2 cosh 𝑥
1
16(sinh 𝑥)2 (cosh 𝑥)3 = cosh 6𝑥 + cosh 3𝑥 − 2 cosh 𝑥 … … … … … … … … . (00 2)
1 1
∫ 16(sinh 𝑥)2 (cosh 𝑥)3 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (cosh 6𝑥 + cosh 3𝑥 − 2 cosh 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
0 0
1 1 1
= (5 sinh 5𝑥 + 3 sinh 3𝑥 − 2 sinh 𝑥)10 … … … … … … … … . (00 2)
1 5 1
= [𝑒 − 𝑒 −5 ] + [𝑒 3 − 𝑒 −3 ] − [𝑒 1 − 𝑒 −1 ]
10 6

1
∫ 16(sinh 𝑥)2 (cosh 𝑥)3 𝑑𝑥
0
1 5 1
= [𝑒 − 𝑒 −5 ] + [𝑒 3 − 𝑒 −3 ] − [𝑒 1 − 𝑒 −1 ] … … … . (01)
10 6

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4. (a) Solution

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The standard deviation of the second group is 4.

(b) Given that 𝑥̅ is the mean and 𝛿 2 is the variance of n observation 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 , 𝑥4 … … . 𝑥𝑛 .

Find the new mean and variance 𝛿 2 in term of a 𝛿 2 for the new observation such as
𝑎𝑥1 , 𝑎𝑥2 , 𝑎𝑥3 , 𝑎𝑥4 … … . 𝑎𝑥𝑛

Solution

The new variance = 𝑎2 𝛿 2 … … … … … … … … … … (03𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)

1 𝑥−𝑎 2
(c) Prove that 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑛 ∑(𝑥 − 𝑎)2 − (∑ ) where a is the assumed mean
𝑛

Solution let 𝑥𝑖 − 𝑎 = 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 − 𝑥̅ = 𝑥̅ 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛

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 𝑛 𝑛 2
1 1
𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = ∑(𝑥𝑖 )2 − ( ∑ 𝑥𝑖 ) … … … … … … … … … … (02𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
𝑛 𝑛
𝑖 1

(d) Calculate the mean and variance of the first n natural numbers

Solution

1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + ⋯+ 𝑛
1
𝑥̅ = 𝑛 (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + ⋯ + 𝑛)

1
𝑥̅ = 𝑛 (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + ⋯ + 𝑛)

1 𝑛
𝑥̅ = 𝑛 ( 2 (1 + 𝑛))

𝑛+1
∴ 𝑥̅ = … … … … … … … … … … (01𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
2

1 𝑥−𝑎 2
𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑛 ∑(𝑥 − 𝑎)2 − (∑ )
𝑛

2 𝑛
𝐵𝑢𝑡 ∑𝑛1(𝑥𝑖 ) = 12 + 22 + 32 … + 𝑛2 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦 (𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 1)
6

1 𝑛 𝑛+1 2
𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑛 ( 6 (𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 1)) − ( )
2

𝑛2 −1
∴ 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = … … … … … … … … … … (01𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
12

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5. (a)

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6. (a) Given the function f define as 𝑓(1 + 𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 1 find h if 𝑓(2 − ℎ) = 10
Soln
𝑓(1 + 𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 1 , 𝑓(2 − ℎ) = 10 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑓(1 + 𝑥) 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑓(2 − ℎ)
1 + 𝑥 = 2 − ℎ = 1 + 1 − ℎ 𝑏𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑥 = 1 − ℎ
So
𝑓(1 + 1 − ℎ) = 𝑓(2 − ℎ) = 10
𝑓(1 + 1 − ℎ) = (1 − ℎ)2 + 1

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 1
𝑓(1 + 1 − ℎ) = 2 − 2ℎ + ℎ2 − − − − − − − −00 2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠
But 𝑓(1 + 1 − ℎ) = 10
1
2 − 2ℎ + ℎ2 = 10 − − − − − − − −00 2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠
ℎ2 − 2ℎ + 2 − 10 = 0
ℎ2 − 2ℎ − 8 = 0
2±√4−(4)(−8)(1)
ℎ= 2×1
2 ± √36 2 ± 6 1
ℎ= = − − − − − − − −00 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠
2 2 2
2+6 8 2−6
ℎ = 2 = 2 = 4, 𝑜𝑟 ℎ = 2 = −2
∴ ℎ = −2 𝑜𝑟 ℎ = 4 − − − − − − − −01𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠
(b) if 𝑓(𝑥) = −2 ln(𝑥 + 5) determine vertical asymptote and domain of the
function 𝑓(𝑥)
Solution
1
𝑓(𝑥) = −2 ln(𝑥 + 5) = ln(𝑥 + 5)2 = ln((𝑥+5)2 )
vertical asymptote (take den=0)
𝑥+5=0
1
𝑥 = −5 − − − − − − − −00 2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠
∴ 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑥 = −5
𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 = {𝑥: 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 − 5 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑥 + 5 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑑}
− − − − − 01𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠
(c) A vertical function f is defined to be equal to a variable 𝑥, another function g
is a reciprocal of function f. The sum of the two functions forms a new function N.
find 𝑁(𝑁(𝑥))
Solution
1
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥, 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥
1
𝑁(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + − − − − − − − −01𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠
𝑥
1 𝑥
𝑁(𝑁(𝑥)) = 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 +1 − − − − − − − −01𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠

11 | P a g e
12 | P a g e
8 (a) if perpendiculars are drawn from the origin to the straight line x + 3y = 3 and 2x +
3y = 5 then find the equation of the line joining the feet of those perpendiculars.
Let the co-ordinates of A be (h1 , k1 ) and that of B be (h2 , k 2 ).

𝑘
The slope of 𝑂𝐴 = ℎ1
1
−2
The slope of 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 5 = 0 𝑖𝑠 3
Since the two slopes are perpendicular then

13 | P a g e
 𝑘1 −2 1
× = −1 (00 2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
ℎ1 3
3ℎ1 = 2𝑘1
3ℎ1 − 2𝑘1 = 0 − − − − − (𝑖)
The line 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 5 = 0 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ ℎ1 𝑘1
2ℎ1 + 3𝑘1 − 5 = 0 − − − − − (𝑖𝑖)
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑖) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑖𝑖)𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠𝑙𝑦
10 15
(ℎ1 , 𝑘1 ) = ( , ) (01 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
13 13
𝑘2
𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑂𝐵 =
ℎ2
−1
𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 3 = 0 𝑖𝑠
3
𝑘2 −1
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 × = −1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑟 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠
ℎ2 3
ℎ2 = 3𝑘2
ℎ2 − 3𝑘2 = 0 − − − − − (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 3 = 0 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑔ℎ (ℎ2 , 𝑘2 ) 𝑠𝑜
ℎ2 + 3𝑘2 − 3 = 0 − − − − − − − −(𝑖𝑣)
By solving equation (iii) and (iv) simultaneously
3 9 1
(ℎ2 , 𝑘2 ) = ( , ) (00 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
10 10 2

9 15
− 13 33 1
𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝐵 = 10 = (00 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
3 10 61 2
10 − 13
Equation of a line will be
15 33 10
𝑦− = (𝑥 − )
13 61 13
𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡 33𝑥 − 61𝑦 + 45 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑦
33 45
= 𝑥+ (01 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
61 61
(b) find a pair of parallel lines from the equation 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 − 3𝑦 −
4 = 0. Then, find the distance between them
Solution
4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 4 = 0.
4𝑥 2 + (4𝑦 − 6)𝑥 + (𝑦 2 − 3𝑦 − 4) = 0
−(4𝑦 − 6) ± √(4𝑦 − 6)2 − 4 × 4(𝑦 2 − 3𝑦 − 4) 1
𝑥= (00 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
2×4 2
−2(2𝑦 − 3) ± √16𝑦 2 − 48𝑦 + 36 − 16𝑦 2 + 48𝑦 + 64
𝑥=
8
−4𝑦 + 6 ± √100
𝑥=
8
−4𝑦 + 6 ± 10 1
𝑥= (00 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
8 2

14 | P a g e
 −4𝑦 + 16 −4𝑦 − 4
𝑥= 𝑜𝑟 (001 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
8 8
∴ 𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = −1
𝑐1 − 𝑐2 −4 − 1
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑚 𝑑 = | |=| |
√𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 √22 + 12
5
𝑑= = √5
√5
∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑠 √5 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 (01 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
(c) prove that the condition for two orthogonal circles with the center
𝑐1 (−𝑔1 , −𝑓1 ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐2 (−𝑔2 , −𝑓2 ) is given by 2𝑔1 𝑔2 + 2𝑓1 𝑓2 = 𝑐1 + 𝑐2 . Use this
condition to find equation of the circle which passes through the original and
orthogonal to both circles 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 + 8𝑦 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 + 6𝑦 +
1=0
Solution
Consider orthogonal circle below

From ∆𝐴𝐶1 𝐶2
2 1
𝑟12 + 𝑟22 = ̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝐶1 𝐶2 (00 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
2
2
̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝐶 2
1 𝐶2 = (−𝑔2 + 𝑔1 ) + (𝑓2 − 𝑓1 )
2
2 1
̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝐶1 𝐶2 = 𝑔12 − 2𝑔1 𝑔2 + 𝑔22 + 𝑓12 − 2𝑓1 𝑓2 + 𝑓22 (00 2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
𝑟12 + 𝑟22 = 𝑔12 − 2𝑔1 𝑔2 + 𝑔22 + 𝑓12 − 2𝑓1 𝑓2 + 𝑓22
1
𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑟12 = 𝑔12 + 𝑓12 − 𝐶1 , 𝑟22 = 𝑔22 + 𝑓22 − 𝐶2 (00 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
2
1
𝑔12 + 𝑓12 − 𝐶1 + 𝑔22 + 𝑓22 − 𝐶2 = 𝑔12 − 2𝑔1 𝑔2 + 𝑔22 + 𝑓12 − 2𝑓1 𝑓2 + 𝑓22 (00 2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)

−𝐶1 − 𝐶2 = −2𝑔1 𝑔2 − 2𝑓1 𝑓2

𝐶1 + 𝐶2 = 2𝑔1 𝑔2 + 2𝑓1 𝑓2

Hence proved.

Let the required equation of a circle passes through the origin be 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑔𝑥 + 2𝑓𝑦 = 0 −
− − −(𝑖)

If 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑔𝑥 + 2𝑓𝑦 = 0 is orthogonal to 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 + 8𝑦 = 0

2𝑔𝑔1 + 2𝑓𝑓1 = 𝑐 + 𝑐1 but from the given circle 𝑔1 = −2, 𝑓1 = 4 𝑐 = 0

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 2 × 𝑔 × −2 + 2𝑓 × 4 = 0 + 0
1
−4𝑔 + 8𝑓 = 0 − − − − − (𝑖𝑖) (00 2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)

Also if 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑔𝑥 + 2𝑓𝑦 = 0is orthogonal to 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 + 6𝑦 + 1 = 0

2𝑔𝑔2 + 2𝑓𝑓2 = 𝑐 + 𝑐2 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑔2 = 1, 𝑓2 = 3, 𝑐2 = 1

2𝑔 × 1 + 2𝑓 × 3 = 0 + 1
1
2𝑔 + 6𝑓 = 1 − − − − − − − (𝑖𝑖𝑖) (00 2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)

Solve eqn (ii) and (iii) simultaneously

−4𝑔 + 4𝑓 = 0
{
2𝑔 + 6𝑓 = 1
1 1 1
𝑔 = 5 , 𝑓 = 10 (00 2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)

substitute g and f into eqn (𝑖)

1 1
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 2 × 𝑥 + 2 × 𝑦 = 0
5 10
6𝑥 2 + 5𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0

1
∴ the equation of the circle is 6𝑥 2 + 5𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0 (00 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
2

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17 | P a g e
10 (a) use the first principle to differentiate √sin 𝑥
Solution
Let 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) = √sin 𝑥
𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) = √sin(𝑥 + ℎ)
𝑑𝑦 𝑓(𝑥+ℎ)−𝑓(𝑥)
= lim
𝑑𝑥 ℎ→0 ℎ

𝑑𝑦 √sin(𝑥 + ℎ) − √sin 𝑥 1
= lim 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 (00 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
𝑑𝑥 ℎ→0 ℎ 2
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 𝑑𝑦 √sin(𝑥 + ℎ) − √sin 𝑥 √sin(𝑥 + ℎ) + √sin 𝑥
= lim ×
𝑑𝑥 ℎ→0 ℎ √sin(𝑥 + ℎ) + √sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 √sin2 (𝑥 + ℎ) − √sin2 𝑥
= lim
𝑑𝑥 ℎ→0 ℎ(√sin(𝑥 + ℎ) + √sin 𝑥)
𝑑𝑦 sin2(𝑥 + ℎ) − sin2 𝑥 1
= lim (00 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
𝑑𝑥 ℎ→0 ℎ(√sin(𝑥 + ℎ) + √sin 𝑥) 2

𝑑𝑦 sin 𝑥 cos ℎ + sin ℎ cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥

= lim
𝑑𝑥 ℎ→0 ℎ(√sin(𝑥 + ℎ) + √sin 𝑥)
lim cos ℎ → 1
ℎ→0
lim sin ℎ ≈ ℎ
ℎ→0
𝑑𝑦 sin 𝑥 × 1 + ℎ cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 1
= lim (00 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
𝑑𝑥 ℎ→0 ℎ(√sin(𝑥 + ℎ) + √sin 𝑥) 2

𝑑𝑦 ℎ cos 𝑥
= lim
𝑑𝑥 ℎ→0 ℎ(√sin(𝑥 + ℎ) + √sin 𝑥)
𝑑𝑦 cos 𝑥 cos 𝑥 1
= = (00 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
𝑑𝑥 √sin(𝑥 + 0) + √sin 𝑥 2√sin 𝑥 2

𝑥 2 +𝑦 2
(b) if 𝑧 = evaluate the value of p given that
𝑥+𝑦

𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 2 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
(𝜕𝑥 − 𝜕𝑦) = 𝑃 (1 − 𝜕𝑥 − 𝜕𝑦)

Solution
𝑥 2 +𝑦 2
𝑍= 𝑥+𝑦

𝑑 𝑑
𝜕𝑧 (𝑥+𝑦) (𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 )−(𝑥 2 +𝑦2 ) (𝑥+𝑦)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
=
𝜕𝑥 (𝑥+𝑦)2

𝜕𝑧 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 2 1
= (00 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
𝜕𝑥 (𝑥 + 𝑦)2 2

Also

𝑑 2 2 2 2 𝑑
𝜕𝑧 (𝑥 + 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 (𝑥 + 𝑦 ) − (𝑥 + 𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑦 (𝑥 + 𝑦)
=
𝜕𝑦 (𝑥 + 𝑦)2
𝜕𝑧 2𝑥𝑦+𝑦 2 −𝑥 2 1
= (00 2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
𝜕𝑦 (𝑥+𝑦)2

𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 2 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 2(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 ) 2(𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 − 𝑦)

− = −( )= =
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 (𝑥 + 𝑦)2 (𝑥 + 𝑦)2 (𝑥 + 𝑦)2 (𝑥 + 𝑦)2
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 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 2(𝑥 − 𝑦) 1
− = (00 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 (𝑥 + 𝑦) 2
2
𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 2 2(𝑥 − 𝑦)
( − ) =( )
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 (𝑥 + 𝑦)

Further

𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 2 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2
+ = +
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 (𝑥 + 𝑦)2 (𝑥 + 𝑦)2
𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 4𝑥𝑦 1
+ 𝜕𝑦 = (𝑥+𝑦)2 (00 2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
𝜕𝑥

𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 4𝑥𝑦 𝑥 2 +2𝑥𝑦−4𝑥𝑦+𝑦 2 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 −2𝑥𝑦

1 − (𝜕𝑥 + 𝜕𝑦) = 1 − (𝑥+𝑦)2 = (𝑥+𝑦)2
= (𝑥+𝑦)2
=
(𝑥−𝑦)2 1
(𝑥+𝑦)2
(00 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
2

So

𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 2 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
(𝜕𝑥 − 𝜕𝑦) = 𝑃 (1 − 𝜕𝑥 − 𝜕𝑦)

4(𝑥−𝑦)2 𝑝(𝑥−𝑦)2
(𝑥+𝑦)2
= (𝑥+𝑦)2

By comparing then
1
𝑝=4 (00 2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)

(c) A horse trough has a triangular cross section area of height 50cm and base 60cm and height
2m long. A horse is drinking steadily and when the water level is 5cm below the top, it is being
lowered at a rate of 1cm/min. find the rate of consumption in liters per minute.

Solution

ℎ = 50𝑐𝑚
1
𝑣 = 2 (𝑏)(ℎ)(𝑙)

𝑙 = 200𝑐𝑚

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 1
𝑣 = 2 (𝑏)(ℎ)(200)

𝑣 = 100𝑏ℎ (01 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)

ℎ 50 𝑏 ℎ 1
𝑏⁄ = 30 → 8 = 4 (00 2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
2

2ℎ 5
=3
𝑏

6ℎ 1
𝑏= (00 2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
5

From

𝑣 = 100𝑏ℎ
6ℎ
𝑣 = 100 × ×ℎ
5

𝑣 = 120ℎ2 (01 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)

𝑑𝑣
= 240ℎ
𝑑ℎ
Now
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑣 𝑑ℎ
= 𝑑ℎ × 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑣 𝑑ℎ 1
= 240ℎ × 𝑑𝑡 (00 2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
𝑑𝑡

𝑑ℎ 1𝑐𝑚
𝑏𝑢𝑡 = ⁄𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑣
= 240 × 50𝑐𝑚 × 1𝑐𝑚⁄𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑣 12000𝑐𝑚3 1
= ⁄𝑚𝑖𝑛 (00 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
𝑑𝑡 2
3
The rate of consumption is given by 12000𝑐𝑚 ⁄𝑚𝑖𝑛

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