In Addition to Extracting Phase and Amplitude From the CSI Data
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metadel addisIn Addition to Extracting Phase and Amplitude From the CSI Data
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metadel addisComment 3:
In addition to extracting phase and amplitude from the CSI data, we implemented different
preprocessing techniques to enhance data quality. One of the key steps in handling outliers was
the Nonlinear Amplitude and Phase Removal method, which addresses hardware-induced
distortions in CSI measurements. These distortions introduce nonlinear variations in amplitude
and phase, leading to inconsistencies. To mitigate these distortions, we followed a structured
process.
First, we conducted baseline data collection by capturing a reference dataset using a coaxial
cable connection. This setup eliminated environmental multipath effects, allowing us to establish
a baseline for identifying systematic nonlinear distortions introduced by the hardware. Next, we
performed error template extraction by analyzing deviations from the expected flat amplitude
response and linear phase progression. From this analysis, we derived nonlinear amplitude and
phase variations, which were stored as an error template representing hardware-specific biases in
CSI measurements.
Finally, during real-time correction, we refined the collected CSI data by dividing the measured
amplitude values by the stored nonlinear amplitude template and subtracting the extracted
nonlinear phase distortions from the raw phase values. This process effectively removed
systematic hardware-induced errors, ensuring that the refined CSI data accurately represented the
true signal characteristics. By implementing this preprocessing step, we mitigated extreme
deviations in phase and amplitude that could otherwise be considered outliers. Additionally, we
employed interpolation techniques to handle missing data, further enhancing the consistency
and reliability of the processed CSI measurements.
In our study, we implemented several preprocessing techniques to ensure the accuracy and
consistency of the CSI data by verifying normalization. One of the primary methods we used was
Nonlinear Amplitude and Phase Removal technique by comparing the processed CSI amplitude-
frequency and phase-frequency characteristics with an ideal flat and linear response,
respectively. The effectiveness of this normalization was confirmed by observing a significant
reduction in systematic distortions errors, ensuring that the refined CSI data maintained its true
physical characteristics of both amplitude and phase value. Additionally, we employed Radio
Chain Offset (RCO) correction to address phase inconsistencies among transceiver antenna
pairs. RCO arises due to random phase fluctuations that occur when the network interface card
(NIC) is powered on, introducing biases in CSI phase measurements. Since RCO remains stable
over consecutive packets, we developed a method to mitigate its effects by subtracting phase
values obtained during subsequent measurements from the initial phase reference. This technique
successfully reduced the impact of phase distortions, leading to more stable and uniform CSI
phase data. By applying this correction, we ensured that phase values were normalized across
different packets, improving the accuracy of angle-of-arrival (AoA) and time-of-flight (ToF)
estimations.
To further enhance the reliability of CSI data, we implemented Central Frequency Offset
(CFO) correction to account for frequency desynchronization between the transmitter and
receiver. CFO introduces an unwanted frequency shift in CSI measurements, affecting both
amplitude and phase characteristics. To counteract this, we incorporated multiple High
Throughput-Long Training Fields (HT-LTFs) within Wi-Fi frames, allowing us to analyze the
phase differences induced by CFO over a fixed time interval (Δt = 4μs, as per the 802.11
standard). This approach enabled us to estimate and compensate for CFO, effectively aligning
frequency characteristics across all subcarriers. By applying this correction, we eliminated
frequency-dependent distortions, ensuring that CSI data remained accurate and consistent.
Together, these normalization techniques significantly improved the quality of the CSI data,
making it more robust for subsequent signal processing tasks such as localization and human
activity recognition.
Comment 5:
Impact of Syntactic Data on model performance
Accuracy
Scenario Target LSTM GRU LSTM-GRU LSTM-BIGRU
Real CSI data only Activity 74.55 74.84 80.43 64.75
Location 47.09 55.59 59.94 41.15
Real+Synthetic Activity 96.45 97.98 99.40 99.81
(CTGAN)
Location 88.48 90.19 97.84 98.93
The graph showcases the performance of our model when trained on both real CSI data and a
combination of real CSI data with syntactic data. The results demonstrate that the inclusion of
syntactic data significantly improves the accuracy of activity and location predictions. This
finding validates the effectiveness of our proposed model in accurately predicting and estimating
activity and location when CTGAN syntactic data is added to real CSI data.
