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3.-ACID-BASE-TITRATION

The document outlines an acid-base titration experiment aimed at standardizing a solution and determining the percent acetic acid in vinegar. It details the methodology, results, and calculations involved in the titration process, including the importance of proper technique to avoid inaccuracies. The experiment demonstrates the principles of acid-base reactions and the use of indicators to identify the endpoint of the titration.

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Ianna Nadine Sapio
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6 views4 pages

3.-ACID-BASE-TITRATION

The document outlines an acid-base titration experiment aimed at standardizing a solution and determining the percent acetic acid in vinegar. It details the methodology, results, and calculations involved in the titration process, including the importance of proper technique to avoid inaccuracies. The experiment demonstrates the principles of acid-base reactions and the use of indicators to identify the endpoint of the titration.

Uploaded by

Ianna Nadine Sapio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NAME: Ianna Nadine P.

Sapio
PROGRAM-YEAR & SEC: BSBIO-2

EXPERIMENT 3
ACID-BASE TITRATION

I. INTRODUCTION
An acid-base titration is the concentration of an acid solution with a known base
solution, indicating that this is also included in the titration and must be based on a
neutralization reaction. The equivalence point is indicated by a color change in the
indicator. On the other hand, the titration status also shows a color change, which is called
the end point of the titration. For correct titration results, a method can be used to see the
points of difference between the endpoint of the titration and the equivalence. Acid-base
titrations can also be used to quantify the purity of chemicals.
The experiment was conducted with the following objectives:
1. To know how to standardize a solution
2. To apply the volumetric method of analysis in determining percent acetic
acid in vinegar.

II. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS


A. Determination of the Normality of Sodium Hydroxide
Sample T1 T2 T3
Final Reading HCl (mL) 10.2mL 10.2mL 10.25mL
Initial Reading HCl (mL) 0.00mL 0.00mL 0.00mL
Volume of HCl used(mL) 10.2mL 10.2mL 10.25mL
Normality of Standard HCl (N) 0.1N 0.1N 0.1N
Volume of NaOH (mL) 10.0mL 10.0mL 10.0mL
Normality of NaOH (N) 0.102N 0.102N 0.1025N
Average Normality of NaOH (N) 0.1022N
Computation:
(V x C) acid = (Vx C) base

B. Determination of the Percent Acetic Acid in Vinegar


Sample T1 T2 T3
Volume of Vinegar (mL) 1.0 mL 1.0 mL 1.0 mL
Final Reading NaOH (mL) 8.7 mL 9.05 mL 9.0 mL
Initial Reading NaOH (mL) 0.00 mL 0.00 mL 1.00 mL
Volume of NaOH used(mL) 8.7 mL 9.05 mL 9.0 mL
Average Normality of NaOH (N) 0.1022N
Density of Vinegar 1.05 g/mL
Mass of Acetic Acid
% Acetic acid (%m/m)
Ave % Acetic acid (%m/m)

Computation
molar mass Acetic Acid
mg HC2H3O2 = (VxN) NaOH x =
2
1000 mg
mass Vinegar = Density of Vinegar x Volume of Vinegar used x = 1050 mg
1g

% HC2H3O2 = weight acetic acid x 100 =


weight vinegar

III. ANALYSIS
1. How would the following wrong techniques affect calculations in titration?
a. Not rinsing the burette prior to using it
- Due to the fact, that all burettes are made of glass, it can absorb and remain
water on the surface, because of the polarity of the glass and intermolecular forces.
Thus, you have to rinse the burette with a solution which must be filled in it
because distilled water changes the concentration of the initial solution.
b. There is air in the tip of the burette
- Burets measure the amount of liquid delivered through the tip. If an air
bubble exits the tip during a titration that volume of air will be registered as some of the
volume of titrant that left the buret. A bubble in the nozzle of a buret will produce
an inaccurate volume reading if the bubble escapes during a titration.
c. Adding 20 drops of phenolphthalein indicator
The indicator itself is either a weak acid or a weak base. Adding too much indicator will
force your titration to significantly include the indicator an an interfering analyte
component competing with your titrant against the acid or base which you are expecting to
measure. Also, too much indicator will affect the final pH, lowering the accuracy of the
experiment.

2. What is the endpoint in A and B? What does the endpoint signify?


The endpoint in data A occurs in the reaction of the sodium hydroxide and the
hydrogen chloride with the presence of indicator that turns the solution from pink to
colorless, while in the endpoint of data B happens when sodium hydroxide and acetic acid
react as well with the in presence of phenolphthalein as an indicator that turn the solution
from colorless to pink. An endpoint represents the stage of titration that indicates the
completion of the titration with the help of the change in color or intensity of the solution.

IV. SUMMARY AND GENERALIZATIONS


Titration is a technique for determining either the concentration of a solution of
unknown molarity or the number of moles of a substance in a given sample. A chemical
reaction is used for this purpose, and the reaction must be fast, be complete, and have a
determinable end point. The reactions of strong acids and bases generally meet these
criteria, and acid-base titrations are among the most important examples of this technique.
In this experiment, the sample is hydrogen chloride as acid substance and sodium
hydroxide as base substance where the concentration of hydrogen chloride is unknown.
Given that, the concentration of the base is 0.1 N.
The experiment is a strong acid-strong base titration. From this experiment, we can
analyze the concentration of base when the concentration of acid is known. The HCl
solution, added with a few drops of phenolphthalein, is placed into the Erlenmeyer flask
and the NaOH solution is slowly added from the burette into the HCl solution in small
drops. Phenolphthalein indicator is used to determine the end-point of the titrated solution.
It can be determined when the colorless titrated solution changes to pink color. After
recording the readings from the burette, calculation takes place using the given formula
and the average volume of NaOH solution used from the results.
Also in this experiment, a solution of vinegar has been provided for analysis. The
active ingredient in vinegar is acetic acid, CH3COOH. In order to determine the amount of
acetic acid in the vinegar, the acetic acid will be titrated with a solution of known
concentration of sodium hydroxide. In this titration, a few drops of phenolphthalein was
added to the acid in the Erlenmeyer flask. This point in the titration the indicator changes
the color of the solution.
Acid-base titration is important which aims to determine the concentration of an
acidic solution by titrating it with a known concentration of a base solution, or vice versa,
until neutralization. Therefore, air and salt are produced when a strong acid and a strong
base react.

V. REFERENCES
https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/titration-question.464771/
https://ncert.nic.in/pdf/publication/sciencelaboratorymanuals/classXI/chemistry/kelm206.pdf
https://www.scribd.com/embeds/20300492/content?
start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-fFexxf7r1bzEfWu3HKwf

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