General Studies-I | 15 Jun 2022

(Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and
Society)

Indian Culture - Salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to
modern times.
Modern Indian History from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present-
significant events, personalities, issues.
The Freedom Struggle — its various stages and important contributors/contributions
from different parts of the country.
Post-independence Consolidation and Reorganization within the country.
History of the World will include events from 18th century such as Industrial Revolution,
world wars, Redrawal of National Boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, political
philosophies like Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the
society.
Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India.
Role of Women and Women’s Organization, Population and Associated Issues, Poverty
and Developmental issues, Urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
Effects of Globalization on Indian society.
Social Empowerment, Communalism, Regionalism & Secularism.
Salient features of World’s Physical Geography.
Distribution of Key Natural Resources across the world (including South Asia and the
Indian sub-continent); factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and
tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world (including India).
Important Geophysical Phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity,
cyclone etc., geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical
features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of
such changes.

Art & Culture

Indian Culture - Salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient
to modern times
Indian Art Forms Bhakti & Sufi Movements
Indian Paintings Spread of Bhakti and Sufi Movements
Mural Paintings Women Poets of Bhakti
Miniature Paintings
Mughal, Rajput, Pahari Literature
Paintings
Dances in India Classical Sanskrit Literature
Classical Dance Forms Vedas, Upanishads, Puranas
Folk Dance Forms Books written by Kalidasa,
Modern Dance Vishakhadatta etc
Music Ancient Buddhist Literature
Classical Music Ancient Jainism Literature
Folk Music Early Dravidian Literature (eg Sangam
Puppetry Period)
String Puppets Medieval Literature
Shadow Puppets Trends in Medieval Literature
Rod Puppets Modern Indian Literature
Glove puppets
Modern Puppetry Architecture
Tribal Puppetry
Pottery Harappan Architecture
Ochre Coloured Pottery(OCP) Mauryan Architecture
Black and Red Ware (BRW) Post-Mauryan Period Gupta Period
Painted Grey Ware (PGW) Temple Architecture
Northern Black Polished Ware Nagara Style
(NBPW) Dravida Style
Glazed and Unglazed Pottery Vesara Style
Drama/Theatre Cave Architecture
Classical Sanskrit Theatre Buddhist Cave
Regional Theatre Jaina Caves
Modern Theatre Gupta Period Caves
Martial Arts Medieval and Indo-Islamic Architecture
Thang Ta Imperial Style Delhi Sultanate
Gatka Provincial Style
Kalaripayattu Mughal Style
Mallakhamb Sikh Style of Architecture
Silambam Rajput Architecture
Other Important Martial Arts Salient features
Visual Art Colonial Architecture & Modern Architecture
Sculptures of Harappan European Influence
Civilization Indo-Saracenic Architecture
Sculptures of the Mauryan Age Post-Independence Period
Post-Mauryan Period Contribution of Buddhism & Jainism to the
Jain Sculptures Development of Indian Architecture
Buddhist Sculpture Rock Cut Architecture
Gupta Sculpture South Indian
Medieval School of Sculpture Western Indian
Modern Indian Sculpture Eastern Indian

Ancient History
Pre-Historic Post-Mauryan India

Stone Age Arrival of Indo-Greeks, Shakas, Parthians &

Chalcolithic Age Kushana
Iron Age Satavahanas and Other Indigenous
Dynasties
Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) Schools of Art: Gandhara; Mathura;
Amravati
Town Planning Imperial Guptas
Harappan Society Political history of Guptas
Characteristics of Major Centers Gupta Administration
Harappan Art & Architecture Development of Art & Culture
Decline of Harappan Culture Age of Golden age
Economic Conditions
Vedic Society Urban centres in Gupta period
Harshavardana
Original Home of Aryans Sources for Harsha’s Period
Socio- Economic Characters of Vedic Early life of Harsha
Society Harsha’s Administration
Vedic Literature Important Officials of the empire
Social Organization and Varna System Economy under Harsha
Religion and Thought Huen Tsang
Society
Pre-Mauryan Period Religion
The Southern Dynasties
Mahajanpadas Satavahanas (230 BC TO AD 225)
Haryanka dynasty Pallavas (AD 330–796)
Shishunaga dynasty Chalukyas (AD 535–1190)
Nanda dynasty Pandyas of Madurai (AD 590–1323)
Chola Dynasty (AD 850–1310)
Rashtrakutas (AD 753–973)
Jainism and Buddhism

Gautam Buddha
Mahavira
Growth of Jainism and Buddhism

Mauryan Empire

Chandragupta and Bindusara

Arthasastra (Book by Kautilya)
Megasthenes
Asoka and His Successors
Asoka’s Inscriptions and Sites
Asoka’ a Dhamma
Mauryan. Administration, Economy,
Society and Art
Decline of Maurya

Medieval History
Delhi Sultanate Sur Dynasties

Slave (Ghulam) or Mamluk Dynasty Maratha Empire

Khilji Dynasty
Tughluq dynasty Deccan Sultanate
Sayyid Dynasty
Lodi dynasty Ahmednagar Sultanate
Bijapur Sultanate
Struggle for Empire in North India Berar Sultanate
(Afghans, Rajputs and Mughals) Golconda Sultanate
Bidar Sultanate
Mughals

Babur
Humayun
Akbar
Jahangir
Shah Jahan
Aurangzeb
Later Mughals
Decline of Mughal Empire

Modern History
Modern Indian History from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present-
significant events, personalities, issues

The Freedom Struggle — its various stages and important contributors/contributions from
different parts of the country
Important Modern History Events Beginning of Mass Nationalism (1919-
Before 1857 1939)

Later Mughals Mahatma Gandhi – His Ideas &

Regional powers in 18th Century Leadership
Carnatic Wars Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms
Battle of Plassey & Buxar Rowlatt Act, Satyagrah and Jallianwala
Anglo-Mysore War Bagh Massacre
Anglo Punjab War Non-cooperation & Khilafat Movement
Socio-economic Condition of People Swarajists & No-Changers
European Penetration of India Emergence of New Forces – Socialistic
British Conquest of India Ideas, Youth & Trade Unionism
British Policies & Their Impact – Revolutionary Activity
Economic, Administrative & Socio- Simon Commission & Nehru Report
cultural Civil Disobedience Movement
Socio-cultural Reform Movements Round Table Conferences
Uprisings Against British Pre-1857 Communal Award & Poona Pact
Participation in Elections to Central
Revolt of 1857 Legislature (1934) & Provincial Assemblies
 Causes, Leaders, and Nature of revolt of (1937)
1857 Government of India Act, 1935
Suppression of revolt of 1857
Consequences of Revolt of 1857 Towards Freedom & Partition (1939-
Act of Good Governance 1858 1947)
Growth of Nationalism in India National Movement During World War II
(1858-1905) August Offer
Individual Satyagraha
Political, Economic & Administrative Growth of Communalism
Unification of the Country Peasant Movements
Role of Western Education State People’s Struggle
Role of Press Cripps Mission
Rediscovery of India’s Past Quit India Movement
Early Political Movements Wavell Plan
Formation of INC INA & Subhash Chandra Bose
Era of Moderates Cabinet Mission
Nationalist Upsurge Post-World War II
Growth of Militant Nationalism & Independence with Partition
Revolutionary Activities (1905-1918)

Swadeshi & Boycott Movement

Surat Split
International Influence
Morley – Minto Reforms
Growth of Communalism

Post-Independence India
Post-independence Consolidation and Reorganization within the country
Nation Building Polity

Partition and Its Aftermath Era of One-Party Dominance

Integration of Princely States Emergence of Opposition Parties
Linguistic Regionalism in India Emergency: Crisis of Democratic Order
Reorganisation of States Rise of Regional Parties
Issue of Official Language Coalition Era
Tribal Consolidation
Regional Aspirations Social

Foreign Policy Popular Movements

Communalism
Non-Aligned Movement Indian Women Since Independence
Panchsheel Issue of Women and Evolution of
Wars with Pakistan & China Women Movement
Nuclear Policy Naxalism

Economy
 Planned Development Post-Independence Policy of Science
Green Revolution, Operation Flood & And Technology
Cooperatives
Agrarian & Land Reforms India’s Policy in the Field of the Science
Industrial Reforms and Technology
LPG Reforms Impact of Economic Reform on the Science
and Technology in India

World History
History of the World will include events from 18th century such as Industrial Revolution,
world wars, Redrawal of National Boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, political
philosophies like Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the
society
Beginning of the Modern World World Between the Two Wars

Renaissance Europe After the War – Fascism & Nazism

Discovery of Sea Routes The Great Depression
Reformation Emergence of Soviet Union
Counter Reformation Nationalist Movements in Asia & Africa
Industrial Revolution US as a Strong Power
European Nations Settle North America
Rise of Slave Trade World War II
American War of Independence
Foundation of American Colonies Fascist Aggression & Response of Western
The Independence of United States Democracies
of America Outbreak of the War
The American Revolutionary War Theatres of the War
What was the impact of American US Entry into the War
Revolution? Global Nature of the War
US Civil War The Holocaust
Impact of Civil War on USA Resistance Movements
Global Impact of US Civil War After-effects of the War
Impact on India
French Revolution Decolonialisation & Redrawal of
Causes National Boundaries
The revolution in France
France under Napoleon Europe after World War II
Impact of revolution Cold War
Significance of revolution Rise of Asia & Africa
Nationalism in Europe Developments in West Asia & North Africa
Rise of the nation- state system Spread of Communism
Unification of Italy Korean War
Unification of Germany Vietnam War
Rise of Capitalism, Colonialism & Cuban Crisis
Imperialism Collapse of Soviet Union
Colonialism
The age of Imperialism (1870-1914)
Imperialism in Asia
 Analysis of Colonialism Concept, Types & Social Impact of
Political Philosophies
World War I
Communism
Causes of the War Capitalism
Scope & Course of the War Socialism
Russian Revolution
Major events in pre-revolution
Russia
Causes
Course of revolution
Consequences
Aftermath of the war
Post-Lenin Russia
End of the War & Peace Treaties
Consequences of the War
League of Nations

Indian Society
Salient features of Indian Society, Effects of Globalization on Indian
Diversity of India society

Features of Indian society Understanding Globalisation – Its Different

Diversity (Types – caste, linguistic, social Dimensions
and religious, race, tribe and ethnicity, Globalisation & Culture - Homogenisation
culture) vs. Glocalisation
Challenges posed by Diversity Factors Driving Globalisation
Unity Globalisation & India
Pluralism Impact of Globalisation on India - Socio-
Unity in Diversity cultural, economic, on women, agrarian
Inequality and Exclusion sector etc.
Family System Does Globalisation cause Poverty?
Examples of above.
Social Empowerment
Role of Women and Women’s
Organization Which are the Socially Disadvantaged
Groups?
Women’s organizations in Indian Meaning and concept of social
history empowerment
Types of women’s organizations Dimensions of Social Empowerment
Level of penetration Why do we need social empowerment?
19th Century Social Reform Movements Government Initiatives to Aide Social
and Early Women's Organisations – Empowerment
Agrarian Struggles and Revolt Empowerment in reality and India’s
Participation in Freedom Struggle experience
Women’s organization (With Examples)
Problems faced by women’s Communalism
organizations
C li It Ch t i ti
 Communalism – Its Characteristics
Is a larger vocal role possible and ways Communalism in India in the Past
to achieve the same Communalism in Contemporqary India
Role of SHGs, Micro finance Institution Causes of Communalism
Consequences of Communalism
Population and Associated Issues Measures to Control & Eradicate
Communalism
Basic Demography of India Secularism as an Antidote to
Population Trends in India and their Communalism
Implications
Causes and Effects of Over Population Regionalism
Challenges of Population Explosion
Changing Age Structure of Indian Concept of Region & Regionalism
Population Different Forms of Regionalism
Demogarphic Dividend: Boon or Bane Regionalism in India
for India Causes of Regionalism
Population Aging in India Concept of 'Sons of Soil'
India's Population Policy & Initiatives Consequences of Regionalism
Federalism & Regionalism
Poverty and Developmental Issues Role of Regional Parties
Measures to Contain Regionalism
Concept of Development and Poverty Regionalism in the International Sphere
Types of Poverty
Measurement of Poverty – Poverty Line Secularism
Causes of Poverty
Poverty as a Social Problem Concept of Secularism
Socio-economic Spread of Poverty Indian Model of Secularism
Consequences of Poverty – Secularism in India
Inequality Nature & Practice of Secularism in India
Continuation of Vicious Cycle Uniform Civil Code
Who is worst affected by poverty? Challenges faced by Secularism in India
Problem of Rising Urban Poverty Measures to Make India Truly Secular
Poverty Alleviation Initiatives
Policy shifts from “Trickle Down”
Economics to Inclusive or Pro-poor
Development to Reduce Poverty
Relation between Poverty Reduction
and Development: Poverty-Inequality-
Development Nexus

Urbanization, their problems and

their remedies

Urbanisation Trends in India and Their

Implications - Demographic and Social
Dimensions
Factors Driving Urbanisation
State of Service Delivery and Challeges
posed by Urbanisation
Problems of Urban Areas
Social Consequences of Urbanisation
 Impact of Urbanisation in Rural Areas
Urban Planning and Role of Urban Local
Bodies (ULBs)
Reforms Required and Government
Initiatives Taken So Far
Problems of Slums

World and Indian Geography

Salient features of World’s Physical Important Geophysical Phenomena
Geography such as earthquakes, Tsunami,
Volcanic activity, cyclone etc.,
Geomorphology geographical features and their
Origin & Evolution of Earth location-changes in critical
Interior of the Earth
Distribution of Continents &
geographical features (including
Oceans Water-bodies and Ice-caps) and in flora
Plate Tectonic Theory and fauna and the effects of such
Distribution of Earthquakes & changes
Volcanoes
Rocks & Rock Cycle Earthquakes
Geomorphic Processes – Why Does Earth Shake?
Endogenic & Exogenic Earthquake Waves
Landforms & their Evolution Shadow Zone
Geological Time Scale Types of Earthquake
Oceanography Measuring Earthquake
Hydrological Cycle Effects of Earthquake
Seafloor Spreading Tsunami
Ocean Floor Configuration What Causes Tsunami
Temperature & Salinity of Oceans Effect of Tsunami
Movement of Oceans – Waves, Mitigating the Impact of Tsunami
Tides, Currents Volcanoes
Climatology Types of Volcanoes
Earth’s Atmosphere – Composition What Causes Volcanoes?
& Structure Volcanic Landforms
Solar Radiation, Heat Budget & Intrusive volcanic Landforms
Temperature Extrusive Volcanic Landforms
Atmospheric Circulation & Distribution of Volcanoes
Weather Systems Cyclone
World Climate (examples) Tropical Cyclones
Soil Geography Anti-Cyclone
Soil & Soil Contents Extra Tropical Cyclones
Process of Soil Formation Factors Causing Changes in Critical
Soil Forming Factors Geographical Features
Types of Soils (examples) Examples of Changing Geographical
Soil Erosion & Conservation Features - Melting of Ice Sheets,
Desertification etc.
Distribution of Key Natural Impact of Changing Geographical Features
Resources across the world Physical Geography of India
Physiography of India
 Physiography of India
(including South Asia and the Drainage System
Indian sub-continent) Climate
Soils in India
Types of Resources Natural Vegetation
On the Basis of Origin, Ownership, Human Geography
Exhaustability etc. Demography
Land Resources Urbanization
Land Utilisation Census
Land Use Pattern Economic Geography
Land Degradation & Conservation Agriculture
Forest Resources Mineral resource
Types & Distribution – Grasslands, Energy resources
Forests etc. Industry
Causes of Depletion Transport and Communication
Conservation of Forests
Water Resources
Marine & Freshwater
Water Scarcity & Need For
Conservation
Integrated Water Resources
Management
Agricultural Resources
Types of Farming
Cropping Patterns
Contribution to Economy,
Employment & Output
Food Security
Mineral & Energy Resources
Classification of Minerals –
Ferrous & Non-Ferrous
Occurrence of Minerals
Conservation of Minerals
Classification of Energy Resources
– Conventional & Non-
Conventional
Occurrence of Energy Resources
Conservation of Energy Resources

Factors responsible for the location

of primary, secondary, and tertiary
sector industries in various parts of
the world (including India)

Classification of Industries
Location & Distribution of the
Industries on the Basis of
Raw Material
Labour
Market
Capital
 Land
Grants & Financial Incentives
Power
Transport
Water
Communication
Distribution of Major Industries – Iron
& Steel, IT, Cotton Textile
Agglomeration & Footloose Industries