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Class-Notes-2-Inter-State-Relations

The document outlines the constitutional provisions and mechanisms for inter-state relations in India, including the adjudication of water disputes, establishment of inter-state councils, and regulations on trade and commerce. It details the roles of various councils and tribunals, such as the Inter-State Water Disputes Act and Zonal Councils, in facilitating cooperation and resolving conflicts between states. Additionally, it highlights the framework for ensuring free trade and commerce across state lines while allowing for certain restrictions in the public interest.

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Sibasish Rout
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
2 views

Class-Notes-2-Inter-State-Relations

The document outlines the constitutional provisions and mechanisms for inter-state relations in India, including the adjudication of water disputes, establishment of inter-state councils, and regulations on trade and commerce. It details the roles of various councils and tribunals, such as the Inter-State Water Disputes Act and Zonal Councils, in facilitating cooperation and resolving conflicts between states. Additionally, it highlights the framework for ensuring free trade and commerce across state lines while allowing for certain restrictions in the public interest.

Uploaded by

Sibasish Rout
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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‭(Polity)‬

‭(INTER-STATE RELATIONS)‬

‭INTER-STATE‬‭RELATIONS‬‭...........................................................................................................‬‭2‬
I‭ nter-State‬‭Water‬‭Disputes‬‭...........................................................................................................................‬‭2‬
‭Inter-State‬‭Councils‬‭......................................................................................................................................‬‭3‬
‭Establishment‬‭of‬‭Inter-State‬‭Council‬‭...........................................................................................................‬‭3‬
‭Inter-State‬‭Trade‬‭&‬‭Commerce‬‭....................................................................................................................‬‭4‬
‭Zonal‬‭Councils‬‭..............................................................................................................................................‬‭4‬
‭North-Eastern‬‭Council‬‭..................................................................................................................................‬‭5‬

“‭ All‬‭material‬‭appearing‬‭on‬‭the‬ ‭“Sarrthi‬‭IAS”‬‭("content")‬ ‭is‬‭protected‬‭by‬ ‭©‬‭copyright‬ ‭.‬‭You‬‭may‬‭not‬‭copy,‬


‭reproduce,‬ ‭distribute,‬ ‭publish,‬ ‭display,‬ ‭perform,‬ ‭modify,‬ ‭create‬ ‭derivative‬ ‭works,‬ ‭transmit,‬ ‭or‬ ‭in‬ ‭any‬‭way‬
‭exploit any such content”‬

‭1‬
‭(Polity)‬
‭(INTER-STATE RELATIONS)‬

I‭ NTER-STATE RELATIONS‬
‭The‬‭Constitution makes the following provisions‬‭with‬‭regard to inter-state peaceful Coexistence:‬
‭●‬ ‭Adjudication of inter-state water disputes (Article 262) .‬
‭●‬ ‭Coordination through inter-state councils (Article 263).‬
‭●‬ ‭Mutual recognition of public acts, records and judicial proceedings.‬
‭●‬ ‭Freedom of inter-state trade, commerce and intercourse (Articles 301 to 307)‬
‭●‬ ‭Zonal councils - established‬‭by the Parliament‬

‭Constitutional provisions for Inter-State Water Disputes‬


‭●‬ ‭Entry 56 of the Union List‬‭- development and regulation‬‭of interstate rivers and river valleys‬
‭under the Indian Constitution.‬
‭●‬ ‭Entry 17 of the State List‬‭- issues pertaining to‬‭water, including irrigation, water supply, water‬
‭storage, drainage, embankments, canals, and water power.‬

‭●‬ ‭Article 262‬‭of the Constitution provides for the adjudication‬‭of inter-state water disputes.‬
‭○‬ P‭ arliament‬‭may‬‭by‬‭law‬‭provide‬‭for‬‭the‬‭adjudication‬‭of‬‭any‬‭dispute‬‭with‬‭respect‬‭to‬‭the‬‭use,‬
‭distribution and control of waters of any inter-state river and river valley‬
‭○‬ ‭Parliament‬‭may‬‭also‬‭provide‬‭that‬‭neither‬‭SC‬‭nor‬‭any‬‭other‬‭court‬‭is‬‭to‬‭exercise‬‭jurisdiction‬
‭in respect of any such dispute or complaint‬

‭●‬ ‭Under Article 262, the Parliament has enacted two laws‬
‭○‬ ‭The‬‭River‬‭Boards‬‭Act‬‭1956‬‭→‬ ‭By‬‭Government‬‭of‬‭India‬‭under‬‭entry‬‭56‬‭of‬‭List‬‭I‬‭(Union‬‭List)‬
o‭ f‬ ‭the‬ ‭VII‬‭th‬ ‭schedule‬ ‭to‬ ‭the‬ ‭Constitution.‬ ‭The‬ ‭River‬ ‭Boards‬ ‭Act‬ ‭allows‬ ‭the‬ ‭Central‬
‭Government‬‭to‬‭set‬‭up‬‭River‬‭Boards,‬‭at‬‭the‬‭request‬‭of‬‭state‬‭governments,‬‭to‬‭advise‬‭on‬‭the‬
‭planning and development of inter-state rivers.‬
‭○‬ ‭Inter-State‬ ‭Water‬ ‭Disputes‬ ‭Act‬ ‭1956‬‭→‬ ‭The‬ ‭Government‬ ‭of‬ ‭India‬ ‭has‬ ‭enacted‬ ‭it‬ ‭for‬
‭adjudication of disputes relating to waters of inter-State rivers and river valleys.‬
‭■‬ ‭When‬ ‭the‬ ‭Central‬ ‭Government‬ ‭is‬ ‭satisfied‬ ‭that‬ ‭the‬‭dispute‬‭cannot‬‭be‬‭settled‬‭by‬
‭negotiations,‬ ‭it‬ ‭is‬ ‭referred‬ ‭to‬ ‭a‬‭tribunal‬‭under‬‭the‬‭provisions‬‭of‬‭Inter‬‭State‬‭River‬
‭Water Disputes (ISRWD) Act, 1956.‬

‭2‬
‭(Polity)‬
‭(INTER-STATE RELATIONS)‬

‭Tribunal‬ Y‭ ear of‬ ‭States Involved‬ ‭Current Status‬ ‭Awards‬


‭Formation‬

R‭ avi‬ ‭&‬ ‭Beas‬ ‭Water‬ ‭1986‬ R‭ ajasthan,‬ T‭ ribunal‬ ‭term‬ ‭Matter subjudice‬
‭Tribunal‬ ‭Haryana‬ &‭ ‬ ‭extended‬
‭Punjab‬

K‭ rishna‬ ‭Water‬ ‭2004‬ A‭ ndhra‬ ‭Pradesh,‬ T‭ ribunal‬ ‭Term‬ A‭ ward‬ ‭given‬ ‭2013.‬
‭Disputes Tribunal II‬ ‭Maharashtra,‬ ‭extended‬ ‭Some‬ ‭matters‬
‭Telangana‬ ‭&‬ ‭subjudice‬
‭Karnataka‬

‭ ahadayi‬
M ‭Water‬ ‭2010‬ K‭ arnataka,‬‭Goa‬‭&‬ ‭Tribunal Exists‬ A‭ ward‬ ‭given‬ ‭2018.‬
‭Disputes Tribunal‬ ‭Maharashtra‬ ‭Some‬ ‭matters‬
‭pending‬

V‭ ansadhara‬ ‭Water‬ ‭2010‬ ‭ disha‬‭&‬‭Andhra‬ T‭ ribunal‬‭dissolved‬ ‭Yet to be published‬


O
‭Disputes Tribunal‬ ‭Pradesh‬ ‭2022‬

‭ ahanadi‬
M ‭Water‬ ‭2018‬ C‭ hhattisgarh‬ ‭&‬ ‭Tribunal Exists‬ ‭ atter‬
M ‭under‬
‭Disputes Tribunal‬ ‭Odisha‬ ‭adjudication‬

‭Inter-State Councils‬
‭●‬ ‭Article 263 - President establishes the Inter State Council in public interest.‬
‭●‬ ‭While‬‭the‬‭president‬‭has‬‭the‬‭authority‬‭to‬‭specify‬‭the‬‭functions‬‭of‬‭an‬‭interstate‬‭council,‬‭Article‬‭263‬
‭outlines the following types of functions that can be delegated to it:‬
‭○‬ ‭Enquiring into and advising upon disputes‬‭which may‬‭arise between states;‬
‭○‬ ‭Investigate subjects‬‭in which states or Centre and‬‭the states have a common interest; and‬
‭○‬ ‭Making‬ ‭recommendations‬ ‭upon‬ ‭any‬ ‭such‬ ‭subject‬‭,‬ ‭and‬ ‭particularly‬ ‭for‬ ‭the‬ ‭better‬
‭coordination of policy and action on it.‬

‭3‬
‭(Polity)‬
‭(INTER-STATE RELATIONS)‬

‭Establishment of Inter-State Council‬


‭●‬ ‭Sarkaria‬‭Commission‬‭on‬‭Centre-State‬‭Relations‬‭strongly‬‭recommended‬ ‭the‬‭establishment‬‭of‬
‭a permanent Inter-State Council under‬‭Article 263‬‭of the Constitution‬‭.‬
‭●‬ ‭With‬‭Sarkaria‬‭Commission‬‭recommendations,‬‭the‬‭Janata‬‭Dal‬‭Government‬‭headed‬‭by‬‭V.‬‭P.‬‭Singh‬
‭established the Inter-State Council in 1990. It‬‭consists‬‭of:‬
‭○‬ ‭Prime Minister as Chairman‬
‭○‬ ‭Chief ministers of all the states‬
‭○‬ ‭Chief ministers of union territories having legislative assemblies‬
‭○‬ ‭Administrators of union territories not having legislative assemblies‬
‭○‬ ‭Governors of States under President’s rule‬
‭○‬ ‭Six‬‭Central‬‭cabinet‬‭ministers,‬‭including‬‭the‬‭home‬‭minister,‬‭to‬‭be‬‭nominated‬‭by‬‭the‬‭Prime‬
‭Minister.‬
‭●‬ ‭Council‬ ‭is‬ ‭recommendatory‬ ‭body‬ ‭on‬ ‭issues‬ ‭relating‬ ‭to‬ ‭interstate,‬ ‭Centre-state‬ ‭and‬
‭Centre-Union Territories relations.‬
‭●‬ ‭The Council may meet at‬‭least thrice in a year.‬
‭●‬ ‭All questions are‬‭decided by consensus.‬
‭●‬ ‭Assisted by a secretariat called the‬‭Inter-state council‬‭secretariat.‬

‭Inter-State Trade & Commerce‬

‭Article‬ ‭Description‬

‭301‬ ‭●‬ T‭ rade, commerce, intercourse throughout the country shall be free.‬
‭●‬ ‭This freedom‬‭applies to‬‭both inter-state and intra-state‬‭trade, commerce.‬

‭302‬ ‭●‬ ‭Provides for restrictions:‬


‭○‬ ‭Parliament‬ ‭can‬ ‭impose‬ ‭restrictions‬ ‭on‬ ‭the‬ ‭above‬ ‭freedom‬ ‭in‬ ‭public‬
‭interest.‬
‭○‬ ‭Parliament‬ ‭cannot‬ ‭discriminate‬ ‭between‬ ‭states‬ ‭except‬ ‭in‬‭the‬‭case‬‭of‬
‭scarcity of goods in any part of India.‬

‭4‬
‭(Polity)‬
‭(INTER-STATE RELATIONS)‬

‭303‬ ‭●‬ ‭State legislatures‬‭can impose restrictions within‬‭that state in public interest.‬
‭●‬ ‭For such a bill,‬‭previous sanction of the President‬‭is required.‬
‭●‬ ‭States cannot discriminate between states.‬

‭304‬ ‭●‬ ‭States‬ ‭can‬ ‭impose‬ ‭any‬ ‭tax‬ ‭on‬ ‭goods‬ ‭imported‬ ‭from‬ ‭another‬ ‭state‬ ‭or‬ ‭UT‬ ‭if‬
‭similar goods are manufactured in that state.‬

‭305‬ ‭●‬ ‭The freedom (under Art. 301)‬‭is subject to nationalization‬‭laws.‬


‭●‬ ‭Parliament or state law‬‭can provide a monopoly in‬‭favor of the Centre or State.‬
‭Such laws can exclude citizens or others completely or partially from carrying‬
‭such trade.‬

‭307‬ ‭●‬ ‭Parliament‬‭can‬‭appoint‬‭an‬‭appropriate‬‭authority‬‭for‬‭carrying‬‭out‬‭the‬‭purposes‬


o‭ f‬ ‭the‬ ‭above‬ ‭provisions‬ ‭relating‬ ‭to‬ ‭the‬ ‭freedom‬ ‭of‬ ‭trade,‬ ‭commerce,‬ ‭and‬
‭intercourse and restrictions on it.‬

‭Zonal Councils‬
‭●‬ ‭Statutory‬ ‭(Extra-constitutional)‬ ‭body‬ ‭established‬ ‭under‬ ‭Reorganisation‬ ‭of‬ ‭States‬ ‭Act‬ ‭1956‬
‭(7th CAA 1956).‬
‭●‬ ‭The‬‭act‬‭divided‬‭the‬‭country‬‭into‬‭five‬‭zones:‬‭Northern,‬‭Central,‬‭Eastern,‬‭Western‬‭and‬‭Southern‬
‭and provided a zonal council for each zone.‬
‭●‬ ‭They are only deliberative and advisory bodies; recommendations are‬‭not binding‬‭.‬
‭●‬ ‭Zonal Councils should meet‬‭at least twice a year‬‭.‬
‭●‬ ‭Section‬‭16‬‭(1)‬‭of‬‭the‬‭States‬‭Reorganisation‬‭Act‬‭1956‬‭-‬‭Zonal‬‭Councils‬‭shall‬‭consist‬‭of‬‭the‬‭following‬
‭members:‬
‭○‬ ‭(a) A‬‭Union Minister - nominated by the President‬‭.‬
‭○‬ ‭(b)‬‭the‬‭Chief‬‭Minister‬‭of‬‭each‬‭of‬‭the‬‭States‬‭included‬‭in‬‭the‬‭zone‬‭and‬‭two‬‭other‬‭Ministers‬‭of‬
‭each‬‭such‬‭State‬‭to‬‭be‬‭nominated‬‭by‬‭the‬‭Governor‬‭and‬‭if‬‭there‬‭is‬‭no‬‭Council‬‭of‬‭Ministers‬‭in‬
‭any such State, three members from that State to be‬‭nominated by the President‬‭;‬
‭○‬ ‭(c)‬‭where‬‭any‬‭Union‬‭Territory‬‭is‬‭included‬‭in‬‭the‬‭zone,‬‭not‬‭more‬‭than‬‭two‬‭members‬‭from‬
‭each such territory to be nominated by the President;‬
‭●‬ ‭The‬ ‭Union‬‭Minister‬‭nominated‬‭by‬‭the‬‭President‬‭to‬‭a‬‭Zonal‬‭Council‬‭shall‬‭be‬‭its‬‭Chairman.‬‭The‬
‭President‬ ‭has‬ ‭nominated‬ ‭the‬ ‭Union‬ ‭Home‬ ‭Minister‬ ‭to‬ ‭be‬ ‭the‬ ‭Chairman‬ ‭of‬ ‭all‬ ‭the‬ ‭Zonal‬

‭5‬
‭(Polity)‬
‭(INTER-STATE RELATIONS)‬

‭Councils.‬
‭●‬ T‭ he‬‭Chief‬‭Ministers‬‭of‬‭the‬‭States‬‭included‬‭in‬‭each‬‭zone‬‭shall‬‭act‬‭as‬‭Vice-Chairman‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Zonal‬
‭Council for that zone by rotation, each holding office for a period of one year at a time.‬

‭Name‬ ‭Members‬ ‭Headquarters‬

1‭ .‬ ‭Northern‬ ‭Zonal‬ J‭ ammu‬ ‭and‬ ‭Kashmir,‬ ‭Himachal‬ ‭Pradesh,‬ ‭Haryana,‬ ‭New Delhi‬
‭Council‬ ‭Punjab, Rajasthan, Delhi, and Chandigarh‬

2‭ .‬ ‭Central‬ ‭Zonal‬ U‭ ttar‬ ‭Pradesh,‬ ‭Uttarakhand,‬ ‭Chhattisgarh,‬ ‭and‬ ‭Allahabad‬


‭Council‬ ‭Madhya Pradesh‬

3‭ .‬ ‭Eastern‬ ‭Zonal‬ ‭Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, and Odisha‬ ‭Kolkata‬


‭Council‬

4‭ .‬ ‭Western‬ ‭Zonal‬ G‭ ujarat,‬‭Maharashtra,‬‭Goa,‬‭Dadra‬‭and‬‭Nagar‬‭Haveli‬ ‭Mumbai‬


‭Council‬ ‭and Daman and Diu‬

5‭ .‬ ‭Southern‬ ‭Zonal‬ A‭ ndhra‬‭Pradesh,‬‭Telangana,‬‭Karnataka,‬‭Tamil‬‭Nadu,‬ ‭Chennai‬


‭Council‬ ‭Kerala, and Puducherry‬

‭North-Eastern Council‬
‭●‬ ‭Statutory body created by separate Act -‬‭North Eastern‬‭Council Act, 1971‬‭.‬
‭●‬ ‭Members:‬ ‭all‬ ‭North‬ ‭Eastern‬ ‭states‬ ‭-‬‭Assam,‬‭Manipur,‬‭Mizoram,‬‭Arunachal‬‭Pradesh,‬‭Nagaland,‬
‭Meghalaya, Tripura and Sikkim.‬
‭●‬ ‭Composition:‬
‭○‬ ‭Governor of the States;‬
‭○‬ ‭Chief Ministers of the States;‬
‭○‬ ‭Three members to be nominated by the President.‬
‭●‬ ‭The President nominates the Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the Council.‬
‭●‬ ‭Generally,‬ ‭the‬ ‭Union‬ ‭Home‬ ‭Minister‬ ‭is‬ ‭appointed‬ ‭as‬ ‭Chairman‬ ‭and‬ ‭the‬ ‭Minister‬ ‭DoNER‬ ‭is‬
‭appointed as Vice-Chairman of the NEC.‬

‭6‬
‭(Polity)‬
‭(INTER-STATE RELATIONS)‬

‭7‬

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