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A400-00

The document outlines the American National Standard A 400 – 69, which serves as a guide for selecting steel bars based on composition and mechanical properties. It categorizes steel bars into three classes (P, Q, and R) based on their mechanical properties and intended applications, with specific tables detailing the properties and compositions. The standard is approved for use by the Department of Defense and provides procurement specifications for various steel types.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
41 views

A400-00

The document outlines the American National Standard A 400 – 69, which serves as a guide for selecting steel bars based on composition and mechanical properties. It categorizes steel bars into three classes (P, Q, and R) based on their mechanical properties and intended applications, with specific tables detailing the properties and compositions. The standard is approved for use by the Department of Defense and provides procurement specifications for various steel types.

Uploaded by

tecnico2.jbs
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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An American National Standard

Designation: A 400 – 69 (Reapproved 2000)

Standard Practice for


Steel Bars, Selection Guide, Composition, and Mechanical
Properties1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 400; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope A 108 Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Cold-Finished,


1.1 This practice is intended as a guide for the selection of Standard Quality2
steel bars according to section and to the mechanical properties A 304 Specification for Steel Bars, Alloy, Subject to End-
desired in the part to be produced. This is not a specification for Quench Hardenability Requirements2
the procurement of steel. Applicable procurement specifica- A 311/A 311M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon,
tions are listed in Section 5. Stress-Relieved, Cold-Drawn, Subject to Mechanical
1.2 Several steel compositions intended for various sections Property Requirements2
and mechanical property requirements are presented in Tables A 322 Specification for Steel Bars, Alloy, Standard Grades2
1-6. The criteria for placing a steel composition in one of the A 633/A 633M Specification for Normalized High-
three general class designations, Classes P, Q, and R (described Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel Plates3
in Section 4) are as follows: A 675/A 675M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-
1.2.1 Classes P and Q should be capable of developing the Wrought, Special Quality, Mechanical Properties2
mechanical properties shown in Tables 1-4 by liquid quenching 3. Significance and Use
from a suitable austenitizing temperature, and tempering at
800°F (427°C) or higher. A hardness indicated by tests made at 3.1 If the desired mechanical properties are as described in
a location shown in Fig. 1, A, B, or C, is taken as evidence that 4.1.1 for material identified as Classes P-1 through P-7, or in
a composition is capable of meeting other equivalent mechani- 4.1.2 for material identified as Classes Q-1 through Q-7, the
cal properties shown in the tables. Normal good shop practices strength level desired can be based on hardness or the
are assumed, with control of austenitizing and tempering equivalent tensile or yield strength as shown in Tables 1-4. If
temperatures, and mild agitation of the part in the quenching the desired mechanical properties are as set forth in 4.1.3 for
bath. material identified as Classes R-1 through R-6, the strength
1.2.2 Class R should be capable of developing the me- level is based on yield strength as shown in Tables 5 and 6.
chanical properties shown in Tables 5 and 6 as hot rolled, by 3.2 The user, after determining the mechanical property
cold drawing, or by cold drawing with additional thermal requirements of the critical section (that carrying the greatest
treatment. The locations for obtaining tension tests are de- stress) of the part, should select the composition or composi-
scribed in 6.2. tions from Tables 1-6 that fulfills these requirements and is
1.3 It is not implied that the compositions listed in the tables most suitable for processing.
are the only ones satisfactory for a certain class and mechanical 4. Classification
property requirement. Steels with lower alloy contents are
often satisfactory through the use of special processing tech- 4.1 Steel bar compositions under this practice are classified
niques. according to mechanical property requirements and the critical
section size of the part to be produced, as follows:
2. Referenced Documents 4.1.1 Classes P-1 through P-7 comprise bars for parts to
2.1 ASTM Standards: operate under severe service conditions requiring high yield
strength (90 000 psi (621 MPa) and over), good ductility, and
relatively high notch toughness. The applicable section sizes,
identified as Classes P-1 through P-7, are shown in Table 7.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, The steel compositions suitable for Classes P-1 through P-7
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.15 on Bars.
Current edition approved Nov. 14, 1969. Originally published as A 400–56. Last
2
previous edition A 400–67. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.04.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

1
A 400 – 69 (2000)
TABLE 1 Steels for Moderately Quenched Parts—Classes P-1 Through P-7
(Applicable to oil-quenching or equivalent rate of heat-removal.)

NOTE 1—Steels listed as approved for a certain section or strength may be used for lighter sections and lower strengths.
NOTE 2—Steel composition numbers correspond to SAE, AISI, or ASTM designations. Those in italics are no longer considered standard grades due
to decreased usage.
NOTE 3—An H-steel with the same grade designation as a standard SAE-AISI steel is capable of meeting the same section and strength requirements
as the standard steel (see ASTM Specification A 304), and is the preferred method of specification.
NOTE 4—Steels having a maximum carbon content of 0.40 % or over, or a hardness of HB 293 or over after heat-treating, are not recommended for
applications involving welding.
Class
P-1 P-2 P-3 P-4 P-5 P-6 P-7

B Diameter of Round (or Distance Between Faces of Square


Equivalent Equivalent Minimum
Desired Minimum or Hexagonal) Sections, in.C
Tensile Yield As-Quenched
Hardness
Strength, psiA Strength, psiA Hardness To 1⁄2, incl Over 1⁄2 to 1, Over 1 to Over 11⁄2 Over 2 to Over 21⁄2 Over 3
incl 11⁄2, incl to 2, incl 21⁄2, incl to 3, incl to 31⁄2,
incl
Thickness of Flat Sections, in.C
To 0.3, incl Over 0.3 to Over 0.6 Over 1 Over 1.3 Over 1.6 Over 2.0
HB HRC HB HRC 0.6, incl to 1, to 1.3, to 1.6, to 2.0, to 2.3,
incl incl incl incl incl
229 to 293, 20 to 33, 110 000 to 90 000 to 388 42 1330
incl incl 145 000, 125 000,
4130 50B30
incl incl
5132
8630
Over 293 Over 33 Over 145 000 Over 125 000 409 44 1335 94B30 3140 4137 4142 9840 4337
to 341, to 38, to 170 000, to 150 000,
3135 4135
incl incl incl
4042 4640
incl
5135 8640
8740
Over 341 Over 38 Over 170 000 Over 150 000 455 48 1340 4137 4140 4145 4147 4340
to 388, to 42, to 190 000, to 170 000,
3140 6145 TS4140 9840 4337
incl incl incl incl
4047 8642 86B45
4135 8645 94B40
5140 8742
8637
TS14B50
50B40
Over 388 to Over 42 Over 190 000 Over 496 51 1345 8645 5147 4142 8660 4147 4150 E4340
429, incl to 45, to 205 000, 170 000 4063 8740 5155 4145 9840 4161 4161 9850
incl incl to 185 000, 4068 8742 5160 4337 4340 TS4150
incl 4140 9260 6150 8650 86B45
4640 9261 9262 8655
5145 TS4140 50B60
5150 50B46 94B40 51B60
8640 50B44 81B45
8642 50B50
A
1 psi = 0.006895 MPa.
B
Minimum as-quenched hardness for obtaining desired hardness after tempering at 800°F (427°C) or higher.
C
1 in. = 25.4 mm.

and for various desired mechanical properties are listed in in Table 7. The steel compositions capable of developing the
Tables 1 and 2. various desired mechanical properties are listed in Tables 5 and
4.1.2 Classes Q-1 through Q-7 comprise bars for parts 6.
operating under moderate service conditions requiring moder-
ate to high yield strength (75 000 to 185 000 psi (517 to 1276 5. Applicable Procurement Specifications
MPa)), corresponding tensile-strength levels, and good ductil- 5.1 For procurement of steel, it is recommended that the
ity. The applicable section sizes, identified as Classes Q-1 following ASTM specifications of latest issue be used: Speci-
through Q-7, are shown in Table 7. The steel compositions fication A 108, Specification A 304, Specification A 311/
suitable for Classes Q-1 through Q-7 and various desired A 311M, Specification A 322, Specification A 633/ A 633M,
mechanical properties are listed in Tables 3 and 4. and Specification A 675/A 675M.
4.1.3 Classes R-1 through R-6 comprise bars for parts
requiring a lower yield strength (30 000 to 120 000 psi (207 6. Location at Which Desired Properties Are Obtained
to 827 MPa)), with fair to good ductility. The applicable 6.1 Classes P-1 Through P-7 and Q-1 Through Q-7—The
section sizes, identified as Classes R-1 through R-6, are shown mechanical properties shown in Tables 1-4 are based on

2
A 400 – 69 (2000)
TABLE 2 Steels for Drastically Quenched Parts—Classes P-1 Through P-7
(Applicable to water-quenching or equivalent rate of heat-removal — See Note 5)

NOTE 1—Steels listed as approved for heavier sections or higher strengths may be used in the same conditions for lighter sections and lower strengths.
NOTE 2—Steel composition numbers correspond to ASE, AISI, or ASTM designations. Those in italics are no longer considered standard grades due
to decreased usage.
NOTE 3—An H-steel with the same grade designation as a standard SAE-AISI steel is capable of meeting the same section and strength requirements
as the standard steel (see ASTM Specification A 304), and is the preferred method of specification.
NOTE 4—Steels having a maximum carbon content of 0.40 % or over, or a hardness of HB 293 or over after heat-treating, are not recommended for
applications involving welding.
NOTE 5—Parts made of steel with a carbon content of 0.33 % or higher, where the section is under 1 1/2 in. (38.1 mm) should not be quenched in
water without careful exploration for quench-cracking.
Class
P-1 P-2 P-3 P-4 P-5 P-6 P-7

B Diameter of Round (or Distance Between Faces of Square


Equivalent Equivalent Minimum
Desired Minimum or Hexagonal) Sections, in.C
Tensile Yield As-Quenched
Hardness
Strength, psiA Strength, psiA Hardness To 1⁄2, incl Over Over 1 to Over Over 2 Over 21⁄2 Over 3
⁄ to 1,
12 11⁄2, incl 11⁄2to to 21⁄2, to 3, incl to 31⁄2,
incl 2, incl incl incl
Thickness of Flat Sections, in.C
HB HRC HB HRC To 0.3, incl Over 0.3 Over 0.6 Over Over 1.3 Over 1.6 Over 2.0
to 0.6, to 1.0, 1.0 to 1.6, to 2.0, to 2.3,
incl incl to 1.3, incl incl incl
incl
229 to 293, 20 to 33, 110 000 to 90 000 to 388 42 8625 4130 94B30
incl incl 145 000, 125 000,
8627 5130
incl incl
8630
50B30
Over 293 Over 33 Over 145 000 Over 125 000 409 44 4032 1330 1335 1340D 3140 4137
to 341, to 38, 4037 5132 5135 3135D 4135 4337
incl incl to 170 000, to 150 000, 4130 94B30 5140 4640 9840
incl incl 5130 50B40 8637D
8630 8640
TS14B35 8740
508B30
A
1 psi = 0.006895 MPa.
B
Minimum as-quenched hardness for obtaining desired hardness after tempering at 800°F (427°C) or higher.
C
1 in. = 25.4 mm.
D
These steels have insufficient hardenability for Class P-4, because of difference in test locations, but are satisfactory for other smaller sizes.

obtaining hardness test specimens from the locations shown in parallel faces from the surface for larger sections.
Fig. 1, A, B, and C. For bars, the location should be at least
twice the diameter or minimum distance between faces from an 7. Hardness Criteria for Quenched and Tempered Parts
end; and for flat sections, at least twice the thickness from an
7.1 Classes Q-1 Through Q-7—To obtain the properties
edge.
stated in 4.1.2 at the locations shown in Fig. 1, A, B, and C, a
6.2 Classes R-1 Through R-6—The mechanical properties
microstructure containing a minimum of 50 % martensite is
shown in Tables 5 and 6 are based on obtaining tension test
necessary.
specimens from the following locations:
6.2.1 Center of bars or plates under 11⁄2 in. (38.1 mm) in
8. Keywords
diameter or in distance between parallel surfaces, and
6.2.2 Mid-radius or a quarter of the distance between 8.1 steel bars

3
A 400 – 69 (2000)
TABLE 3 Steels for Moderately Quenched Parts—Classes Q-1 Through Q-7
(Applicable to oil-quenching or equivalent rate of heat-removal.)

NOTE 1—Steels listed as approved for heavier sections or higher strengths may be used in the same conditions for lighter sections and lower strengths.
NOTE 2—Steel composition numbers correspond to ASE, AISI, or ASTM designations. Those in italics are no longer considered standard grades due
to decreased usage.
NOTE 3—An H-steel with the same grade designation as a standard SAE-AISI steel is capable of meeting the same section and strength requirements
as the standard steel (see ASTM Specification A 304), and is the preferred method of specification.
NOTE 4—Steels having a maximum carbon content of 0.40 % or over, or a hardness of HB 293 or over after heat-treating, are not recommended for
applications involving welding.

4
A 400 – 69 (2000)
TABLE 4 Steels for Drastically Quenched Parts—Classes Q-1 Through Q-7

5
A 400 – 69 (2000)
TABLE 5 Steels for Parts Manufactured From Hot RolledA and Cold DrawnB,C Bars—Classes R-1 Through R-6

NOTE 1—Steels listed as approved for heavier section or higher strengths may be used in the same conditions for lighter sections and lower strengths.
NOTE 2—Steel composition numbers correspond to ASE, AISI, or ASTM designations. Those in italics are no longer considered standard grades due
to decreased usage.
NOTE 3—Hot-rolled 1000 series steels with a maximum carbon content of 0.40 % only are approved for welding. Only cold-drawn 1000 series steels
used in the strength level and section thickness for which hot-rolled steels of the same composition are approved may be welded, and in this case caution
should be exercised to see that excessive grain growth does not occur in the heat-affected zone.
Class
R-1 R-2 R-3 and R-4 R-5 and R-6
Desired Minimum Diameters of Round or Approximately Round Sections, in.E
Yield Strength,
psiD To 1⁄2, incl Over 1⁄2 to 1, incl Over 1 to 2, incl Over 2 to 3, incl
E
Thickness of Flat Sections, in.
To 0.3, incl Over 0.3 to 0.6, incl Over 0.6 to 1.3, incl Over 1.3 to 2.0, incl
Over 30 000 to HR 1016 HR 1020 HR 1016 HR 1020 HR 1018 HR 1018
35 000, incl HR 1018 HR 1018 HR 1022 HR 1019 HR 1022
HR 1019 HR 1019 HR 1021 HR 1030
Over 35 000 to HR 1022 HR 1030 HR 1030 HR 1035
40 000, incl HR 1030 HR 1035 HR 1035
Over 40 000 to HR 1035 HR 1040 CD 1010 CD 1010 HR 1045
45 000, incl HR 1040 CD 1015
HR 1040
Over 45 000 to CD 1010 CD 1010 CD 1015 CD 1020 HR 1137
50 000, incl HR 1040 CD 1015 HR 1045 CD 1115
HR 1045 HR 1045 HR 1137 HR 1050
Over 50 000 to CD 1015 CD 1020 HR 1137 CD 1018 CD 1115 CD 1018 HR 1141
55 000, incl HR 1050 CD 1115 HR 1141 CD 1020 HR 1050 CD 1019 HR 1141
HR 1137 HR 1050 HR 1141 CD 1025
CD 1025 HR 1144
Over 55 000 to CD 1018 CD 1115 CD 1018 HR 1144 CD 1019 CD 1120 CD 1022 CD 1120
60 000, incl CD 1025 CD 1019 CD 1022 CD 1117
CD 1019 HR 1141 CD 1025 CD 1117 CD 1118
CD 1020 HR 1144
A
Hot-rolled bars are indicated in table by prefix “HR.”
B
Cold-drawn bars are indicated in table by prefix “CD.” These bars are produced by normal practice in cold-drawing and with no stress relief. Bars cold-finished by
turning, grinding, turning and polishing, etc., are not covered under cold-drawn bars, as such cold-finished bars have the properties of hot-rolled bars.
C
Classification of cold-drawn steels by size and yield-strength level in this table is based on yield-strength determinations at 0.2 % offset, or as determined by 0.005
in./in. elongation under load for yield strengths up to 90 000 psi, incl, and by 0.006 in./in. elongation under load for yield strengths above 90 000 psi.
D
1 psi = 0.006895 MPa.
E
1 in. = 25.4 mm.

6
A 400 – 69 (2000)
TABLE 6 Steels for Parts Produced From Cold-Drawn and Cold-Drawn Stress-Relieved Bars—Classes R-1 Through R-6A,B

NOTE 1—Steels listed as approved for heavier section or higher strengths may be used in the same conditions for lighter sections and lower strengths.
NOTE 2—Steel composition numbers correspond to ASE, AISI, or ASTM designations. Those in italics are no longer considered standard grades due
to decreased usage.
NOTE 3—Steels in conditions listed in this table are not approved for applications involving welding.

7
A 400 – 69 (2000)

FIG. 1 Locations in Typical Cross Sections of Steel Bars at Which Desired Properties Are Obtained

TABLE 7 Applicable Classes for Critical Section Size


Round, Square,
Hexagonal, etc.,
Flat Sections,
Sections, Diameter or
Thickness, in.A
Dimension Between
Opposite Faces, in.A Applicable Class
To and To and
Over Including Over Including
... ⁄
12 ... 0.3 P-1, Q-1, or R-1
1⁄2 1 0.3 0.6 P-2, Q-2, or R-2
1 11⁄2 0.6 1.0 P-3, Q-3, or R-3
11⁄2 2 1.0 1.3 P-4, Q-4, or R-4
2 21⁄2 1.3 1.6 P-5, Q-5, or R-5
21⁄2 3 1.6 2.0 P-6, Q-6, or R-6
3 31⁄2 2.0 2.3 P-7 or Q-7
A
1 in. = 25.4 mm.
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