Culvert Pipe with Hydro-Powered Generator - Scale Model
Culvert Pipe with Hydro-Powered Generator - Scale Model
Department of Education
Region III
DIVISION OF NUEVA ECIJA
Peñaranda National High School
Peñaranda, Nueva Ecija
By:
Alvarez, Althea S.
Francisco, Mariz C.
Ortega, Loraine N.
Researchers
Research Adviser
January 2024
i
ABSTRACT
Flash floods is one among the problems that typhoons and heavy rains effect and it is the
most common problem nationwide. Flash floods cause errands everywhere in our country, and it
For example, traffic flash floods can be experienced on highways or even urban roads,
the waters that has been clogged in the canals will overflow and eventually caused traffic. One
This project aims to help the community or even the whole country to stimulate and make
excess waters from flash floods more beneficial to the people by making power electricity out of
floods.
The Culvert Pipe with Hydro-Powered Generator – Scale Model made using locally
collected materials. The Hydro-Powered Generator comes with 2 uses, allowing the flow of
water and generating electricity that can help with your monthly bill.
Based on the findings, the device must run for at least minutes to generate or produce
Its ability to generate power was evaluated by leaving it in the canal with flowing water
but in our case, we have our own canal that just needs to fill with at least 2 buckets of water. The
produced energy is enough to power up devices like a smartphone, which takes hours/minute
The results of this study could help people living in towns that are vulnerable deal with
First and foremost, praises and thanks to God, the Almighty, for the showers of blessings
The researchers would also like to express their deep and sincere gratitude to their
research adviser, Ma'am Marian B. De Silva for providing invaluable supervision, support, and
encouragement during the research study. We would also like to thank her for her empathy,
patience, and knowledge for her imparts into. It was a great privilege and honor to work and
The researchers’ gratitude also extends to Peñaranda National High School and school
principal, Dr. Vivian P. Maducdoc, for allowing us the opportunity to conduct our research
To Mr. Henry Clark Laz, Mr. Alex Dela Cruz & Mr. Larry Salvador, for their
guidance, ideas and recommendations that helped the researchers in completing the product that
they have envisioned. We would also like to give thanks for the time and knowledge that you
Last but not the least, to our dearest parents for their deep consideration for the finances
and undying support throughout the making of the research study. As well as for their words of
encouragement to all those nights that we’ve spent making the research study.
Team Callos is grateful for the patience, guidance, support, and advice given to the
researchers by all of them. This study could not have been completed without their help, and
Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………….... i
Acknowledgment………………………………………………………………………………… ii
Introduction.................................................................................................................................. 1-
3
Research Paradigm……………………………………………………………………………… 11
Gathering of Materials…………………………………………………………………...............
12
Formulations of the study……………………………………………………………………. 12-
13
Risk and Safety……………………………………………………………………...…...............
13
Product Testing ……………………………………………………………………………... 13-14
Final Testing ….………………………………………………………………………………....
14
Results and Discussion............................................................................................................. 15-
18
Appendices............................................................................................................................... 19-
24
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................25
Recommendation...........................................................................................................................26
Bibliography.............................................................................................................................27-28
Curriculum Vitae......................................................................................................................29-34
1
INTRODUCTION
Flooding is one of the problems the Philippines is facing. The canals are clogged by
different trash, like plastic, leaves, and others. The Philippines is a tropical country that faces the
Pacific to the west, where many typhoons are formed. These typhoons cause heavy rainfall,
which is the main cause of overflowing rivers that frequently cause floods.
Recently, due to worldwide population growth, much attention has been paid to
increasing total electricity generation. However, traditional power plants, which use hydrocarbon
fuels, cause some of the most challenging problems in the world, like environmental
contamination and global warming. The use of low-speed generators with permanent magnet
excitation for micro-hydroelectric power plants and wind turbines is relevant in terms of
providing good weight and size indicators, simplicity of construction, lack of sliding contacts,
and the ability to perform a generator with low rotation speeds, which causes low cost and high
reliability. (Dipak Nagare et al., 2022) The generation of electricity from existing canals through
microprojects has become a practical and alternate solution to large-scale hydropower projects.
proposed micro-hydropower system on the available head on a link canal. The electricity is to be
used to supply the load of nearby villages, and the surplus energy is to be fed into the nearby 11-
kV grid, while during peak hours, electricity is purchased from the grid. HOMER was used to
verify the technical and economic feasibility of the proposed micro-hydropower project in
canals, etc., as it could be beneficial in the utilization of all existing water reservoirs and streams
to generate hydropower, which is renewable in nature. By doing so, they do not encounter the
Typhoons cause global threats to life and property, including the most common one,
which is flooding. It affects the lives of each resident and their business or source of income.
Residents in flood-prone locations are more vulnerable during floods, which also affects their
daily lives. Because of that, the residents are finding a solution to their problem to reduce the
flood. To address the problem, the researchers will conduct and develop a “Culvert Pipe with
worldwide, provide an efficient solution for flowing waters to cross man-made barriers including
roads. Existing structures can be many years old and changes in rainfall patterns due to global
warming might not have been considered in their original design. While correctly designed
culverts can effectively drain water during high-intensity rainfall events, poorly designed or
outdated structures could cause upstream flooding resulting in costly damage and losses.
Hydraulic improvements to prepare existing culverts for greater discharge rates could be a
favorable alternative to rebuilding every failing structure. Modern design guidelines calculate the
performance for inlet and outlet-controlled flows on the basis of established hydraulic theories.
(Rick Jaeger et. al., 2019). Culverts are common structures for runoff drainage systems in the
design and construction of roads and railways, in both urban and rural areas. Due to the nature of
runoff flow, large amount of sediments, foliage, urban waste and debris materials may
Blockage in the culvert’s entrance can result in a significant increase in flood risk,
through elevated flood levels and diverted flow paths through the urban or rural areas (Rigby et
al., 2002). Sudden blockage in a runoff system is also one of the common problems. The study of
culvert’s blockage would be useful in the prediction and prevention of flood hazard in the
vicinity of drainage systems. Current study deals with this problem in box culverts. Blockage
effects on the upstream water level were investigated using both experimental and numerical
modeling.
A “Culvert Pipe with Hydro-Powered Generator – Scale Model” can be used to prevent
floods in addition to being a source of renewable energy. The objective of the study is to
discover a remedy for the recurring floods while also providing nearby communities with an
alternative source of energy. Floods are typically caused by heavy rainfall during typhoons, with
the addition of regionally small, constrained rivers that are unable to handle the water volume
during storms or typhoons. The findings of this study may aid the residents of flood-prone
municipalities in coping with floods and the need for renewable energy today.
4
Statement of the Problem
The “Culvert Pipe with Hydro-Powered Generator – Scale Model” study was conducted
1. How does Culvert Pipe with Hydro-Powered Generator – Scale Model be described in
terms of:
a. materials used
b. appearance
c. cost-benefit analysis
2. How does the Culvert Pipe with Hydro-Powered Generator – Scale Model be described
in terms of:
The main source of energy in this study, named "Culvert Pipe with Hydro-Powered
Generator – Scale Model," is water. To make this a unique project, it would only be done using
water as a power source. The energy from the water will be stored in the battery. Due to the
recent rainy weather, culvert pipes with hydroelectric generators are in high demand, particularly
because inclement weather has caused flash floods in many regions. It is the most popular
drainage feature. This style of culvert is particularly popular due to its low cost and ease of
installation. Pipe culverts come in a variety of shapes, including round, elliptical, and pipe arch.
Culvert pipe can be made to any required strength by using the right blend design,
thickness, and reinforcement. Economical Simple to set up Culvert pipe can withstand significant
tensile and compressive forces. Culvert pipes provide a continuous surface over the pipe since
they do not create obstructions in the way. The culvert pipe may prevent flooding every time it
rains, and it also creates electricity due to the turbine inside. When there is a brownout on your
property, the generator's energy can be utilized. And the generator has its own waterproof shelf,
discharge of toxic gas, which is known as crown corrosion. The Culvert Pipe with Hydro-
Powered Generator – Scale Model cannot be used every summer day since we can only use our
product while it is raining or water sources. The generator's ability to carry the most electricity is
also limited.
6
Hypothesis
The “Culvert Pipe with Hydro-Powered Generator – Scale Model” aims the following:
NULL
1. The Culvert Pipe with Hydro-Powered Generator – Scale Model cannot be made using
2. The Culvert Pipe with Hydro-Powered Generator – Scale Model can’t be described in
terms of:
a. materials used
c. appearance
f. cost-benefit
3. The benefits from the electricity generated by Culvert Pipe with Hydro-Powered
Generator – Scale Model cannot provide electricity without burning any fuel or polluting
the air.
ALTERNATIVE
1. The Culvert Pipe with Hydro-Powered Generator – Scale Model can be made using
2. The Culvert Pipe with Hydro-Powered Generator – Scale Model can be described in
terms of:
a. materials used
f. cost-benefit
3. The benefits from the electricity generated by Culvert Pipe with Hydro-Powered
Generator - Scale Model can provides electricity without burning any fuel or polluting
the air.
8
Significance of the Study
This study hopes to help the community in times of calamity, particularly on typhoons.
Each one of the barangays in Peñaranda can have 1 or more of this “Culvert Pipe with
Hydro-Powered Generator – Scale Model”, This device helps the community to reduce the
Every farmer or person living in the highlands without access to electricity can utilize this
every time they water their crops to help produce electricity for lighting, fans, or to power their
water generators.
People who live in rural areas has been experiencing a hard time because of flash floods
that can even last for a few days after a typhoon strikes, but with this device we intended to help
these people to have a great use of this particularly called "problem" and turn it into electricity
The success of this study serves as a result of our dedication to help out the community
9
DEFINITION OF TERMS
PVC Pipe – a type of plastic used for pipes that carry water and for many other products.
Generator Water – technical solutions that convert seawater, well or polluted industrial water
Shut-off Valve – designed to safely stop or continue the flow of hazardous fluids or external
gases.
Battery Pack - A battery pack is a set of any number of (preferably) identical batteries or
individual battery cells. They may be configured in a series, parallel or a mixture of both to
Filter - a type of water purification using a rigid or flexible screen to separate sand and other fine
Storage Container – refers to any container that is used to store products, regardless of its size.
Nail – a small metal spike with a broadened flat head, driven typically into wood with a hammer
Reducer Pipe – a pipe fitting that connects a larger pipe to a smaller pipe.
Paint – a colored substance which is spread over a surface and dries to leave a thin decorative or
protective coating.
LED – a light-emitting diode (a semiconductor diode which glows when a voltage is applied).
Car Charger – a power supply device that supplies electrical power for recharging plug-in
electric vehicles.
Water Pump – an electromechanical machine used to increase the pressure of water to move it
Elbow Pipe – a pipe fitting installed between two lengths of pipe or tubing to allow a change of
Teflon Tape – a brand name for a type of plastic that is very smooth and does not have chemical
On/Off switch – when its function is to open or close an electrical circuit in a stable manner.
Motorcycle Gas Pipe - strong, durable, and lightweight pipes, often made from high-density
polyethylene.
11
METHODOLOGY
This study represents the method to be utilized—the techniques adopted in gathering data
The materials used to build the “Culvert Pipe with Hydro-Powered Generator – Scale
Model” are 1 piece of generator water, 1 piece of PVC Pipe, 1 piece of shut-off valve, 1 piece of
battery pack, ½ meter of filter (screen), 1 storage container, 1 piece of plywood, 1 piece of
stikwel 250g, ½ kg of nail finishing #2, 1piece of 1 ½ reducer, 1 can of solvent, 1 can of 1 liter
paint, 1 piece of 2½ adapter pipe, 1 piece of 1.8 PVC blue, 1 piece of 250g vulcaseal, Led lights,
Car charger, 1 piece of 12V pump, 1 piece of elbow, 1 piece of teflon tape, 1 piece of on/off
The first part in this study is to gather all the necessary materials needed in building the
scale model of the “Culvert Pipe with Hydro-Powered Generator – Scale Model”. These
materials are a water generator assembly which was readily available in the market, a 2” pipe
that will serve as the culvert pipe, a filter screen, a battery assembly, a shut-off valve or a gate
valve and a kilo of cement which will be used to construct the canal model.
The pipe design should allow the water to flow in one direction and able to flow with a
high flowrate. The canal can direct to the culvert pipe in a 30-degree angle orientation and the
culvert pipe should be near the angle of 90-degree to maximize the flowrate.
The generator assembly’s turbine converts the kinetic energy from the flowing water into
a mechanical energy that drives the shaft that is connected to the main generator that converts the
into the canal, the water will then be filtered before going into the pipe that has an installed
generator to produce electricity. The flow can be controlled by the shut-off valve. Electricity
performance, it is necessary to have spare parts available so that in the event of a breakdown,
you can quickly resolve the problem and get the product back in working order.
In order to avoid any accidents, only use equipment for what it was intended for.
Make sure that the parts or materials to be installed are correct to avoid technical
difficulties.
When performing this study, call a helping hand or a professional to avoid any dangerous
errors.
To be able to know if the product is truly beneficial and effective, it will undergo some
test to avoid failure and to see if there are things that can or need to be considered and improved.
Test 1: Check if the mini water turbine can power the product by itself.
Test 2: How many hour/s the product needs to run to generate electricity.
which can be useful during heavy rains or storms to prevent flooding. In addition, it can be a
source of renewable energy. After the study was formulated, observation and testing were used
to ensure safety, avoid delays, and so that issues could be quickly addressed.
15
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
1. How does Culvert Pipe with Hydro-Powered Generator – Scale Model be described in
terms of:
a. Materials used.
MATERIALS QUANTITY
PVC Pipe 1
Generator Water 1
Shut-off Valve 1
Battery Pack 1
Filter 1
Storage Container 2
Plyboard 1
Stikwel 1
Nail ½ kg
Pipe Reducer 1
Solvent PVC 1
Paint 1
Adapter Pipe 1
PVC Blue 1
Vulcaseal 1
LED Lights 2
Car Charger 1
Water Pump 1
Elbow Pipe 1
Teflon Tape 1
On/Off switch 1
Motorcycle Gas Pipe 1
16
Table 1. Shows the materials needed to make a Culvert Pipe with Hydro-Powered
b. Appearance
Table 2. Appearance
Length Width
1 meter 60 meter
Table 2. Shows the appearance of Culvert Pipe with Hydro-Powered Generator – Scale
Model.
c. Cost-Benefit Analysis
2. How does the Culvert Pipe with Hydro-Powered Generator – Scale Model be described
in terms of:
In the actual application, it can be used for around 8-10 years with good maintenance.
The product needs to run for about 10 - 15 minutes before it can finally generate
electricity. 18
c.) Amount of force/pressure needed to make the turbine work and spin.
This product can use running water from your tap water outlets in your house to generate,
Every device or appliance that needs a minimum of 12volts to function can be used with
220v AC voltage.
19
APPENDICES
Figure 3. PVC Pipe Figure 4. Generator Water Figure 5. Shut-off Valve
Figure 11. Reducer Figure 12. Solvent PVC Figure 13. Paint
20
APPENDICES
Figure 14. Adapter Pipe Figure 15. PVC Blue Figure 16. Car Charger
Figure 17. LED Lights Figure 18. On/Off Switch Figure 19. Motorcycle
Gas Pipe
21
APPENDICES
Figure 20. Culvert Pipe with Hydro- Figure 21. Culvert Pipe with Hydro-
powered Generator Product powered Generator Product
22
APPENDICES
23
APPENDICES
Figure 37. Science Congress 2024 Figure 38. Science Congress 2024
Figure 39. Science Congress 2024 Figure 40. Science Congress 2024
25
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the design of the Culvert Pipe with Hydro-Powered Generator – Scale
Model presents a promising solution to address flooding and provide renewable energy in flood-
prone areas. By diverting water through a mini pipe and utilizing a turbine, the energy of the
flowing water can be harnessed and used as electricity for communities nearby. The use of a
suitable turbine, such as a Generator water turbine for low to medium head applications, ensures
optimal efficiency. A shut-off valve allows control of water flow which will be useful in certain
occasions, and a generator synchronizes with the turbine to convert the mechanical energy into
electrical energy. A battery pack that serves as a storage solution for the generated electricity.
While designing the Culvert Pipe with Hydro-Powered Generator – Scale Model, it is
essential to address social and ethical constraints. Additionally, ensuring fair access to the
electricity generated by the mini pipe through transparency and fairness is crucial.
Environmental constraints, such as alterations to natural water flow which will affect
communities nearby, should be considered. Proper management and design features, such as
closing the pipe when water supply is needed by the local communities, can help minimize
environmental impacts. Enough safety measures, and ongoing risk assessments are essential to
ensure the safety of the areas. By addressing these constraints and considerations, Culvert Pipe
with Hydro-Powered Generator – Scale Model can serve as effective solutions for flood control
and renewable energy generation, benefiting both the community and the environment.
26
RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the proceeding results and discussion to furthermore improve the study, the
4. Other substitute materials to keep costs down while taking people's wellbeing into account.
27
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Websites:
Canal Plus: These Tiny Turbines Can Turn Man-Made Waterways Into Power Plants | GE
turbines-can-turn-man-made-waterways-into-miniature-power-plants
https://www.ijraset.com/research-paper/microhydel-canal-based-hydroelectrical-energy-
generation-plant
Journal:
Khan, A. A., Shahzad, A., Hayat, I., & Miah, M. S. (2016). Recovery of flow conditions for
optimum electricity generation through micro hydro turbines. Renewable Energy, 96,
940–948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.05.052
Kamran, M., Asghar, R., Mudassar, M., & Abid, M. I. (2019). Designing and economic aspects
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.03.126
Gensler, D., & Kinzli, K.-D. (2013). Examining the Feasibility of Hydropower Generation in
Irrigation Canals: Middle Rio Grande Conservancy District. Journal of Irrigation and
4774.0000548
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Intriago Zambrano, J. C., Michavila, J., Arenas Pinilla, E., Diehl, J. C., & Ertsen, M. W. (2019).
Miguel Crespo Chacón, J.A. Rodríguez Díaz, Jorge García Morillo, & Aonghus McNabola.
for flow prediction and pump as turbine selection. Renewable Energy, 147, 1728–1738.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.09.119
Adhau, S. P., Moharil, R. M., & Adhau, P. G. (2012). Mini-hydro power generation on existing
irrigation projects: Case study of Indian sites. Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Kumano, T., Matsunawa, K., & Nishiyama, R. (2018). Experimental Test and Feasibility Study
Baratov, R., & Pirmatov, N. (2020). Low - speed generator with permanent magnets and
additional windings in the rotor for small power wind plants and micro hydro power
plants. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 883, 012183.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/883/1/012183
Jaeger, R., Tondera, K., Pather, S., Porter, M., Jacobs, C., & Tindale, N. (2019). Flow Control in
Culverts: A Performance Comparison between Inlet and Outlet Control. Water, 11(7),
1408. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11071408
Karimpour, S., Gohari, S., & Yasi, M. (2020). Experimental and numerical investigation
of blockage effects on flows in a culvert. Journal of Hydraulics, 15(2), 1–14.
https://doi.org/10.30482/jhyd.2020.211670.1425
29
CURRICULUM VITAE
NICKNAME: Thea/Alva
ADDRESS: Purok 4, Callos Peñaranda Nueva Ecija
AGE: 16
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
NICKNAME: Ella/Uwe
ADDRESS: Purok 2, Callos Peñaranda Nueva Ecija
AGE: 16
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
NICKNAME: Ann/Lian
AGE: 16
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
NICKNAME: Mariz
AGE: 15
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
AMBITION: To be an Agriculturist
33
CURRICULUM VITAE
NICKNAME: Lorin
AGE: 16
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
AMBITION: To be an Cardiologist
34
CURRICULUM VITAE
NICKNAME: Tonto
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
ELEMENTARY: Placio del Mundo Elementary School & Callos Elementary School
AMBITION: To be an Policeman