Greece: A Land of Timeless Beauty and Rich History

The Legacy of Ancient Greece

Greece, a country nestled in the southeastern corner of Europe, is a land of breathtaking
landscapes, deep cultural heritage, and ancient history. From its sun-kissed islands to its
magnificent historical ruins, Greece captivates travelers with its timeless charm. The blue waters
of the Aegean and Ionian Seas, the towering mountains, and the rich traditions of Greek
hospitality make this country an unforgettable destination.
Greece is often considered the cradle of Western civilization. The ideas of democracy,
philosophy, and artistic expression flourished in this land, giving rise to the foundation of
modern governance, ethics, and intellectual thought. The contributions of Greece to science,
mathematics, and literature are immeasurable, with scholars such as Pythagoras, Aristotle, and
Homer leaving an enduring legacy. Today, visitors can experience this ancient heritage firsthand
by walking through the ruins of once-thriving cities, standing before grand temples, and
marveling at timeless sculptures and artwork.
The Wonders of Athens
One of the most iconic aspects of Greece is its deep connection to ancient civilization. Athens,
the capital, is a living museum that tells the story of one of the greatest empires in history. The
Acropolis, an architectural marvel, stands tall with its famous Parthenon, a temple dedicated to
Athena, the goddess of wisdom. Walking through its ancient ruins, one can almost hear echoes of
philosophers like Socrates and Plato, who once debated profound ideas that shaped Western
civilization.
Athens is not only a gateway to the past but also a vibrant modern city. It boasts bustling
markets, world-class museums, and lively neighborhoods filled with music, food, and cultural
events. The Plaka district, with its charming cobblestone streets and neoclassical houses,
transports visitors to another era. The National Archaeological Museum, home to an extensive
collection of artifacts, provides a deeper understanding of Greece’s rich past. From its historical
sites to its contemporary urban energy, Athens seamlessly blends the old and the new.
The Enchanting Greek Islands
Beyond the grandeur of Athens, Greece offers an array of stunning landscapes. The Greek
islands, numbering over 6,000, are jewels scattered across the sea. Santorini, with its
whitewashed houses and blue-domed churches, offers breathtaking views of the caldera, formed
by a volcanic eruption thousands of years ago. Mykonos, known for its vibrant nightlife and
charming windmills, attracts visitors seeking both relaxation and excitement. Crete, the largest
island, is a treasure trove of history, home to the ancient Minoan civilization and the famous
Palace of Knossos.
Each island has its own unique character and charm. Rhodes, with its medieval Old Town and
ancient ruins, is a blend of history and beauty. Corfu, known for its lush landscapes and Venetian
influences, offers a different yet equally captivating experience. Naxos, less commercialized than
some of its counterparts, provides serene beaches and a deep-rooted local culture. Whether
seeking adventure, tranquility, or cultural exploration, the Greek islands offer something for
everyone.
The Natural Beauty of the Mainland
The natural beauty of Greece extends beyond its islands. The mainland is adorned with rugged
mountains, lush valleys, and pristine beaches. Mount Olympus, the mythical home of the Greek
gods, rises majestically and invites hikers to explore its scenic trails. The Meteora monasteries,
perched atop towering rock formations, offer a serene retreat where spirituality and nature
coexist in harmony. The crystal-clear waters of Navagio Beach in Zakynthos provide a perfect
setting for those seeking tranquility and picturesque landscapes.
Greece’s natural wonders extend to its gorges, lakes, and rivers. The Vikos Gorge in Epirus is
one of the deepest in the world and a paradise for hikers. The Peloponnesian region, rich in
history, is also home to lush forests, caves, and waterfalls. The Prespa Lakes, bordering Albania
and North Macedonia, are an oasis for wildlife and a haven for birdwatchers. Whether exploring
the high peaks of Pindus or the golden shores of Halkidiki, Greece’s diverse geography offers
endless opportunities for outdoor enthusiasts.
A Culinary Delight
Greek culture is as rich as its landscapes. The country’s cuisine is a delight for the senses,
featuring dishes that have been passed down for generations. From the savory flavors of
moussaka and souvlaki to the sweetness of baklava and loukoumades, Greek food is a testament
to the country’s love for fresh ingredients and traditional recipes. Olive oil, a staple of Greek
cuisine, is often referred to as “liquid gold” and is a symbol of the Mediterranean diet.
Beyond the well-known dishes, Greece offers a vast array of regional specialties. The seafood of
the Aegean is renowned for its freshness, while the mountainous regions serve hearty dishes such
as lamb stew and wild greens. Mezedes, small appetizer plates, encourage communal dining and
conversation. The country’s wine culture, dating back thousands of years, is flourishing today,
with vineyards producing world-class varieties such as Assyrtiko and Agiorgitiko. Dining in
Greece is not just about sustenance—it is a celebration of life, love, and tradition.
The Warmth of Greek Hospitality
The warmth and hospitality of the Greek people add to the country's allure. Known as
“philoxenia,” or love for strangers, Greek hospitality is deeply rooted in tradition. Visitors are
often welcomed with open arms, offered a meal, and treated as family. Festivals and celebrations
are an integral part of Greek life, with vibrant music, traditional dances, and lively gatherings
that showcase the nation’s joyful spirit.
Greek hospitality extends to its numerous cultural events and traditions. The country’s religious
festivals, such as Easter, are marked by grand feasts, candle-lit processions, and joyous music.
The local panigiria (village festivals) offer an authentic glimpse into Greece’s spirited communal
celebrations, often featuring live music, folk dances, and delicious food. Visitors leaving Greece
often take with them not only memories of its scenic beauty but also of the warmth and kindness
of its people.
A Timeless Journey
Greece is more than just a country; it is a timeless journey through history, nature, and culture.
Whether exploring ancient ruins, basking in the golden sunlight on an island, or indulging in
delicious cuisine, Greece leaves an indelible mark on the heart. It is a land where the past and
present seamlessly intertwine, creating a destination that continues to inspire and enchant all who
visit. From the legendary tales of gods and heroes to the breathtaking sights and unforgettable
experiences, Greece remains an eternal wonder waiting to be explored.
1. What is Greece often considered to be the cradle of?
a) Industrial Revolution
b) Western Civilization
c) Medieval Europe
d) The Roman Empire
2. Which ancient Greek philosopher is NOT mentioned in the essay?
a) Socrates
b) Aristotle
c) Plato
d) Confucius
3. What is the Parthenon dedicated to?
a) Zeus, the king of gods
b) Poseidon, the god of the sea
c) Athena, the goddess of wisdom
d) Apollo, the god of the sun
4. Which district in Athens is known for its charming cobblestone streets and neoclassical
houses?
a) Monastiraki
b) Plaka
c) Kolonaki
d) Omonia
5. What is Santorini famous for?
a) Its medieval castles
b) Its blue-domed churches and whitewashed houses
c) Its ancient Roman ruins
d) Its large modern skyscrapers
6. Which Greek island is known for its vibrant nightlife and iconic windmills?
a) Crete
b) Mykonos
c) Corfu
d) Rhodes
7. Mount Olympus is famous for being:
a) The site of the first Olympic Games
b) The home of the Greek gods
c) The largest volcano in Greece
d) A medieval fortress
8. The Meteora monasteries are unique because they are:
a) Built underground
b) Located in the middle of the Aegean Sea
 c) Perched atop towering rock formations
d) Constructed from marble
9. What is “liquid gold” in Greek cuisine?
a) Olive oil
b) Honey
c) Ouzo
d) Lemon juice
10. Which Greek dish is a layered casserole made with eggplant, minced meat, and béchamel
sauce?
a) Souvlaki
b) Moussaka
c) Tzatziki
d) Dolmades
11. What does the Greek term “philoxenia” mean?
a) Love for strangers
b) Fear of travel
c) Love for the sea
d) Hospitality for locals only
12. Which Greek festival is one of the most widely celebrated, marked by candle-lit
processions and grand feasts?
a) Christmas
b) Easter
c) Independence Day
d) New Year’s Eve
VOCABULARY:
WORDS MEANING
Đổ xuống, chảy xối xả
Người di cư, cộng đồng di cư
Bền vững, có thể duy trì
Sôi động, đầy sức sống
Yên bình, thanh thản
Không thể phai mờ
Sự bùng nổ, đa dạng
Mọng nước, ngon lành
Khó tìm, khó nắm bắt
Dồi dào, phong phú

WORDS MEANING
Cradle (N) Cái nôi
Indelible (Adj) Không thể xóa nhòa
 Eternal (Adj) Bất diệt
Communal (Adj) Mang tính cộng đồng
Retreat (N) Nơi ẩn náu, nghỉ dưỡng

1. Greece is often considered the __________________________ of Western civilization.

2. The Meteora monasteries provide a peaceful ________________________ for those seeking
solitude.
3. Greek meals are often a ___________________________________ experience, bringing
families and friends together.
4. The breathtaking beauty of Greece leaves an _____________________________ mark on
every traveler’s heart.
5. The legends of Greek gods and heroes make Greece an _________________________
wonder.

GRAMMAR:
1. Thì Quá khứ đơn
a. Cách dùng
Cách dùng Ví dụ

Diễn tả hành động hay sự việc đã xảy ra và kết I met her last summer.
thúc tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ. (Tôi đã gặp cô ấy vào mùa hè năm ngoái.)

Diễn tả hành động thường làm hay quen làm She often went swimming every day last year.
trong quá khứ. (Năm ngoái mỗi ngày cô ấy thường đi bơi.)
b. Cấu trúc của thì quá khứ đơn
➢ Với động từ “to be” (was/ were)
Thể khẳng định Thể phủ định

I/ He/ She/ It/ I/ He/ She/ It/ was not/

was
Danh từ số ít Danh từ số ít wasn’t
+ danh từ/
+ danh từ/ tính từ
tính từ
You/ We/ They/ You/ We/ They/ were not/
were
Danh từ số nhiều Danh từ số nhiều weren’t
Ví dụ:
Ví dụ:
-He was tired. (Anh ấy đã rất mệt.) -They
were in the room. - He wasn’t at school yesterday. (Hôm qua anh ấy
(Họ đã ở trong phòng.) đã không ở trường.)
-They weren’t in the park.(Họ đã không ở trong
công viên.)

Thể nghi vấn Câu trả lời ngắn

I/ He/ She/ It/ Yes, I/ He/ She/ It/ was

Was
Danh từ số ít No, Danh từ số ít wasn’t
+ danh từ/ tính từ
You/ We/ They/ Yes, You/ We/ They/ were
Were
Danh từ số nhiều No, Danh từ số nhiều weren’t

Ví dụ:
Were they tired yesterday? (Hôm qua họ đã mệt phải không?)
Yes, they were./No, they weren’t.
Was he at home? (Anh ấy đã ở nhà phải không?)
Yes, he was./ No, he wasn’t.

• Lưu ý: Khi chủ ngữ trong câu hỏi là “you” (bạn) thì câu trả Iời phải dùng “I”(tôi) để đáp lại.

➢ Với động từ thường (Verb/V)

Thể khẳng định Thể phủ định

I/ You/ We/ They/ I/ You/ We/ They/ Danh từ số

Danh từ số nhiều nhiều
+ did not/
+ V_ed + V nguyên mẫu
didn’t
He/ She/ It/ Danh
He/ She/ It/ Danh từ số ít
từ số ít

Ví dụ: Ví dụ:
-She went to school yesterday - My mother didn’t buy me a new computer last year.
(Hôm qua cô ấy đã đi học.) (Năm ngoái mẹ tôi đã không mua cho tôi một chiếc máy tính mới.)
- He worked in this bank last - He didn’t meet me last night. (Anh ta đã không tới gặp tôi tối qua.)
year.
- Mr Nam didn’t watch TV with me. (Ông Nam đã không xem TV
(Năm ngoái anh ấy đã
với tôi)
làm việc ở ngân hàng này.)
 Thể nghi vấn Câu trả lời ngắn

I/ You/ We/ They/ I/ You/ We/ They/

Yes, did
Danh từ số nhiều Danh từ số nhiều
Did + V nguyên mẫu
He/ She/ It/ Danh He/ She/ It/ Danh từ
No, didn’t
từ số ít số ít

Ví dụ:
Did she work there? (Có phải cô ấy làm việc ở đó không?)
Yes, she did./ No, she didn’t.
Did you go to Hanoi last month? (Có phải bạn đã đi Hà Nội tháng trước không?)
Yes, I did./ No, Ididn’t.

c. Dấu hiệu nhận biết

Trong câu ở thì hiện tại đơn thường có sự xuất hiện của các trạng từ chỉ thời gian như:
-yesterday(hôm qua)
-last night/week/month/...(Tối qua/tuần trước/tháng trước..)
-ago (cách đây), (two hours ago:cách đây 2 giờ/two weeks ago:cách đây 2 ngày...)
-in + thời gian trong quá khứ (e.g: in 1990)
-when: khi (trong câu kể)

2. Thì Quá khứ hoàn thành

Cấu trúc
(+) S + had + Vpll (past participle).
(-) S + had not/ hadn’t + VplI.
(?) Had + S + Vpll?
→ Yes, S + had./ No, S + hadn’t.

Ví dụ
(+) I had left when they came. (Khi họ đến thì tôi đã rời đi rồi.)
(-) I hadn’t left when they came. (Khi họ đến thì tôi đã không rời đi.)
(?) Had you left when they came? (Khi họ đến, bạn đã rời đi rồi à?)
Had you not left when they came? (Khi họ đến, bạn đã không rời đi à?)
Hadn’t you left when they came?(Khi họ đến, bạn đã không rời đi à?)
 Cách dùng

-Diễn tả một hành động đã được hoàn tất trước một hành đông khác trong quá khứ.
Ví dụ: He had left the house before she came.
-Diễn ra một hành động đã được hoàn tất trước một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.
Ví dụ: We had had lunch by two o’clock yesterday.
By the age of 25, he had written two famous novels.

Dấu hiệu
by + thời gian trong quá khứ before, after, when, by the time, as soon as, as....
nhận biết

Bài 1: Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc ở thì Quá khứ đơn hoặc Quá khứ hoàn
thành.
1. She (feel) __________________________ sick after she (eat) _____________ a whole box
of chocolates.
2. After the doctor (examine) _____________ the child he (have) _____________ a talk with
the mother.
3. When I (call) _____________ on my friend, he (go) _____________ out.
4. Mary (finish) _____________ her homework when herfather (come) _____________ home
from his office.
5. I (throw) __________________ away the newspaper after I (read) ________________ it.
6. After she (spend) _________________ all her money she (ask) ________________ her
father to help her.
7. The teacher (give) _______________ back the exercise books after he (correct)
_________________ them.
8. The sun (rise) __________________ when the farmer (start) _________________ work.
Bài 2: Điền T (True) nếu mỗi câu sau đúng, hoặc F (False) nếu câu sai và sửa lại cho đúng.
1. I have been in Mexico during the summer of 1970. ______________________
2. Mary had prepared dinner when I arrived, so we were able to eat immediately.
_____________
3. Three years ago he had been a student at a university in California. _____________
4. We have collected stamps for many years. _____________
5. We took the bus downtown, did a few errands, and had gone to lunch. _____________
6. Since he bought a new car, he has been driving to work every day. _____________
7. Last night they have recognized us from the party we went to earlier in the week.
_____________
8. Since Ted graduated, he has been working with his father. _____________
9. The doctor had seen ten patientssince eight o’clock this morning. _____________
10. He is studying English forthe last five years. _____________
Bài 3: Khoanh tròn vào phương án đúng.
1. Everything is going well. We didn’t have / haven’t had any problems so far.
2. Margaret didn’t go / hasn’t gone to work yesterday.
3. Your son is much taller than when I last saw him. He grew / has grown a lot.
4. I still don’t know what to do. I didn’t decide / haven’tdecided yet.
5. Jane had a book open in front of her but she didn’t read / wasn’t reading it.
6. I wasn’t very busy. I didn’t have / wasn’t having much to do.
7. After leaving School, Tim found / has found it very difficult to get a job.
8. When Sue heard the news, she wasn’t / hasn’t been very pleased.
9. Ann has gone out. — oh, has she? What time did she go / has she gone?
10. I’d like to see Tina again. It’s a long time since I saw her /that I didn’t see her.