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Programming Logic and Design Comprehensive 6th
Edition Joyce Farrell Digital Instant Download
Author(s): Joyce Farrell
ISBN(s): 0538744766
Edition: 6
File Details: PDF, 18.81 MB
Year: 2010
Language: english
PROGRAMMING LOGIC
AND DESIGN
COMPREHENSIVE
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 SIXTH EDITION

PROGRAMMING LOGIC
AND DESIGN
COMPREHENSIVE

J O Y C E FA R R E L L

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 14 13 12 11 10
Brief Contents
v

Pref ace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvi

CHAPTER 1 An Overview of Computers and Programming . . 1
CHAP TER 2 Wo r k in g wi t h Data, Creati ng Modul es,
an d Des ig ni ng Hi gh- Qual i ty Programs . . . . 41
CHAP TER 3 U n der s t an di ng Structure . . . . . . . . . . 92
CHAP TER 4 M ak in g De ci si o ns . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
CHAP TER 5 Lo o pin g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
CHAP TER 6 Ar r ays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
CHAP TER 7 F ile Han dli ng and Appl i cati ons . . . . . . 276
CHAPTER 8 Advan ced A rray Concepts, I ndex ed Fi l es,
an d Lin k ed Li st s . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
CHAPTER 9 Advan ced Mo dul ari zati on Techni ques . . . . 370
CHAPTER 10 Object -Or ient ed Programmi ng . . . . . . . 426
CHAPTER 11 M o re Obje ct - Ori ented Programmi ng
Co n cept s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
CHAPTER 12 E ven t -Dr iven GUI Programmi ng,
M u lt it h readi ng , and Ani mati on . . . . . . . 515
CHAPTER 13 Sys t em M o del i ng wi th the UML . . . . . . 550
CHAPTER 14 U s in g Relat i o nal Databases . . . . . . . . 585
APPEN DIX A U n der s t andi ng Numberi ng Sy stems
an d Co m put er Codes . . . . . . . . . . . 637
APPEN DIX B F lo w ch ar t Sy m bol s . . . . . . . . . . . 646
BRIEF CONTENTS

APPEN DIX C St r u ct u res . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647

APPEN DIX D So lvin g Dif f icul t Structuri ng Probl ems . . . 649
APPEN DIX E Creat in g Pr int Char ts . . . . . . . . . . 658
vi APPEN DIX F Tw o Var iat io ns o n the Basi c Structures—
c a s e an d d o-while . . . . . . . . . . 660
Glo s s ar y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666
In dex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681
Contents
vii

Pref ace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvi

CHAP TER 1 An Over view o f Computers

an d Pro g r am m i ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Understanding Computer Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Understanding Simple Program Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Understanding the Program Development Cycle . . . . . . . 8
Understanding the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Planning the Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Coding the Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Using Software to Translate the Program
into Machine Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Testing the Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Putting the Program into Production . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Maintaining the Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Using Pseudocode Statements and Flowchart Symbols . . . . 15
Writing Pseudocode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Drawing Flowcharts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Repeating Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Using a Sentinel Value to End a Program . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Understanding Programming and User Environments . . . . . 23
Understanding Programming Environments . . . . . . . . . 23
Understanding User Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Understanding the Evolution of Programming Models . . . . . 27
Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

CHAP TER 2 Wo r k in g w i t h Data, Creati ng Modul es,

an d Des igni ng Hi gh- Qual i ty Programs . . . . . . 41
Declaring and Using Variables and Constants . . . . . . . . . 42
 CONTENTS

Working with Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Naming Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Understanding Unnamed, Literal Constants
and their Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Understanding the Data Types of Variables . . . . . . . . . 46
viii
Declaring Named Constants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Assigning Values to Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Performing Arithmetic Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Understanding the Advantages of Modularization . . . . . . . 52
Modularization Provides Abstraction . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Modularization Allows Multiple Programmers
to Work on a Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Modularization Allows You to Reuse Your Work . . . . . . . 54
Modularizing a Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Declaring Variables and Constants
within Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Understanding the Most Common Configuration
for Mainline Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Creating Hierarchy Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Features of Good Program Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Using Program Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Choosing Identifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Designing Clear Statements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Writing Clear Prompts and Echoing Input . . . . . . . . . . 74
Maintaining Good Programming Habits . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

CHAPTER 3 U n der s t an ding St ructure . . . . . . . . . . 92

Understanding Unstructured Spaghetti Code . . . . . . . . . 93
Understanding the Three Basic Structures . . . . . . . . . . 95
Using a Priming Input to Structure a Program . . . . . . . 103
Understanding the Reasons for Structure . . . . . . . . . 110
Recognizing Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Structuring and Modularizing Unstructured Logic . . . . . . 115
Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
 CONTENTS

CHAP TER 4 M ak in g Deci si o ns . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

Evaluating Boolean Expressions to Make Comparisons . . . 134
Using Relational Comparison Operators . . . . . . . . . . 137
Avoiding a Common Error with Relational Operators . . . . 141
Understanding AND Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Nesting AND Decisions for Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . 144 ix
Using the AND Operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Avoiding Common Errors in an AND Selection. . . . . . . 148
Understanding OR Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Writing OR Decisions for Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Using the OR Operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Avoiding Common Errors in an OR Selection . . . . . . . 155
Making Selections within Ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Avoiding Common Errors When Using Range Checks . . . 162
Understanding Precedence When Combining
AND and OR Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

CHAP TER 5 Lo o pin g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

Understanding the Advantages of Looping . . . . . . . . . 185
Using a Loop Control Variable. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Using a Definite Loop with a Counter . . . . . . . . . . 187
Using an Indefinite Loop with a Sentinel Value . . . . . . 188
Understanding the Loop in a Program’s Mainline Logic. . . 190
Nested Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Avoiding Common Loop Mistakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Mistake: Neglecting to Initialize the
Loop Control Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Mistake: Neglecting to Alter the
Loop Control Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Mistake: Using the Wrong Comparison with the
Loop Control Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Mistake: Including Statements Inside the Loop
that Belong Outside the Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Using a for Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Common Loop Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Using a Loop to Accumulate Totals . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Using a Loop to Validate Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Limiting a Reprompting Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
 CONTENTS

Validating a Data Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

Validating Reasonableness and Consistency of Data . . . . 216
Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
x
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

CHAPTER 6 Ar r ays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

Understanding Arrays and How They Occupy
Computer Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
How Arrays Occupy Computer Memory . . . . . . . . . . 229
Manipulating an Array to Replace Nested Decisions . . . . . 232
Using Constants with Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
Using a Constant as the Size of an Array . . . . . . . . . 240
Using Constants as Array Element Values . . . . . . . . 241
Using a Constant as an Array Subscript . . . . . . . . . 241
Searching an Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Using Parallel Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Improving Search Efficiency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Searching an Array for a Range Match . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Remaining within Array Bounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
Using a for Loop to Process Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

CHAPTER 7 F ile Han dlin g and Appl i cati ons . . . . . . 276

Understanding Computer Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Organizing Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
Understanding the Data Hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Performing File Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
Declaring a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
Opening a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Reading Data From a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Writing Data to a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Closing a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
A Program that Performs File Operations . . . . . . . . . 283
Understanding Sequential Files and Control Break Logic . . . 286
Understanding Control Break Logic . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Merging Sequential Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Master and Transaction File Processing . . . . . . . . . . 303
 CONTENTS

Random Access Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
xi
CHAP TER 8 Advan ced A rray Concepts, I ndex ed Fi l es,
an d Lin k ed Li st s . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Understanding the Need for Sorting Records . . . . . . . . 326
Understanding How to Swap Two Values . . . . . . . . . . 327
Using a Bubble Sort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
Sorting a List of Variable Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
Refining the Bubble Sort to Reduce Unnecessary
Comparisons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
Refining the Bubble Sort to Eliminate Unnecessary
Passes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
Other Sorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
Using Multidimensional Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
Using Indexed Files and Linked Lists. . . . . . . . . . . . 352
Using Indexed Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
Using Linked Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354
Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364

CHAPTER 9 Advan ced Mo dul ari zati on Techni ques . . . . 370

Using Methods with No Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
Creating Methods that Require a Single Parameter . . . . . 374
Creating Methods that Require Multiple Parameters . . . . . 379
Creating Methods that Return a Value . . . . . . . . . . . 381
Using an IPO Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
Passing an Array to a Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
Overloading Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
Avoiding Ambiguous Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
Using Predefined Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
Method Design Issues: Implementation Hiding, Cohesion,
and Coupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
Understanding Implementation Hiding . . . . . . . . . . 403
Increasing Cohesion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404
Reducing Coupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
Understanding Recursion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
 CONTENTS

Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411

Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419

xii CHAPTER 10 Object -Or ient ed Programmi ng . . . . . . . 426

Principles of Object-Oriented Programming . . . . . . . . . 427
Classes and Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
Polymorphism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
Encapsulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432
Defining Classes and Creating Class Diagrams . . . . . . . 433
Creating Class Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
The Set Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438
The Get Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440
Work Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440
Understanding Public and Private Access . . . . . . . . . 442
Organizing Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446
Understanding Instance Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
Understanding Static Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453
Using Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455
Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466

CHAPTER 11 M o re Object - Ori ented Programmi ng

Co n cept s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
An Introduction to Constructors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470
Constructors with Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473
Overloading Class Methods and Constructors. . . . . . . 473
Understanding Destructors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476
Understanding Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478
Understanding Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
Understanding Inheritance Terminology . . . . . . . . . 481
Accessing Private Members of a Parent Class . . . . . . 484
Using Inheritance to Achieve Good Software Design . . . . 490
One Example of Using Predefined Classes:
Creating GUI Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491
Understanding Exception Handling. . . . . . . . . . . . . 493
Drawbacks to Traditional Error-Handling Techniques . . . . 493
The Object-Oriented Exception Handling Model . . . . . . 495
 CONTENTS

Using Built-in Exceptions and Creating Your Own

Exceptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498
Reviewing the Advantages of Object-Oriented
Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499
Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502 xiii
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508

CHAPTER 12 E ven t -Dr iven GUI Programmi ng,

M u lt it h readi ng , and Ani mati on . . . . . . . 515
Understanding Event-Driven Programming . . . . . . . . . 516
User-Initiated Actions and GUI Components. . . . . . . . . 519
Designing Graphical User Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . 523
The Interface Should Be Natural and Predictable . . . . . 523
The Interface Should Be Attractive, Easy to Read, and
Nondistracting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524
To Some Extent, It’s Helpful If the User Can
Customize Your Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524
The Program Should Be Forgiving . . . . . . . . . . . . 525
The GUI Is Only a Means to an End . . . . . . . . . . . 525
The Steps to Developing an Event-Driven Application . . . . 526
Creating Storyboards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527
Defining the Storyboard’s Objects in
an Object Dictionary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527
Defining Connections Between the User Screens . . . . . 528
Planning the Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529
Understanding Multithreading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535
Creating Animation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537
Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546

CHAPTER 13 Sys t em M o del i ng wi th the UML . . . . . . 550

Understanding the Need for System Modeling . . . . . . . 551
What is the UML? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552
Using Use Case Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554
Using Class and Object Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560
Using Sequence and Communication Diagrams . . . . . . . 564
Using State Machine Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566
Using Activity Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567
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