WELCOME to our MATH CLASS!

1. Be on time, 2. Respect the 3. Be

on task and teacher, the
classroom, other
responsible
prepared to students and for your own
learn everyday. yourself. learning.

4. Keep all 5. Sit

your
electronics.
properly.
Probability:
Formula
Introducing:
LEARNING
TARGET
 I CAN
1. illustrate the
probability of a
union of two events.
2. find the probability
of (A U B).
Probability:
Formula
 EVENT
SIMPLE EVENT
-consists of 1 outcome
COMPOUND EVENT
-Consists of more than 1 outcome
-Consists of two or more simple
events
 PROBABILITY
Probability is a measure or estimation of how likely that an event will
occur or happen.
• The probability of simple event is finding the probability of a single
event occurring.
• In an experiment with outcomes that are equally likely to happen, the
probability of an event, E, is a ratio that compares the number of
favorable outcomes to the number of possible outcomes. In symbols,
P (E) =number of favorable outcomes
number of possible outcomes
• The notation P(E) is read as “the probability of an event E” or simply
the probability of E”.
 Example 1 (SIMPLE EVENT)
A bag has 3 red, 4 yellow, 6 blue and 7 white marbles.
If a marble is picked at random, what is the probability
that the picked marble is blue?
Solution:
Total number of marbles in the bag = 20 possible outcomes

Number of blue marbles in the bag = 6 favorable outcomes

P (E) = number of favorable outcomes P (blue) = 6 = 3

number of possible outcomes 20 10
 Example 2 (SIMPLE EVENT)
A bag has 3 red, 4 yellow, 6 blue and 7 white marbles.
If a marble is picked at random, what is the probability
that the picked marble is red? yellow? white?
P (E) = number of favorable outcomes
number of possible outcomes

P (red) = 3 P (yellow) = 4 = 1 P (white) = 7

20 20 5 20
NOW
YOU TRY!
 SIMPLE EVENT
Linda has 6 roses, 5 tulips, 9 daisies, and 10
sunflowers in her flower vase. If she picks one
flower at random, what is the probability that
she will pick a:

a) rose? ____________________

b) daisy? ____________________
probability
Example 3 (COMPOUND EVENT)
A bag has 3 red, 4 yellow, 6 blue and 7 white marbles.
If a marble is picked at random, what is the probability
that the picked marble is blue or red?

P (blue or red) = 6+3 = 9

20 20
P (blue or red or white) = 6+3+7 = 16 = 4
20 20 5
NOW
YOU TRY!
 COMPOUND EVENT
Linda has 6 roses, 5 tulips, 9 daisies, and 10
sunflowers in her flower vase. If she picks one
flower at random, what is the probability that she
will pick a:

a) rose or tulips? ____________________

b) daisy or sunflowers or roses? __________________

 Example 4 (COMPOUND EVENT)
A six-face die which contains numbers of dots from 1
to 6 is rolled once. Find the probability of getting an:
a) even number or a multiple of 3.

S = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 n(S) = 6
Even
number A = 2, 4, 6 Multiple
of 3 B = 3, 6
a) even number or
a multiple of 3. AUB = 2, 3, 4, 6 n(E) = 4
 Example 5 (COMPOUND EVENT)
A six-face die which contains numbers of dots from 1
to 6 is rolled once. Find the probability of getting an:
b) even number and a multiple of 3.
S = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 n(S) = 6
Even
number A = 2, 4, 6 Multiple
of 3 B = 3, 6
b) even number and
a multiple of 3. A∩B = 6 n(E) = 1
NOW
YOU TRY!
 COMPOUND EVENT
A die is rolled once. Find the
probability of getting the factors of
18 or multiples of 2.
 Example 6 (COMPOUND EVENT)
Two fair dice are rolled once. Find the probability that both dice turn up
a) the same number and that the sum of the numbers is less than 7.

1, 1 , 1, 2 , 1, 3 , 1,4 , 1, 5 , 1,6 ,
2,1 , 2,2 , 2,3 , 2,4 , 2,5 , 2,6 ,
S=
3,1 , 3,2 , 3,3 , 3,4 , 3,5 , 3,6 , n(S) = 36
4, 1 , 4, 2 , 4, 3 , 4,4 , 4, 5 , 4,6 ,
5,1 , 5,2 , 5,3 , 5,4 , 5,5 , 5,6 ,
6,1 , 6,2 , 6,3 , 6,4 , 6,5 , (6,6)
 Example 6 (COMPOUND EVENT)
Two fair dice are rolled once. Find the probability that both dice turn up
a) the same number and that the sum of the numbers is less than 7.

Same A= 1, 1 , 2,2 , 3,3 , (4, 4), (5,5), (6,6)

number
Sum is less
than 7 1, 1 , 1, 2 , 1, 3 , 1,4 , 1, 5 ,
2,1 , 2,2 , 2,3 , 2,4 ,
B=
3,1 , 3,2 , 3,3 , 4,1 , 4,2 ,
(5,1)
 COMPOUND EVENT
Three coins are tossed. Find the
probability of getting at least one
head.
 VENN
DIAGRAM
PROBABILITY
What is the probability of selecting a student who:
1. Prefers fiction book?
2. Prefers fiction book only?
3. Prefers both fiction and nonfiction?
4. Do not prefer nonfiction?
5. Do not prefer any of the two?
6. Prefers fiction or nonfiction?
In an excursion at Sta. Victoria cave, 80 students brought
sandwiches, drinks, and junk foods as follows:
50 students brought sandwiches(S) U
S
30 students brought drinks(D)
30 students brought junk foods(J)
18 students brought drinks and junk foods
15 students brought sandwiches & junk foods D J
8 students brought sandwiches & drinks
5 students brought sandwiches, drinks & junk foods.
sandwiches only sandwiches & drinks but not junk foods
drinks junk foods & drinks
junk foods only did not bring any of the 3
NOW
YOU TRY!
Out of 250 tourists, 146 visited Korea (K), 108 visited Japan (J),
142 visited Hong Kong (H), 70 visited Korea and Japan, 71
visited Japan and Hong Kong, 82 visited Korea and Hong
Kong and 46 visited Korea, Japan and Hong Kong. If a tourist
is randomly chosen from this group, what is the probability of
choosing a tourist who visited:
a) Korea?
b) Korea only?
c) Japan or Hong Kong?
d) Korea and Hong Kong?
e) Hong Kong but not Japan?
Out of 500 surveyed students, 225 liked pop music, 215 liked rock
music, 175 liked country music, 90 liked pop and country music,
125 liked pop and rock music, 110 liked rock and country music
and 50 liked pop, rock, and country music. If a student is selected
at random from this group, what is the probability of choosing a
student who liked:

1. country music only? 1. country music?

2. rock music? 2. rock music only?
3. pop or country music? 3. pop and country music?
4. pop and rock music? 4. pop or rock music?
5. country but not rock? 5. rock but not country?
6. pop or rock or country music? 6. pop and rock and country music?
YOU DID A
GREAT JOB!
Progress:
 FIRST GROUP CHALLENGE!
Two fair dice are rolled once. Find the probability that both dice
turn up
a) the same number or that the sum of the numbers is less than 7.

1, 1 , 1, 2 , 1, 3 , 1,4 , 1, 5 , 1,6 ,
2,1 , 2,2 , 2,3 , 2,4 , 2,5 , 2,6 ,
S=
3,1 , 3,2 , 3,3 , 3,4 , 3,5 , 3,6 , n(S) = 36
4, 1 , 4, 2 , 4, 3 , 4,4 , 4, 5 , 4,6 ,
5,1 , 5,2 , 5,3 , 5,4 , 5,5 , 5,6 ,
6,1 , 6,2 , 6,3 , 6,4 , 6,5 , (6,6)
 Example 3 (COMPOUND EVENT)
Two fair dice are rolled once. Find the probability that both dice
turn up
a) the same number or that the sum of the numbers is less than 7.

Same A= 1, 1 , 2,2 , 3,3 , (4, 4), (5,5), (6,6)

number
Sum is less 1, 1 , 1, 2 , 1, 3 , 1,4 , 1, 5 ,
than 7
2,1 , 2,2 , 2,3 , 2,4 ,
B=
3,1 , 3,2 , 3,3 , 4,1 , 4,2 ,
(5,1)
 FIRST GROUP CHALLENGE!
Two fair dice are rolled once. Find the probability that both dice turn up
b) the same number and that the sum of the numbers is less than 7.

1, 1 , 1, 2 , 1, 3 , 1,4 , 1, 5 , 1,6 ,
2,1 , 2,2 , 2,3 , 2,4 , 2,5 , 2,6 ,
S=
3,1 , 3,2 , 3,3 , 3,4 , 3,5 , 3,6 , n(S) = 36
4, 1 , 4, 2 , 4, 3 , 4,4 , 4, 5 , 4,6 ,
5,1 , 5,2 , 5,3 , 5,4 , 5,5 , 5,6 ,
6,1 , 6,2 , 6,3 , 6,4 , 6,5 , (6,6)
 Example 3 (COMPOUND EVENT)
Two fair dice are rolled once. Find the probability that both dice turn up
b) the same number and that the sum of the numbers is less than 7.

Same A= 1, 1 , 2,2 , 3,3 , (4, 4), (5,5), (6,6)

number
Sum is less
than 7 1, 1 , 1, 2 , 1, 3 , 1,4 , 1, 5 ,
2,1 , 2,2 , 2,3 , 2,4 ,
B=
3,1 , 3,2 , 3,3 , 4,1 , 4,2 ,
(5,1)
In a certain group of children, 7 like
Superman and 9 like Ironman. If 3 of them
like Superman & Ironman, how many
children are in the group?

Let: A = set of children who like Superman

B = set of children who like Ironman
In a class of 40 students;
U ENGLISH MATHEMATICS

25 got an average of 95 in English

18
17 have an average of 95 in Mathematics 7
10
7 have an average of 95 in Mathematics & English
5

1. How many students have an average of 95 in English only? 18

10
2. How many students have an average of 95 in Math only?
5
3. How many students do not have an average of 95 in Math & English?
Thirty students were asked if they own a laptop
computer, a tablet or both. L T
12 owns a Laptop Computer (L) 7
8
15 owns a Tablet (T) 4
1
4 owns both a Laptop and a Tablet 1
U

1. How many students have laptop only? 8

2. How many students have tablet only? 11
3. How many students do not have tablet? 15
4. How many do not have a laptop or a tablet? 7