Scribd
Upload
2 views

Integration-of-Inverse-Trigonometric-Functions

The document provides formulas for integrating inverse trigonometric functions, including examples and solutions. It outlines specific integrals involving square roots and constants, demonstrating how to rewrite integrands for easier evaluation. Sample problems are solved step-by-step to illustrate the application of these formulas.

Uploaded by

elrodjosh350
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

Integration-of-Inverse-Trigonometric-Functions

The document provides formulas for integrating inverse trigonometric functions, including examples and solutions. It outlines specific integrals involving square roots and constants, demonstrating how to rewrite integrands for easier evaluation. Sample problems are solved step-by-step to illustrate the application of these formulas.

Uploaded by

elrodjosh350
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

Integration of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

The following formulas for evaluating the integrals of inverse trigonometric functions. In
these formulas “u” are differentiable functions of u and the letter “a” is constant.
𝑑𝑢 𝑢
1. ∫ √𝑎2 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑎) + 𝐶
−𝑢2

𝑑𝑢 1 𝑢
2. ∫ 𝑎2 +𝑢2 = 𝑎 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 (𝑎) + 𝐶
𝑑𝑢 1 𝑢
3. ∫ = 𝑎 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑐 (𝑎) + 𝐶
𝑢√𝑢2 −𝑎2

Sample Problems:
𝑑𝑥
1. ∫
√4−9𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
2. ∫
𝑥√4𝑥 2 −9
𝑑𝑥
3. ∫
16+𝑥 2
𝑥𝑑𝑥
4. ∫
𝑥 4 +3
𝑑𝑥
5. ∫
𝑥√𝑥 4 −1
𝑥+9
6. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2 +9
𝑑𝑥
7. ∫
𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
8. ∫
9+4𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥

Solutions:
𝑑𝑥
1. ∫
√4−9𝑥 2

𝑌𝑜𝑢 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑤𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑠:


𝑑𝑥
=∫
√(2)2 − (3𝑥)2
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑎 = 2
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 3𝑥
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
=3 ; = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 3
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑢, 𝑎, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑥 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑:
𝑑𝑢
=∫ 3
√𝑎2 − 𝑢2
𝑑𝑢 1
=∫ ( )
3 √𝑎2 − 𝑢2
𝑑𝑢
=∫
3√𝑎2 − 𝑢2
1 𝑑𝑢
= ∫
3 √𝑎2 − 𝑢2
1 𝑢
= [𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ) + 𝐶]
3 𝑎
1 3𝑥
= arcsin ( ) + 𝐶
3 2

𝑑𝑥
2. ∫
𝑥√4𝑥 2 −9

𝑌𝑜𝑢 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑤𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑠:


𝑑𝑥
=∫
𝑥√(2𝑥)2 − (3)2
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑎 = 3
𝑢
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 2𝑥 ; 𝑥=
2
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
=2 ; = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑢, 𝑎, 𝑥, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑥 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑:
𝑑𝑢
=∫𝑢 2
√𝑢2 − 𝑎2
2
𝑑𝑢
=∫ 2
𝑢√𝑢2 − 𝑎2
2
𝑑𝑢 2
=∫ ( )
2 𝑢√𝑢2 − 𝑎2
𝑑𝑢 1
=∫ ( )
1 𝑢√𝑢2 − 𝑎2
𝑑𝑢
=∫
𝑢√𝑢2 − 𝑎2
1 𝑢
= 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑐 ( ) + 𝐶
𝑎 𝑎
1 2𝑥
= arcsin ( ) + 𝐶
3 3

𝑑𝑥
3. ∫
16+𝑥 2

𝑌𝑜𝑢 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑤𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑠:


𝑑𝑥
=∫
(4)2 + (𝑥)2
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑎 = 4
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑥
𝑑𝑢
=1
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑢, 𝑎, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑥 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑:
𝑑𝑢
=∫
𝑎2 + 𝑢2
1 𝑢
= 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( ) + 𝐶
𝑎 𝑎
1 𝑥
= 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( ) + 𝐶
4 4

𝑥𝑑𝑥
4. ∫
𝑥 4 +3

𝑌𝑜𝑢 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑤𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑠:


𝑥𝑑𝑥
=∫
(𝑥 2 )2 + (√3)2
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑎 = √3
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑢
= 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑥𝑑𝑥
2
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑢, 𝑎, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑:
𝑑𝑢
=∫ 2
(𝑢) + (𝑎)2
2

𝑑𝑢 1
=∫ ( 2 )
2 𝑢 + 𝑎2
𝑑𝑢
=∫
2(𝑢2 + 𝑎2 )
1 𝑑𝑢
= ∫ 2
2 𝑢 + 𝑎2
1 1 𝑥2
= [ 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( ) + 𝐶]
2 √3 √3
1 𝑥2
= 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( ) + 𝐶
2√3 √3

𝑌𝑜𝑢 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝑖𝑡 𝑓𝑢𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑦 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟:


1√3 𝑥2 √3
= ( ) 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 [( ) ( )] + 𝐶
2√3 √3 √3 √3

√3 𝑥 2 √3
= 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 [( )] + 𝐶
2(√3)2 (√3)2

√3 𝑥 2 √3
= 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 [( )] + 𝐶
2(3) 3

√3 𝑥 2 √3
= 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 [( )] + 𝐶
6 3

𝑑𝑥
5. ∫
𝑥√𝑥 4 −1

𝑌𝑜𝑢 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑤𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑠:


𝑑𝑥
=∫
𝑥√(𝑥 2 )2 − (1)2
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑎 = 1
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
= 2𝑥 ; = 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
=∫ ( )
𝑥√(𝑥 2 )2 − (1)2 𝑥
𝑥𝑑𝑥
=∫
𝑥 2 √(𝑥 2 )2 − (1)2
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑢, 𝑎, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑:
𝑑𝑢
=∫ 2
𝑢√𝑢 − 𝑎2
2

𝑑𝑢 1
=∫ ( )
2 𝑢√𝑢2 − 𝑎2
𝑑𝑢
=∫
2𝑢√𝑢2 − 𝑎2
1 𝑑𝑢
= ∫
2 𝑢√𝑢2 − 𝑎2
1 1 𝑢
= [ 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑐 ( ) + 𝐶]
2 𝑎 𝑎
1 1 𝑥2
= [ 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑐 ( ) + 𝐶]
2 1 1
1
= 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑐(𝑥 2 ) + 𝐶
2

𝑥+9
6. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2 +9

𝑌𝑜𝑢 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑤𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑠:


𝑥 9
=∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2 + 9 𝑥2 + 9
𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
=∫ + 9 ∫
𝑥2 + 9 𝑥2 + 9
𝑓𝑜𝑟 1𝑠𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚:
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 + 9
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
= 2𝑥 ; = 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑢 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚:
𝑑𝑢
=∫
2
𝑢
𝑑𝑢
=∫
2
𝑢
𝑑𝑢 1
=∫ ( )
2 𝑢
𝑑𝑢
=∫
2𝑢
1 𝑑𝑢
= ∫
2 𝑢
1
= [𝑙𝑛|𝑢|]
2
1
= 𝑙𝑛|𝑥 2 + 9|
2
𝑓𝑜𝑟 2𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚:
𝑌𝑜𝑢 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑤𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚′𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑠:
𝑑𝑥
= 9∫
(𝑥)2 + (3)2
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑎 = 3
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= 1 ; 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑢, 𝑎, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑥 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚:
𝑑𝑢
= 9∫
𝑢2 + 𝑎2
1 𝑢
= 9 [ 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( )]
𝑎 𝑎
1 𝑥
= 9 [ 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( )]
3 3
𝑥
= 3𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( )
3

1 𝑥
= 𝑙𝑛|𝑥 2 + 9| + 3𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( ) + 𝐶
2 3

𝑑𝑥
7. ∫
𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥

𝑌𝑜𝑢 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑤𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑠:


𝑑𝑥
=∫
1
𝑒𝑥 +
𝑒𝑥
𝑌𝑜𝑢 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝑖𝑡 𝑓𝑢𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟:
𝑑𝑥
=∫
𝑒 𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 ) + 1
𝑒𝑥
𝑑𝑥
= ∫ 𝑥+𝑥
𝑒 +1
𝑒𝑥
𝑑𝑥
= ∫ 2𝑥
𝑒 +1
𝑒𝑥
𝑒𝑥
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥 ( 2𝑥 )
𝑒 +1
𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= ∫ 2𝑥
𝑒 +1
𝑌𝑜𝑢 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑤𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑠:
𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
=∫ 𝑥 2
(𝑒 ) + (1)2
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑎 = 1
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑒𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑢, 𝑎, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑:
𝑑𝑢
=∫
𝑢2 + 𝑎2
1 𝑢
= 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( ) + 𝐶
𝑎 𝑎
1 𝑒𝑥
= 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( ) + 𝐶
1 1
= arctan (𝑒 𝑥 ) + 𝐶

𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
8. ∫
9+4𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥

𝑌𝑜𝑢 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑤𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑠:


𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
=∫
(3)2 + (2𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥)2
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑎 = 3
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 2𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= 2𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
2
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑢, 𝑎, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑:
𝑑𝑢
=∫
2
𝑎 + 𝑢2
2

𝑑𝑢 1
=∫ ( 2 )
2 𝑎 + 𝑢2
𝑑𝑢
=∫
2(𝑎2 + 𝑢2 )
1 𝑑𝑢
= ∫ 2
2 𝑎 + 𝑢2
1 1 𝑢
= [ 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( ) + 𝐶]
2 𝑎 𝑎
1 1 2𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥
= [ 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( ) + 𝐶]
2 3 3
1 2𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥
= 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( )+𝐶
6 3

You might also like