Volume 10, Issue 3, March – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25mar1117

Knowledge Attitude Practice Regarding

Infertility in General Population
Dr. Asiya Fatima1*; Dr. Mohammed Maqbool Hussain²; Dr. Khaleda Begum3
1
PG Scholar 2nd year Preventive ANS Social Medicine;
2
HOD Professor PSM Department; 3MD PSM Department
1;2;3
Department of Preventive and Social Medicine,
Govt Nizamia Tibbi College and Hospital Charminar, Hydrabad, India

Corresponding Author: Dr. Asiya Fatima1*

Publication Date: 2025/03/27

Abstract: Infertility is a significant public health issue that affects many couples worldwide, often leading to emotional and
psychological distress. Defined as the inability to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse,. As societal norms Evolve
and family planning becomes increasingly diverse, the importance of understanding infertility has never been more critical.
many people remain unaware of the various factors contributing to infertility, including lifestyle choices, medical conditions,
and environmental influences Many Individuals are not aware of the exact meaning of infertility.

How to Cite: Dr. Asiya Fatima; Dr. Mohammed Maqbool Hussain; Dr. Khaleda Begum (2025). Knowledge Attitude Practice
Regarding Infertility in General Population. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology,
10(3), 1172-1190. https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25mar1117

I. INTRODUCTION This lack of awareness can lead to stigma,

misinformation, and inadequate support for those
Infertility is a significant public health issue that affects experiencing fertility challenges2. Furthermore, cultural
many couples worldwide, often leading to emotional and beliefs and societal attitudes can significantly shape how
psychological distress 10. Defined as the inability to conceive individuals perceive infertility and their willingness to seek
after one year of unprotected intercourse, infertility is a help8.
complex condition that impacts millions of individuals and
couples globally9. As societal norms evolve and family Therefore, exploring the knowledge, attitudes, and
planning becomes increasingly diverse, the importance of practices (KAP) regarding infertility within the general
understanding infertility has never been more critical. Despite population is essential for fostering a more informed and
advancements in medical science and reproductive supportive environment. This article aims to delve into the
technologies, many people remain unaware of the various current state of knowledge about infertility, examine prevalent
factors contributing to infertility, including lifestyle choices, attitudes towards those affected, and assess the practices
medical conditions, and environmental influences9. Many adopted by individuals and couples in response to infertility
individuals are not aware of the exact meaning of infertility. challenges. By highlighting gaps in understanding and areas
Many peoples do not understand that infertility means seeking for improvement, we hope to contribute to a broader dialogue
treatment after one year of unsuccessful attempts at that encourages education, empathy, and effective
conception 5. Starts medication for conceiving early in fear of interventions in the realm of reproductive health.
infertility.
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Many individuals misunderstand the exact meaning of
infertility, often equating it solely with the need for medical  Study Design and Study Population
intervention after one year of unsuccessful attempts at A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted
conception1. In some cases, while husbands temporarily adult participants from NOVEMBER 2024 to JAN 2025. An
return home from abroad, family members may prioritize online questionnaire was administrated where social
medicinal support for their wives without assessing the networks and all the possible networks to contact potential
necessity of medical intervention3 participants the link to the Google form was sent to the study
participants which contain a brief introduction objective
voluntary nature of participation, declaration of anonymity

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Volume 10, Issue 3, March – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25mar1117
and confidentiality the study protocol and procedures of  Statistical Analysis
informed concern before the Formal survey was done the Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft
participants had to confirm their willingness to participate Excel. Categorical data are presented as percentages, while
voluntary and the questionnaires were also printed in English, continuous data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation,
Urdu, Telugu and Hindi and the manual filling was done by analyzed through descriptive statistics. Data visualization
the respondents themselves. was achieved through various Excel charting tools, which
facilitated the representation of findings in a clear and
 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria comprehensible manner. Excel formulas were utilized to
Inclusion Criteria: Permanent residents of India, male calculate percentages and summarize the data effectively,
and female both, married and Unmarried, from urban and allowing for straightforward interpretation of knowledge,
rural areas between age group of 15-45yrs. attitudes, and practices related to infertility. The results
provide a comprehensive overview of the participants'
Exclusion Criteria: Nonresident Indians and transgender. understanding and behaviors, contributing valuable insights
into the field of infertility.
 Study tool
A self-structured, pre-tested questionnaire was used to III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
collect information. It consisted of Four sections, these four
sections contained questions assessing the socio-demographic The social demographic data reveals that participants
data of Participants, their knowledge, attitude and practice between each group of 15 to 25 were 21 and 25 to 50 were 67
regarding the infertility, respectively. [fig:1] out of which females were 72(75.8%) males for 23
(24.2%) [fig:3] It is observed that in the study, Muslims were
The basis for correct answer was selected from literature 88 (92.6%) Hindus were 6 (6.3%) Christians were 1(1.1%)
and clinical expert’s knowledge. For Assessing knowledge, [fig:4]. In the study married were 87(92.6) person and
attitude and practice each correct answer was awarded a score married and 7.4% were unmarried was 25 that is 28.1% were
of one and each incorrect answer was awarded a score of 0. married for more than one year, 31.5% less then 1 year,29.2%
Quartiles were generated for each Component. Based on more then 5year, 11.2% more then 10years of married life [fig
quartiles, knowledge, attitude and practice were divided into 5] educational status reveals start 57 60.6% participants where
adequate and inadequate. 10th or inter passed, graduates for 29 30.9%, and post
graduates were 8(8.5%) [fig 7].

Fig 1 Age

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Volume 10, Issue 3, March – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
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Fig 2 Occupation

Fig 3 Sex

Fig 4 Religion

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Volume 10, Issue 3, March – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
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Fig 5 Marital Status

Fig 6 Married Life

Fig 7 Education Status

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Volume 10, Issue 3, March – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25mar1117
 Knowledge that is 63.9% participants correctly knows that diet stress
The different knowledge variables asked to the study obesity medication pcos causes in fertility whereas 13 that is
participants to know about the knowledge about infertility in 13.4% participants do not agree and 22 that is 22.7
the participants and it is found that about 71 participants participants are not sure about it [fig 15] [fig13]. When ask
72.4% are facing difficulty in conceiving [fig 8]whereas 22 about the correct definition of infertility it is found that only
participants that is 22.4% are not facing any difficulties in 13 that is 13.1% participants know correctly the definition of
conceiving whereas 5 that is 5% don’t know. It is found that infertility that it is a disease failure to achieve pregnancy after
15 that is 15.2% participants thinks that the causes of 12 months or more of regular and protected sexual intercourse
infertility is with eggs and 3 that is 3% participants thinks that that is without using condoms or any other contraceptive [fig
the causes of infertility is with tubal factor where as 45 that is 9], when ask about the artificial reproductive techniques like
45.5% participants thinks that the cause of infertility both the IUI and IVF it is found that only 39 that is 40.2% participants
causes that is tubal as well as eggs 36 that is 36.4% don’t were aware about these artificial reproductive techniques
know [fig 11]It is found that 11 that is 11.2% participants whereas 32 that is 33% participants know little bit about it.
thinks that days of the month where women are most likely to When asked about the best treatment option among artificial
conceive are immediately after menstruation and 6 that is reproductive techniques, participants expressed their
6.1% participants things start the days of month were preferences as 42 that is 61.8% participants are satisfied with
women’s are most likely to conceive are 10 days prayer to IVF, where 22 that is 32.4% participants are satisfied with IUI
monthly date and 38 that is 38.8% correctly knows that days and 4 that is 5.9% likes surrogacy. When ask how many eggs
of month were women are more likely to conceive or 14 days are formed in each menstrual cycle in female than 44 that is
prayer to menstrual date, 40 participant that is 40.8% don’t 53.7% participants correctly knows that one egg is formed
know what are the days of month where women are most each month that is in one menstrual cycle in female where are
likely to conceive.[fig 10] 53 that is 54.1% participants 31 that is 37.8% participants don’t know how many eggs a
correctly knows that eggs are formed in the ovaries in female female produced per month [fig 15]. 76 that is 84.4%
body, 10 that is 10.2% participants things start eggs are participants that lifestyle can be the cause of infertility like
formed in uterus, to that is 2% things that eggs are formed in disturb sleep and big cycle smoking, diet, alcohol, tobacco,
fallopian tube, 30 that is 30.6% participants don’t know gutka etc.[fig16]
where the eggs are formed in the female body [fig 14]. 60

Fig 8 Are you Facing any Difficulty in Conceiving.

Fig 9 What is Infertility

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Volume 10, Issue 3, March – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25mar1117

Fig 10 What are the days of month where womens are most likely to conceive?

Fig 11 What do you Think are the causes of Infertility.

Fig 12 In your view which is the Best Treatment Option

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Volume 10, Issue 3, March – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25mar1117

Fig 13 Are you aware of Artificial Reproductive Techniques like IUI IVF

Fig 14 Where do Eggs are Formed in the Female Body

Fig 15 How many Eggs are Formed in each Menstrual Cycle in Females

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Volume 10, Issue 3, March – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25mar1117

Fig 16 Can Lifestyle be the cause of Infertility Like Sleep and wake Cycle Disturbance, Smoking, Diet, Alcohol?

 Practice started taking medication for infertility 24 that is 26.4%

In my study 69 that is 71.9% participants were taking participant started taking medication for infertility
treatment for infertility and 28 that is 28.1 participant not immediately after marriage and 34 that is 37.4% participants
taking any treatment for infertility[fig16]. When asked about started taking medication for infertility after more than one
the treatment options for infertility 38 that is 42.7% choses year of their marriage life, 15 that is 16.5% participants
Ayush medicine then 51 that is 57.3% choses allopathy [fig started taking medication to conceive after less than 1 year of
17]. When ask do women need family support in their fight marriage life, 18 that is 19.8% participants were not taking
against in fertility 81 that is 85.3% said yes and 7 that is 7.4% any medication[fig21]. Then asked whether their husband got
said no [fig18]. In my study 39 that is 41.9% participants were investigated for infertility 44 that is 47.8% participants or
dealing with primary infertility and 29 that is 31.2% their husbands got investigated 29th is 31.5 denied[fig22].
participants were dealing with secondary infertility and 25 When asked their views about donating eggs and donating
that is 26.5% participants were not dealing with any sperms 47 that is 52.2% said it's a bad practice whereas 43
infertility[fig24]. In my study 56 that is 59.6% participant that is 47.8% said it’s a good practice[fig23]. In my study 31
started planning for baby immediately after marriage, 16 that that is 37.8% participants weight gain as a post treatment
is 17% participants started planning for baby 1 year or more complication, where has 9 that is 11% got a based 6 that is
before starting the treatment, whereas live and that is 11.7% 7.3% are dealing with menstrual irregularities and 34 that is
participants started planning for BB less than 1 year before 41.5% are not dealing with any post treatment
starting the treatment, and 11 that is 11.7 participants were complications[fig24].
not planning for baby [fig 20]. When asked when they were

Fig 17 Are you Receiving Treatment for Infertility

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Volume 10, Issue 3, March – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25mar1117

Fig 18 What are your Treatment Options for Infertility

Fig 19 Do Women Need Family Support in their Fight against Infertility?

Fig 20 Are you aware of Artificial Reproductive Techniques Like IUI IVF

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Volume 10, Issue 3, March – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25mar1117

Fig 21 When did you Start Planning for Baby

Fig 22 When did you Start taking Medication for Infertility

Fig 23 Did your Husband also got Investigated for Infertility

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Volume 10, Issue 3, March – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
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Fig 24 Are Donating Egg and Donating Sperm Good or Bad

Fig 25 What type of Infertility your Dealing with

 Attitude cannot have baby whereas 26 that is 28.3% show neutral

When ask whether infertility is a disease than 41 that is behavior 20 that is 21.7% participants dis agree 13 that is
44.6% participants agree 28 that is 30.4 participants strongly 14.1% participants strongly disagree it that is 8.7%
agreeing 17 that is 18.5 participants strongly disagree 6 36.5 participants strongly agree[fig26]. On asking whether you
participants were neutral[fig24]. When ask whether in think that in fertility is a social stigma 20 it is 21.7%
fertility is a treatable condition than 43 that is 46.7% participants strongly agree were 41 this 44.6% participants
participants strongly agree 38 that is 41.3% participants agree agree 22 that is 23.9% participants disagree and 9 this is 9.8%
737.6 participants 1 neutral to that is 2.2% participants is participants neutral[fig27]. 79 that is 89.8% participants
agree and to that is 2.2% participants strongly things that are use is a best treatment option for infertility
disagree[fig25]. 25 that is 27.2% participants things that whereas 9 that is 10.3 participants think allopathic to be the
husband scan gave divorce to the wife on the basis that they best treatment option for infertility[fig28].

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Volume 10, Issue 3, March – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25mar1117

Fig 26 Infertility is it Disease

Fig 27 Infertility is it Treatable Condition

Fig 28 If the Women cannot have Baby this can be the Ground for Divorce

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Volume 10, Issue 3, March – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
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Fig 29 Is Infertility a Social Stigma

Fig 30 In your view which is the Best Treatment Option for Infertility

Thus 49% participants have adequate knowledge about inadequate knowledge.55.5% have adequate knowledge are
infertility and 41% participants have inadequate knowledge females 37.5% have inadequate knowledge [fig 30].47.6%
about infertility. 85% participants have good attitude have adequate knowledge are married and 41.8% have
regarding infertility and 15% have poor attitude regarding inadequate knowledge[fig31]. 35.7% participants are
infertility.23% participants have good practice on infertility 10th/inter passed have adequate knowledge, and 68.96% are
and 77%participants have poor practice on infertility. [fig28] undergraduates and 50 percent are postgraduates.48.2%
47.05% participants have adequate knowledge belongs to the participants have inadequate knowledge is 10th /intrrpasse27
age group 15-24;50% have adequate knowledge belongs to 27.5% participants are undergraduate who have inadequate
the age group 25-34,38% have adequate knowledge belongs knowledge 50% participants are post graduate have
to the age group 35-45.52.9% have inadequate knowledge of inadequate knowledge [fig 32].
infertility belongs to age group 15-24;38%have inadequate
knowledge belongs to age group 24- 35;46% have inadequate 82.3% participants have good practice belongs to age
knowledge belongs to age group 35-45. 22.7%[fig29] group 15 to 24. 84.6% participants have good practice
participants have adequate knowledge are male .54.5% have belongs to age group 25 to 34. 50%participant have good

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Volume 10, Issue 3, March – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
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practice belongs to age group 35 to 44. 17.6% participants graduate. 10.7% participants with poor practice are tender
have poor practice belongs to age 15 to 24, 15.3% participants inter pass, 6.8% with poor practice are graduate, 25%
have poor practice belongs to age group 25 to 34. 50% participants with poor practice are post graduate[fig36].
participants have f good practice belongs to age group 35 to
45[fig 33]. 86.3% participants have good practice are male, 35.2% participants have positive attitude belongs to age
88.8% participants have good practice are females. 13.3% group 15 to 24 and 29.2% belongs to age group 25 to 34 and
participants with poor practice are male, 11.1% participants 23.6% belongs to each group 35 to 45.18.8% [fig 37] with
with poor practice a female[fig34]. 57.1% participants with good attitude are males and 34. 17% good attitude are female
the good practice are unmarried and 90.6% participants at [fig 38]. 32.85% having good attitude that unmarried and
good practice is married, 42.8% participants poor practice are 29.6% having good attitude are married [fig 39]. 35.7%
unmarried and 9.3% participants with poor practice are participants having good attitude that enter pass, 13.7
married [fig 35]. 89.2% participants with good practice at participants having good attitude or graduate and 62.5%
10th or inter pass 93.1% participants with good practice are participants having good attitude post graduate [fig 40].
graduate 975% participants with good practice are post

Fig 31 Level of Knowledge Attitude Practice

Fig 32 Age

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Volume 10, Issue 3, March – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
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Fig 33 Gender

Fig 34 Marital Status

Fig 35 Education

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Fig 36 Age

Fig 37 Gender

Fig 38 Marital Status

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Fig 39 Education

Fig 40 Age

Fig 41 Gender

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Fig 42 Marital Status

Fig 43 Education

Fig 44 Education

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT menstrual cycle, leading them to seek medical
intervention without fullyUnderstanding their
I would like to express my gratitude to institute govt reproductive health.
nizamia general hospital and collage for their support in [13]. ”P4 Reproductive Medicine: Prediction, Prevention,
conducting this KAP study. Special thanks to my supervisor Personalization, and Participation in Infertility
dr Maqbool Hussaini sir hod of department psm and all my Care”** - This article discusses the importance of a
lecturers and medical officers of my hospital, for their multidisciplinary approach to infertility care,
guidance and feedback. emphasizing the need for proper evaluation and
personalized treatment Plans.
I also appreciate the participants for sharing their
insights, as well as my colleagues, for their assistance in data
collection. Lastly, I am thankful to my family especially mt
husband and my mother in law for their unwavering support
throughout this research.

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