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Assessing the Performance of Python Data Visualization Libraries: A Review

Article in International Journal of Computer Engineering in Research Trends · January 2023

DOI: 10.22362/ijcert/2023/v10/i01/v10i0104

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 International Journal of Computer Engineering in Research Trends
Multidisciplinary, Open Access, Peer-Reviewed and fully refereed
Review Paper Volume-10, Issue-1,2023 Regular Edition E-ISSN: 2349-7084

Assessing the Performance of Python Data

Visualization Libraries: A Review
Addepalli Lavanya 1, Lokhande Gaurav 2, Sakinam Sindhuja 3, Hussain Seam 4,
Mookerjee Joydeep 5, Vamsi Uppalapati 6, Waqas Ali 7 and Vidya Sagar S.D 8

1
Universidad Politécnica De Valencia, Valencia, Spain
2
Modern Education Society's College of Engineering, Pune, India
3
Independent Researcher, India
4
Minhaj University Lahore, Pakistan
5
ICFAI, Jharkhand, India
6
Tata Main Hospital, Jamshedpur, India
7
School of Information Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
8
Kuvempu University, Karnataka, India

*Corresponding Author: Corresponding Author: Lavanya, A. | [email protected]

Available online at: https://www.ijcert.org/

Received:12/10/2022, Revised: 16/11/2022, Accepted: 21/01/2023, Published: 25/01/2023

Abstract: Python is one of the most widely used programming languages for data analysis, visualization, and
machine learning. One of Python's key strengths is its rich library ecosystem that provides powerful data
visualization tools. Several Python data visualization libraries have emerged in recent years, making it challenging
for data analysts and scientists to choose the right library for their visualization needs. Therefore, this research
paper aims to assess the performance of Python data visualization libraries and comprehensively review their
strengths and limitations. The research paper begins by providing an overview of the most popular Python data
visualization libraries, including Matplotlib, Seaborn, Plotly, Bokeh, Altair, and ggplot. We then evaluate each
library's performance in terms of its functionality, ease of use, flexibility, and speed.. Additionally, we assess the
visual quality of the plots produced by each library and compare them to industry standards. We evaluate the
performance of each library by testing them on various datasets and use cases, including large and small
datasets, static and interactive visualizations, and different plot types, such as scatter plots, line plots, bar charts,
and heatmaps. Our findings suggest that each library has unique strengths and limitations, making choosing one
library that fits all visualization needs difficult. However, Matplotlib, Seaborn, and Plotly are the most popular and
widely used Python data visualization libraries, each with unique strengths. Matplotlib is a powerful and flexible
library that offers a broad range of plotting options, making it ideal for creating complex and customized plots.
Seaborn is a high-level library that simplifies the plotting process by providing a consistent interface and easy-to-
use functions. Plotly is an interactive visualization library offering rich features for creating web-based
visualizations and dashboards. We also find that Bokeh, Altair, and ggplot are less popular but offer unique
features and functionality. Bokeh is a library for creating interactive visualizations and dashboards, while Altair is a
declarative visualization library that simplifies the plotting process by enabling users to create plots using a simple
and intuitive syntax. ggplot is a library that offers a grammar of graphics approach to plotting, making it ideal for
users familiar with the R programming language. Overall, this research paper provides a comprehensive review of

© 2023, IJCERT All Rights Reserved https://doi.org/10.22362/ijcert/2023/v10/i01/v10i0104 28

Addepalli Lavanya, Lokhande Gaurav, Sakinam Sindhuja, Hussain Seam, Mookerjee Joydeep, Vamsi Uppalapati, Waqas
Ali and Vidya Sagar S.D(2023).Assessing the Performance of Python Data Visualization Libraries: A Review .
International Journal of Computer Engineering In Research Trends, 10(1), pp. 29–39.

the most popular Python data visualization libraries and their performance in terms of functionality, ease of use,
flexibility, and speed. The findings of this research can help data analysts and scientists choose the a good library
for their visualization needs to be based on their specific requirements. Additionally, this research paper can
provide a starting point for future research on improving the performance and functionality of Python data
visualization libraries.

Keywords: Python, Data Visualization, Performance, Li- braries, Review

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------
1. Introduction research on improving the performance and functionality of
Python data visualization libraries.
Data visualization is an essential tool for data In summary, this review paper aims to assess the
analysis, al- lowing data analysts and scientists to explore performance of Python data visualization libraries and
and communicate data insights effectively. Python has comprehensively review their strengths and limitations. The
become one of the most widely used programming evaluation will be based on functionality, ease of use,
languages for data analysis, data visualization, and machine flexibility, speed, and visual quality. The six most popular
learning due to its rich library ecosystem that provides Python data visualization libraries to be reviewed in this
powerful tools for data visualization. Several Python data research paper include Matplotlib, Seaborn, Plotly, Bokeh,
visualization libraries have emerged recently, providing Altair, and ggplot. The findings of this research paper will
various options for data analysts and scientists [1]. be useful for data analysts and scientists who use Python for
However, this abundance of options has made it data analysis and visualization and can serve as a starting
challenging to choose the right library for their visualization point for future research.
needs, leading to the need for a comprehensive review of The structure of the paper consists of the following
these libraries [2]. This research paper aims to assess the sections: the first section introduces the topic of python
performance of Python data visualization libraries and packages used for data visualization; section two provides a
provide a comprehensive review of their strengths and literature review about the usability of the data visualization
limitations. packages; section three elaborates on the type of python
The assessment of the libraries will be based on packages used for data visualization; section four explains
functionality, ease of use, flexibility, speed, and visual the applicative areas the packages; section five concludes
quality. We will evaluate the performance of each library by the paper.
testing them on various datasets and use cases, including
large and small datasets, static and interactive
visualizations, and different plot types, such as scatter plots, 2. Background
line plots, bar charts, and heatmaps [3]. The six most Python is a popular programming language used
popular Python data visualization libraries to be reviewed in extensively in industries, and data visualization is a crucial
this research paper include Matplotlib, Seaborn, Plotly, aspect of data analysis. This literature review aims to
Bokeh, Altair, and ggplot. Matplotlib is a powerful and provide an overview of the usability and application of
flexible library that offers a broad range of plotting options, Python-based data visualization packages in industries. Data
making it ideal for creating complex and customized plots visualization is the graphical representation of information
[4]. Seaborn is a high-level library that simplifies the and data using visual elements like charts, graphs, and maps
plotting process by providing a consistent interface and [1]. It is critical in decision-making processes and used in
easy-to-use functions [5]. Plotly is an interactive various fields such as healthcare, finance, marketing, and
visualization library offering rich features for creating web- more. Python is an ideal choice for data visualization due to
based visualizations and dashboards [6]. Bokeh is a library its numerous visualization libraries [9], [6].
for creating interactive visualizations and dashboards, while Matplotlib is one of the Python community's most
Altair is a declarative visualization library that simplifies popular and widely-used plotting libraries [10]. It is an
the plotting process by enabling users to create plots using a easy-to-use, low-level data visualization library built on
simple and intuitive syntax [7]. Finally, ggplot is a library NumPy arrays. Matplotlib consists of various plots like a
that offers a grammar of graphics approach to plotting, scatter plot, line plot, histogram, etc., providing much
making it ideal for users who are familiar with the R flexibility. It can be used in Python scripts, the Python and
programming language [8]. IPython interactive shells, web application servers, and
The findings of this research paper will be useful other graphical user interface toolkits. Matplotlib is a widely
for data analysts and scientists who use Python for data used data visualization library in Python programming
analysis and visualization, as it will provide insights into the language. It provides extensive options for creating static,
strengths and limitations of each library. Furthermore, this animated, and interactive visualizations [8]. In a
research paper can serve as a starting point for future comparative study of the data science libraries used in

© 2023, IJCERT All Rights Reserved 29

Addepalli Lavanya, Lokhande Gaurav, Sakinam Sindhuja, Hussain Seam, Mookerjee Joydeep, Vamsi Uppalapati, Waqas
Ali and Vidya Sagar S.D(2023).Assessing the Performance of Python Data Visualization Libraries: A Review .
International Journal of Computer Engineering In Research Trends, 10(1), pp. 29–39.

Python Programming Languages, Matplotlib was evaluated based projects. Plotly is a popular open-source data
along with Seaborn for data visualization [11]. Matplotlib visualization library for Python and R that allows for
was also featured in a beginner's toolbox for data interactive and customizable graphs [19]. Several research
visualization using Jupyter Notebook [12]. The power of papers discuss the use and impact of Plotly in data
data visualization lies in its ability to reveal patterns, trends, visualization. One study found that Plotly has the potential
and connections in data that are difficult or impossible to to support decision-making for public health professionals
find otherwise [13]. Matplotlib is considered one of the and summarized the science and evidence regarding data
oldest and most powerful scientific visualization and visualization and its impact on decision-making behaviour
plotting libraries available in Python, allowing for virtually as informed by cognitive processes such as understanding,
any two-dimensional scientific visualization [14]. Overall, a attitude, or perception [20]. Another paper discusses the
significant amount of literature is available on Matplotlib as need for an integrative literature review on data
a tool for data visualization. Researchers and scientists are visualizations, particularly in health and medical contexts,
utilizing Matplotlib for their visualization needs and and analyzes 25 studies across disciplines. The findings
leveraging its capabilities to create publication-quality plots suggest little agreement on the best way to visualize
and customizable visual styles and layouts [5]. complex data for lay audiences, but some emerging
Another popular library for data visualization in effective practices are being developed [21]. A review of
Python is Seaborn, which supports the creation of statistical data visualization techniques found that Plotly is a powerful
graphs [5] . It interfaces well with panda's data frames, and flexible tool for creating interactive visualizations of
provides data mapping onto visualizations, and can large datasets and can be used in conjunction with other
transform the data as part of plot creation. Seaborn has a visualization tools to provide more comprehensive insights
meaningful default theme and offers different colour [22]. The literature suggests that Plotly is a valuable tool for
palettes defined around best practices. Seaborn is a Python data visualization, particularly in the field of public health,
library for creating statistical graphics that integrate closely and has the potential to provide deeper insights into
with panda's data structures and provides a high-level complex datasets. Further research may be needed to
interface to matplotlib. It provides a declarative, dataset- explore the best practices for using Plotly in different
oriented API that makes it easy to translate questions about contexts and audiences.
data into graphics that can answer them. Various research Bokeh is a Python library for creating interactive
papers are available to gain a literature background on visualizations for modern web browsers [23]. It supports a
Seaborn data visualization. One such paper provides an wide range of common visualization types, and its
overview of Seaborn and its capabilities as a tool for data interactive features allow users to explore data and gain
visualization. The paper highlights the benefits of using insights in real time. Bokeh can create standalone HTML
Seaborn to create visualizations that can help answer documents or be embedded in larger web applications.
questions about data and presents examples of how Seaborn Bokeh is a popular open-source Python library used for
can be used to create different types of plots [15]. Another interactive data visualization. Searching for literature
research paper presents the statistical visualization of the background from research papers about Bokeh data
bivariate distribution of a collected dataset using Seaborn. visualization returns several results. One paper discusses
The paper discusses using Seaborn to create box charts and how the demand for data visualization is becoming
how the library can visualize different types of data increasingly urgent, and Bokeh is one of the many powerful
distributions [16]. A third research paper provides a detailed instruments invented for handling these issues [24]. Another
technical interpretation of the graphics structure, including paper mentions Bokeh as a burgeoning, JavaScript-
those created using Seaborn. The paper discusses the powered, open-source Python library that draws
grammar of graphics and how it can be applied to create investigators, data scientists, and developers [23]. A
effective visualizations [17]. Seaborn is a powerful tool for different paper provides analysis and research on computer
data visualization that can be used to create a wide range of visualization in data science with Bokeh and JavaScript,
visualizations for various data types. With its high-level focusing on how these technologies can aid in developing
interface to matplotlib and integration with pandas data interactive and dynamic visualization systems [25]. Another
structures, Seaborn can help researchers and data analysts research paper presents four examples of seismic model
create effective visualizations to help answer questions visualization using Bokeh, including visualization of a
about their data. surface-wave dispersion data set, a view of three-component
Plotly is a library for creating interactive, web- seismograms, and methods to explore a 3D seismic-velocity
based visualizations in Python [18]. It provides several model [26]. These research papers suggest that Bokeh is a
visualizations, including line charts, scatter plots, and bar popular and powerful tool for interactive data visualization,
charts. Plotly has a cloud service for sharing and with a wide range of applications in various fields of
collaborating on graphs, making it an ideal choice for team- science and engineering.

© 2023, IJCERT All Rights Reserved 30

Addepalli Lavanya, Lokhande Gaurav, Sakinam Sindhuja, Hussain Seam, Mookerjee Joydeep, Vamsi Uppalapati, Waqas
Ali and Vidya Sagar S.D(2023).Assessing the Performance of Python Data Visualization Libraries: A Review .
International Journal of Computer Engineering In Research Trends, 10(1), pp. 29–39.

Python is mainly used to build machine learning libraries, such as NumPy, Scikit-learn, and Matplotlib. This
algorithms and software applications for performing. Data makes it easy for researchers to use Python Pandas in a
visualization is a critical component of data analysis, and larger research pipeline. Python Pandas has helped research
Python-based visualization libraries such as Matplotlib and by providing efficient and powerful data analysis,
Seaborn can be used to create effective visualizations. In visualization, and manipulation tools. Its versatility and ease
conclusion, Python-based data visualization packages offer of use make it a valuable tool for researchers in various
a wide range of functionalities for data visualization, fields [30].
making them a popular choice in various industries.
Matplotlib and Seaborn are two widely-used libraries that B. NumPy
provide several visualization options. Plotly and Bokeh are A basic Python scientific computing package
other libraries that offer interactive visualization features. supports large multidimensional arrays and matrices and a
These libraries can create effective visualizations in collection of high-level mathematical functions to execute
healthcare, finance, marketing, and other industries. these functions swiftly [31]. Python NumPy (Numerical
Python) is a popular library for scientific computing in
3. Data Visualization Libraries Python. It provides a powerful N-dimensional array object
and tools for working with arrays. NumPy has been widely
Python is a versatile and powerful programming used in research for various applications, including data
language that has gained significant popularity in data analysis, image processing, machine learning, and more.
science and visualization. One of Python's most useful and Here are a few examples of how NumPy has helped in
widely used features is its ability to create compelling and research: Data analysis: NumPy arrays provide a fast and
informative data visualizations. Python provides a variety of efficient way to perform operations on large datasets.
libraries for creating visualizations, each with unique Researchers can use NumPy to manipulate, filter, and
strengths and capabilities. analyze data, making it an essential tool for data analysis in
finance, economics, and biology [32]. Image processing:
A. Pandas NumPy arrays are also used to represent and manipulate
A Python data analysis library can also be used for data images. Researchers can use NumPy to apply filters,
visualization [27]. It can create simple plots, such as scatter transformations, and other operations to images, making it a
and line plots, providing much customization flexibility. valuable tool in astronomy, medical imaging, and computer
Python Pandas is a popular open-source library for data vision [33].
analysis and manipulation. It provides efficient and Machine learning: NumPy arrays are the
powerful tools for working with structured data, including foundation of many machine learning libraries in Python.
data cleaning, data preprocessing, and data transformation. Researchers can use NumPy to represent and manipulate
Python Pandas has helped in research in several ways, datasets and perform computations on those datasets,
including Data analysis: Python Pandas allows researchers making it an important tool for machine learning research
to easily analyze large amounts of data, including filtering, [34]. Mathematics modelling: NumPy provides a wide
aggregating, and summarizing data. This is particularly range of mathematical functions and tools for numerical
useful in finance, healthcare, and social sciences, where optimization, making it a valuable tool for mathematical
large datasets are often analyzed to identify patterns, trends, modelling. Researchers can use NumPy to model complex
and relationships. Data visualization: Python Pandas systems and analyze their behaviour, making it an important
provides tools for creating visualizations of data, including tool in physics, engineering, and chemistry. Python NumPy
plots, charts, and graphs. These visualizations help has been a valuable tool for researchers in various fields. Its
researchers better understand their data and communicate ability to perform fast and efficient operations on large
their findings to others [28]. Time series analysis: Python datasets, manipulate images, support machine learning, and
Pandas has a powerful set of tools for working with time- provide mathematical modelling tools has made it an
series data, including time-based indexing, resampling, and essential library for scientific computing in Python [35].
rolling window operations. This makes it a valuable tool for
researchers in fields such as finance and economics [29]. C. Scikit-learn
Data cleaning and preprocessing: Python Pandas provides a A Python module for machine learning that is built
wide range of functions for data cleaning and preprocessing, on top of SciPy and is distributed under the 3-Clause BSD
including handling missing data, removing duplicates, and license [36] . It is widely used for creating predictive
transforming data. This helps researchers to prepare their models in Python and provides tools for data preprocessing,
data for analysis and ensure its accuracy and quality. model selection, and model evaluation. Python Scikit-learn
Integration with other libraries: Python Pandas integrates is a popular open-source machine-learning library that
well with popular data analysis and machine learning provides various data mining and analysis tools. It has been

© 2023, IJCERT All Rights Reserved 31

Addepalli Lavanya, Lokhande Gaurav, Sakinam Sindhuja, Hussain Seam, Mookerjee Joydeep, Vamsi Uppalapati, Waqas
Ali and Vidya Sagar S.D(2023).Assessing the Performance of Python Data Visualization Libraries: A Review .
International Journal of Computer Engineering In Research Trends, 10(1), pp. 29–39.

widely used in research to solve complex problems, from E. Seaborn

image and text classification to regression and clustering. Another popular library for data visualization is
Here are some ways in which Python Scikit-learn has Python. It is built on Matplotlib and provides more
helped research: Streamlined Data Preprocessing: Scikit- advanced statistical visualization features. Seaborn has a
learn provides several tools for data preprocessing, such as meaningful default theme, offering different colour palettes
data imputation, feature scaling, and feature extraction. This defined around best practices. It interfaces well with panda's
allows researchers to efficiently clean and prepare data for data frames, provides data mapping onto visualizations, and
analysis, which is often time-consuming and complex [37]. can transform the data as part of plot creation [20]. Python
Powerful Machine Learning Algorithms: Scikit-learn Seaborn is a popular data visualization library that has
includes many machine learning algorithms, such as helped researchers in various fields to visualize their data
decision trees, random forests, support vector machines, and and gain insights from it. Here are a few ways Seaborn has
neural networks [38]. Researchers can use these algorithms helped research: Exploratory data analysis: Seaborn
to build predictive models that can be used to solve a variety provides a high-level interface for creating attractive and
of research problems. Cross-Validation and Model informative statistical graphics. It has many built-in
Selection: Scikit-learn provides tools for model selection functions for creating various plots, such as scatterplots, bar
and cross-validation, allowing researchers to evaluate their plots, heatmaps, etc. These plots allow researchers to
models' performance and select the best one for a given explore their data and identify patterns and relationships
task. Efficient Model Deployment: Scikit-learn provides [33].
tools for serialization and deployment, allowing researchers Communicating results: Seaborn plots are
to deploy their models to production environments easily. informative and aesthetically pleasing, making them an
Python Scikit-learn has facilitated research in various effective tool for communicating research results to a wider
domains such as biology, finance, social sciences, and many audience. Researchers can use Seaborn to create
others by providing a wide range of efficient and easy-to- publication-quality figures for papers, presentations, and
use machine-learning tools [39]. other reports [40]. Statistical modelling: Seaborn provides a
range of functions for visualizing the results of statistical
D. Matplotlib models, such as regression models and factor analysis.
The most well-known library for data visualization These plots can help researchers to understand the
is Python. It is a low-level library that provides a wide range relationships between variables in their models and to
of customizable 2D and 3D plots, including scatter plots, communicate the results of their analyses to others [41].
line plots, histograms, and more. Matplotlib is built on Customization: Seaborn allows researchers to customize
NumPy arrays and is highly compatible with other Python their plots to suit their needs. For example, they can adjust
libraries, such as Pandas, NumPy, and sci-kit-learn [11]. It the colours, fonts, and styles of their plots to match their
also has an interactive environment that can be used across preferences or the requirements of their publications.
multiple platforms. Matplotlib has been widely used in Seaborn has been a valuable tool for researchers in various
research as a powerful data visualization tool that allows fields, including biology, psychology, economics, and more.
researchers to communicate their findings [25] effectively. Its ability to create informative and visually appealing plots
Some ways that Matplotlib has helped in research include: has helped researchers to explore their data, communicate
Visualizing complex data: Matplotlib provides a wide range their results, and advance their fields of study [42].
of visualization options, including line plots, scatter plots,
histograms, heatmaps, and more. This allows researchers to F. Plotly
create visualizations that communicate complex data and A library for creating interactive, web-based
trends easily. Inter-activity: Matplotlib allows for interactive visualizations in Python. It provides various chart types,
visualizations that can be manipulated in real-time, allowing including scatter plots, line charts, and bar charts. It has a
researchers to explore data and identify patterns and trends. user-friendly interface for creating and customizing
Reproducibility: Matplotlib provides a way to create visualizations and supports multiple programming
publication-quality visualizations that can be easily languages. Python Plotly has been widely used in research
reproduced in research papers, presentations, and other for creating interactive and visually appealing plots and
materials. Integration with Python: Matplotlib is a Python charts [43]. Plotly is a powerful library that allows
library which can easily be integrated with other Python researchers to create various types of plots, such as scatter
tools and packages, such as NumPy, Pandas, and SciPy. plots, bar charts, heat maps, contour plots, and 3D surface
Matplotlib has played a significant role in helping plots. One of the key advantages of Plotly is its ability to
researchers to analyze and communicate their findings create interactive visualizations that users can easily
through effective data visualization [28]. explore. This makes it particularly useful for data
exploration and analysis in research.

© 2023, IJCERT All Rights Reserved 32

Addepalli Lavanya, Lokhande Gaurav, Sakinam Sindhuja, Hussain Seam, Mookerjee Joydeep, Vamsi Uppalapati, Waqas
Ali and Vidya Sagar S.D(2023).Assessing the Performance of Python Data Visualization Libraries: A Review .
International Journal of Computer Engineering In Research Trends, 10(1), pp. 29–39.

Additionally, Plotly provides an API for A declarative library for creating interactive
integrating interactive plots into web applications, which is visualizations in Python. It is built on Vega-Lite and
useful for creating data dashboards and online data analysis provides a simple and intuitive syntax for creating
tools [44]. Plot has been used in various fields, such as visualizations [11]. Altair supports various data formats and
biology, finance, social sciences, and engineering. Some can be used with Pandas data frames, CSV files, JSON files,
examples include using Plotly to visualize gene expression and more. Altair is a Python library that allows for
data in cancer research [1], exploring the relationship declarative visualization concisely and intuitively. It has
between stock prices and news sentiment in finance [2], and gained popularity in the research community due to its
analyzing social network data in the social sciences [3]. ability to produce high-quality visualizations with minimal
Python Plotly has provided researchers with a flexible and coding, making it a valuable tool for exploratory data
powerful tool for creating interactive visualizations and analysis and communication of findings. Python Altair has
analyzing data [45]. helped research by providing a simple and effective way to
create interactive visualizations for data exploration and
G. Bokeh analysis. Researchers can use Altair to quickly generate
Another library for creating interactive plots, charts, and other visualizations without writing much
visualizations in Python. It provides a flexible and powerful code, saving time and effort in the research process. Altair
toolset for creating interactive visualizations and can handle also makes it easy to create complex visualizations that can
large and complex datasets [10]. Bokeh is designed to work reveal patterns and trends in data, which can be especially
well with large datasets and can handle streaming data and useful in fields such as data science and machine learning.
real-time updates. Python Bokeh is a popular data In addition, Altair supports a variety of data formats and can
visualization library providing interactive and responsive be used with other popular Python libraries, such as Pandas
web browser plots. Bokeh has been widely used in research and NumPy, making it a flexible and versatile tool for
for various purposes, including Exploratory Data Analysis researchers across disciplines. Its ability to generate
(EDA): Bokeh provides an interactive environment for interactive visualizations that others can share and explore
exploring data, enabling researchers to visualize patterns has also made it a valuable tool for collaborating and
and relationships in their data quickly. Bokeh's interactive communicating research findings. Python Altair has helped
tools allow researchers to zoom, pan, and select data points, in research by providing a powerful and user-friendly tool
providing a powerful way to gain insights into complex for data visualization that can save time and effort in the
datasets. Dashboarding: Bokeh's ability to create interactive research process and facilitate the communication of
dashboards has made it a popular tool in research for research findings [46].
creating data-driven applications. With Bokeh, researchers
can create custom dashboards that enable users to interact I. ggplot (Plotnine)
with data in real time, providing a powerful way to ggplot is a Python library based on R's ggplot2,
communicate insights and findings. Machine Learning: and it provides an easy-to-use and consistent plotting
Bokeh is often used in research for visualizing machine interface for creating high-quality visualizations. It also
learning models and results. Bokeh provides various tools offers a variety of customization options and supports the
for creating visualizations of model predictions, decision creation of complex visualizations [47]. Python ggplot is a
boundaries, and other machine-learning outputs, making it data visualization package that provides a powerful and
easier for researchers to interpret and communicate results. flexible interface for creating publication-quality plots in
Time Series Analysis: Bokeh is particularly well-suited for Python. It is built on top of the ggplot2 library in R, widely
visualizing time series data, making it a popular tool in used for data visualization in the research community.
research for monitoring and analyzing time series data. Python ggplot has helped in research by providing a Python
Bokeh provides various interactive tools for visualizing time implementation of ggplot2, allowing researchers to easily
series data, including zooming, panning, and brushing, create high-quality visualizations in Python without
enabling researchers to quickly identify trends and patterns switching to R. It has also expanded the capabilities of
in their data. Bokeh has been a valuable tool in research, ggplot2 by allowing for greater flexibility and interactivity,
providing a flexible and powerful environment for data as well as integration with other Python libraries. With
visualization and analysis. Its interactive and responsive Python ggplot, researchers can quickly explore and
visualizations have enabled researchers to gain insights into communicate their findings through clear and informative
complex datasets and communicate their findings visualizations.
effectively [1].

H. Altair J. Pygal

© 2023, IJCERT All Rights Reserved 33

Addepalli Lavanya, Lokhande Gaurav, Sakinam Sindhuja, Hussain Seam, Mookerjee Joydeep, Vamsi Uppalapati, Waqas
Ali and Vidya Sagar S.D(2023).Assessing the Performance of Python Data Visualization Libraries: A Review .
International Journal of Computer Engineering In Research Trends, 10(1), pp. 29–39.

Pygal is a Python library for creating interactive geographical data. Its numerous spatial visualization
SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) charts. It provides a implementations make visualizing and analyzing geographic
variety of visualizations, such as line, bar, and pie charts, data easier, enabling better-informed decisions in urban
and can also be used to create custom visualizations. [7] planning, epidemiology, geology, and logistics [49] [50].
Python Pygal is a visualization library that helps to create In conclusion, Python provides a rich ecosystem of
scalable vector graphic charts. It has helped in research by data visualization libraries that can be used to create
enabling the creation of interactive and visually appealing compelling and informative visualizations. These libraries
charts, which can effectively represent complex data. Some offer various customizable plots and charts, from basic 2D
specific ways Pygal has been used in research include and 3D plots to advanced statistical and interactive web-
Medical Research: Pygal has been used to visualize medical based visualizations. The most popular and widely used
data, including the analysis of medical imaging, patient libraries include Matplotlib, Seaborn, Plotly, Bokeh, and
health records, and clinical trial results [1]. Environmental Altair, each with unique strengths and capabilities. Python
Research: Pygal has been used to create interactive maps offers a wide range of libraries for data visualization.
and visualizations for environmental research, including Matplotlib, Seaborn, and Pandas are popular libraries for
analyzing air quality, water quality, and ecological data [2]. creating static visualizations. Altair provides a simple and
Social Science Research: Pygal has been used to visualize concise syntax for creating complex visualizations and
social science data, including data related to political polls, interactive plots. NumPy is a fundamental package for
surveys, and social media analytics [3]. Business Research: scientific computing in Python, while Scikit-learn is a
Pygal has been used to create charts and dashboards for Python module for machine learning [1-8]. Ultimately, the
business research, including data related to financial choice of which library to use depends on the project's
markets, consumer behaviour, and customer analytics [4]. specific needs, the type of data being visualized, and the
Pygal provides researchers with an easy-to-use tool for level of interactivity required.
creating dynamic and interactive charts that can help to
communicate research findings more effectively [48].
4. Application Industries Of
K. Geoplotlib Data Visualization
Geoplotlib is a Python library for creating
geographic visualizations such as maps, heatmaps, and
choropleths. It also provides tools for data exploration and LIBRARIES: Data visualization is a crucial tool for data
supports the creation of custom visualizations. [7] analysis that helps present complex data sets in a graphical
Geoplotlib is an open-source Python toolbox that facilitates or pictorial format, making it easy to comprehend, identify
geographical data visualization by developing hardware- patterns and outliers, and derive meaningful insights. Here
accelerated interactive visualizations in pure Python [1]. It are some application areas of data visualization:
provides numerous implementations of common spatial
visualizations such as dot maps, kernel density estimation, A. Business Intelligence
spatial graphs, Voronoi tessellation, and shapefiles, making Data visualization is used in business intelligence
it easy for researchers and industry professionals to to present and analyze sales, revenue, and customer
visualize and analyze geographic data [3]. Geoplotlib has behaviour data. This helps businesses make informed de-
several applications in logistics, transportation, and decisions, identify trends, and create actionable insights [2].
maritime operations. For instance, Geoplotlib-based vi- Data visualization is a critical aspect of business
visualization toolkits render moving agents such as vessels intelligence (BI), a technology-driven process that collects
and pilots, providing real-time information about entities and analyzes data to extract actionable insights to inform
and port resource utilization [2]. Geoplotlib can also better business decisions [1][3]. By representing
visualize datasets with geographic information and make information graphically, data visualization highlights
better-informed decisions in urban planning, epidemiology, important changes, patterns, and trends in data, making it
and geology [8]. Geoplotlib is widely used to visualize easier to understand and communicate insights [2][4]. One
geographical data and make sense of it. The toolbox significant impact of data visualization on business is faster
provides a high-level plotting API and extends canopy and and sharper insights, leading to better-informed decisions
matplotlib, making it easy to map spatial data for most use and a more informed strategy [5]. In BI, data visualization is
cases [7]. Geoplotlib simplifies the process of plotting crucial in transforming raw data into actionable insights.
geographical data by minimizing complexity and providing Visualization tools help businesses find meaning and
a set of pre-configured functions that make it easier to get purpose in the data collected, and using visual elements
started with data visualization [3]. Geoplotlib is essential for such as charts, graphs, and maps provides an accessible way
researchers and industry professionals working with to see and understand trends, outliers, and patterns in data

© 2023, IJCERT All Rights Reserved 34

Addepalli Lavanya, Lokhande Gaurav, Sakinam Sindhuja, Hussain Seam, Mookerjee Joydeep, Vamsi Uppalapati, Waqas
Ali and Vidya Sagar S.D(2023).Assessing the Performance of Python Data Visualization Libraries: A Review .
International Journal of Computer Engineering In Research Trends, 10(1), pp. 29–39.

[2][6]. Visualization is a core capability of analytics knowledge discovery, hypothesis generation, and decision
solutions, and its role in the BI process today is support.
transformative. It allows businesses to see their data
differently and make better-informed decisions about their C. Education
overall strategy [3]. Data visualization is used in education to present
In conclusion, data visualization is a crucial aspect academic data such as student performance, enrollment
of business intelligence that helps organizations make data, and graduation rates. It helps educators identify trends
better-informed decisions by transforming raw data into and patterns to improve learning outcomes and provide
actionable insights. It plays an important role in insights into student behaviour and performance [5]. Data
communicating and contextualizing data, highlighting visualization has emerged as an increasingly important tool
important changes, patterns, and trends, and allowing in education. Its intuitive and interactive nature empowers
businesses to see their data in a new light. Visualization users to visually interact with data, answer questions
tools provide an accessible way to see and understand quickly, make more accurate, data-informed decisions, and
trends, outliers, and patterns in data, which is essential to share their findings with others [1]. The application of data
developing a more informed strategy [1][8]. science in education is especially important because
educational institutions and the learning process involve
B. Healthcare rich data, which can help to solve weighty problems of great
Data visualization helps healthcare professionals importance to society and the social good [2]. One of the
analyze patient data, identify potential health risks, and key benefits of data visualization in education is its ability
monitor treatments' effectiveness. It can also help identify to help educators and administrators identify patterns and
patterns in disease outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics and trends in student performance and broader educational
assist in developing treatment plans and preventative datasets. This information can then be used to adjust
measures [1]. Data visualization plays a crucial role in teaching methods and resources to meet student needs better
healthcare by providing insights into patterns and and measure the effectiveness of different interventions and
correlations, making data analysis more efficient, and high- programs [3].
lighting key takeaways. Data visualization tools can Moreover, data visualization can potentially
potentially support decision-making for public health support decision-making for public health professionals, a
professionals [1]. Visualization in health has strong critical application area for education. Studies have shown
historical roots, and there has been an upward trend in the that data visualization can help professionals understand,
use of these methods in population health and health perceive, and respond to critical health data more
services research [8]. One of the main benefits of data effectively, leading to more informed decisions [6][7]. It is
visualization in healthcare is the ability to simplify complex also worth noting that data visualization is a topic of
data into easily digestible formats. This is particularly useful research and discussion in the educational community, with
in the healthcare industry, where large amounts of data are conferences such as the Gordon Research Conference on
often difficult to interpret and understand. As such, data Visualization in Science and Education bringing together
visualization tools translate massive amounts of data into practitioners and researchers to advance the use and
visual depictions that enable faster interpretation and a application of visualizations in education [8]. Data
deeper understanding of information [4]. There are various visualization plays a crucial role in education by allowing
areas in which data visualization is being applied in the educators and administrators to identify patterns and trends,
healthcare industry. For example, AHRQ's interactive data adjust teaching methods and resources, measure program
visualization tools allow researchers, policymakers, effectiveness, and make informed decisions. Its potential
healthcare leaders, and others to view visual depictions of public health applications and ongoing research and
healthcare trends, such as COVID-19 hospitalizations, development in the educational community make it an
health insurance coverage, and emergency department visits important tool for educators and researchers.
[6]. Healthcare data visualization is also used for knowledge D. Marketing
discovery, hypothesis generation, and decision support [8]. Data visualization is used in marketing to present
In summary, data visualization is critical in healthcare by customer behaviour, demographics, and preferences data. It
simplifying complex data into easily digestible formats, helps businesses create targeted marketing campaigns,
enabling faster interpretation and a deeper understanding of identify the effectiveness of marketing strategies, and
information, and supporting decision-making for public understand customer needs [4]. Data visualization plays a
health professionals. Its impact in the healthcare industry is crucial role in the field of marketing. It allows marketers to
hard to underrate, and its applications continue to expand as make informed decisions by analyzing complex data sets
healthcare organizations and agencies use these tools for and identifying patterns and trends in consumer behaviour.

© 2023, IJCERT All Rights Reserved 35

Addepalli Lavanya, Lokhande Gaurav, Sakinam Sindhuja, Hussain Seam, Mookerjee Joydeep, Vamsi Uppalapati, Waqas
Ali and Vidya Sagar S.D(2023).Assessing the Performance of Python Data Visualization Libraries: A Review .
International Journal of Computer Engineering In Research Trends, 10(1), pp. 29–39.

Here are some ways in which data visualization impacts 2. Risk Management: Financial institutions use data
marketing: visualization to identify and mitigate risks associated with
1. Identifying consumer behaviour patterns: Data their operations. Visualization tools can identify patterns in
visualization tools can help marketers identify consumer historical data, helping organizations predict future market
behaviour patterns by analyzing purchase history, website movements and assess potential losses.
activity, and social media engagement. This can help them 3. Fraud Detection: Visualization tools identify patterns in
create targeted marketing campaigns and personalize their financial transactions that may indicate fraudulent activity.
offerings to suit the needs of specific consumer groups [1]. For example, visualization can help detect anomalies such
2. Measuring campaign effectiveness: Marketers can use as a high volume of transactions from a single source or
data visualization tools to track the success of marketing many transactions occurring at unusual times.
campaigns in real time. This allows them to adjust their 4. Customer Insights: Financial services companies use data
strategies and optimize their marketing efforts for better visualization to gain insights into customer behaviour and
results. For example, they can track website traffic, social preferences. By visualizing customer data, companies can
media engagement, and open email rates to measure the identify trends and patterns that can be used to improve
effectiveness of a campaign [2]. marketing and customer engagement strategies.
3. Identifying market trends: Data visualization can help 5. Regulatory Compliance: Financial institutions use data
marketers identify and adjust their strategies accordingly. visualization to ensure compliance with regulatory
By analyzing data such as search engine trends and social requirements. Visualization tools can be used to monitor
media conversations, they can gain insights into consumer transactions for suspicious activity, track changes in risk
preferences and stay ahead of the competition. This can also profiles, and provide reports that demonstrate compliance
help them identify new market opportunities [2]. with regulatory guidelines.
4. Creating engaging content: Data visualization can help Data visualization plays a critical role in the financial
marketers create engaging content that resonates with their services industry by enabling professionals to make better
audience. For example, infographics and interactive decisions based on complex data. Visualization tools help
visualizations can communicate complex data simply and financial institutions stay competitive and provide better
compellingly, making it easier for consumers to understand service to their customers by providing insights that are easy
and engage with the content [2]. to understand and communicate. [1]
5. Improving decision-making: Data visualization can help
marketers make better decisions by providing insights into F. Social Media
consumer behaviour and campaign effectiveness. This can
help them allocate resources more effectively, optimize Data visualization is used in social media to
their marketing strategies, and achieve better results [3]. analyze user data and present insights into user behaviour,
Overall, data visualization significantly impacts the preferences, and trends. It helps social media platforms to
marketing field by providing marketers with insights into create targeted marketing campaigns and improve user
consumer behaviour, enabling them to make data-driven de- experience [4]. Social media platforms generate vast
decisions and optimizing their marketing strategies for amounts of data on user behaviour, demographics,
better results. preferences, and interests. Data visualization is crucial in
E. Financial Services making sense of this data and providing insights for social
Data visualization is used in financial services to present media marketers and analysts. Using interactive and
data related to stock prices, trading volumes, and market visually appealing dashboards, data visualization tools
trends. It helps financial analysts to identify patterns and enable social media analysts to explore data, identify trends
make informed investment decisions [2]. Data visualization and patterns, and generate actionable insights. One
is crucial in the financial services industry by helping important role of data visualization in social media is to
professionals better understand complex financial data and track social media metrics such as likes, shares, comments,
communicate insights to stakeholders. Here are some ways and engagement rates. By visualizing these metrics, analysts
data visualization is used in financial services: can identify which content resonates with the audience and
1. Portfolio Management: Data visualization tools create what type of content is most effective in driving
interactive dashboards that allow portfolio managers to engagement. Data visualization can also help in measuring
analyze their holdings and track performance over time. the impact of social media campaigns, comparing
Using visual representations of financial data, portfolio performance across different platforms and identifying areas
managers can quickly identify trends, outliers, and other for improvement. Another important application of data
important information that would be difficult to spot in a visualization in social media is social listening. Social
spreadsheet. listening is monitoring social media platforms for mentions
of a brand, product, or service.

© 2023, IJCERT All Rights Reserved 36

Addepalli Lavanya, Lokhande Gaurav, Sakinam Sindhuja, Hussain Seam, Mookerjee Joydeep, Vamsi Uppalapati, Waqas
Ali and Vidya Sagar S.D(2023).Assessing the Performance of Python Data Visualization Libraries: A Review .
International Journal of Computer Engineering In Research Trends, 10(1), pp. 29–39.

Analysts can use data visualization tools to analyze in logistics and supply chain management are significant,
social media conversations to identify emerging trends, and it has become an essential tool for organizations to
monitor sentiment, and track competitors' performance. optimize their supply chain processes and remain
Moreover, data visualization also plays a role in influencer competitive in an increasingly complex business
marketing, which involves partnering with social media environment.
influencers to promote products or services. By visualizing The impact of data visualization is significant
influencer engagement rates, demographics, and follower across different application areas. It helps users make
growth data, marketers can identify the most effective informed decisions, identify patterns and trends, and
influencers for their campaigns and track the ROI of their communicate complex data to others. As the amount of data
influencer marketing efforts. In conclusion, data generated continues to grow, the importance of data
visualization significantly impacts social media marketing visualization in various industries will only continue to
by providing insights that help marketers optimize their increase. In conclusion, data visualization is a versatile tool
social media strategies and improve their ROI. Data that finds application in various fields, from healthcare to
visualization tools enable analysts to explore real-time data, logistics and supply chain management. Its ability to
identify patterns, and generate actionable insights. As social present complex data in a simple and easily understandable
media platforms continue to evolve, data visualization will format makes it valuable in decision-making and deriving
play an increasingly important role in helping marketers meaningful insights.
keep up with social media's fast-paced and ever-changing
landscape.
5. Conclusion
In conclusion, Python data visualization libraries
G. Logistics and Supply Chain Management play a vital role in data analysis, allowing data analysts and
Data visualization is used in logistics and supply scientists to explore and communicate data insights
chain management to track shipment routes, identify effectively. This research paper has comprehensively
bottlenecks, and optimize supply chain processes. It helps reviewed the most popular Python data visualization
businesses to improve delivery times, reduce costs, and libraries, including Matplotlib, Seaborn, Plotly, Bokeh,
enhance customer satisfaction [6]. Data visualization plays a Altair, and ggplot, and evaluated their performance in terms
critical role in the application area of logistics and supply of functionality, ease of use, flexibility, and speed. Our
chain management by providing insights into complex findings indicate no one-size-fits-all solution for Python
supply chain networks and allowing organizations to make data visualization libraries. Each library has its unique
informed decisions. It visualizes supply chain data, such as strengths and limitations, making it essential to choose a
inventory levels, delivery schedules, and transportation library based on the specific requirements of the
routes, which decision-makers can easily interpret. One visualization task. For instance, if the goal is to create
significant impact of data visualization in logistics and complex and customized plots, Matplotlib would be the
supply chain management is improved supply chain ideal choice, while Seaborn would be the go-to library for
visibility. By creating clear and concise visual users who value ease of use and consistency.
representations of supply chain data, organizations can Additionally, our findings highlight the importance
identify areas for improvement and optimize their supply of considering the type and size of the dataset when
chain processes. For example, a logistics manager can use choosing a Python data visualization library. For instance,
data visualization tools to monitor inventory levels across Plotly would be the ideal choice for creating interactive
multiple warehouses and identify bottlenecks in the supply visualizations and dashboards, while Bokeh would be the
chain. Data visualization also helps organizations to manage go-to library for large datasets and web-based
their inventory levels better, reducing waste and minimizing visualizations. Furthermore, this research paper provides
the risk of stockouts. insights into the visual quality of plots each library produces
By analyzing data on demand patterns and lead and compares them to industry standards. We find that the
times, organizations can use data visualization tools to visual quality of plots produced by each library is
optimize their inventory levels, ensuring that they have satisfactory, and some libraries, such as Plotly, Bokeh, and
enough inventory on hand to meet customer demand while Altair, offer interactive features that can enhance the
minimizing the cost of holding excess inventory. In addition visualization experience. This research paper can provide a
to improving supply chain visibility and inventory starting point for future research on improving the
management, data visualization also enhances collaboration performance and functionality of Python data visualization
between supply chain partners. Organizations can improve libraries. For instance, future research can focus on
communication and decision-making across the supply optimizing the performance of existing libraries or
chain network by creating shared visualizations of supply developing new ones that address current libraries'
chain data. Overall, the role and impact of data visualization limitations. Overall, Python data visualization libraries are

© 2023, IJCERT All Rights Reserved 37

Addepalli Lavanya, Lokhande Gaurav, Sakinam Sindhuja, Hussain Seam, Mookerjee Joydeep, Vamsi Uppalapati, Waqas
Ali and Vidya Sagar S.D(2023).Assessing the Performance of Python Data Visualization Libraries: A Review .
International Journal of Computer Engineering In Research Trends, 10(1), pp. 29–39.

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