Plus two Accountancy -Last Round Preparation-1
Plus two Accountancy -Last Round Preparation-1
PART A
ACCOUNTING
Chapter - 1
J. Amount J. Amount
Date Particulars Date Particulars
F. ₹ F. ₹
Drawings xxx Balance b/d xxx
Interest on drawings xxx Bank (fresh capital xxx
Profit and Loss introduced)
Appropriation A/c xxx Salaries xxx
(share of loss) Interest on capital xxx
Balance c/d xxx Profit and Loss
Appropriation A/c xxx
(share of profit)
xxxx xxxx
====== =======
Amount Amount
Particulars Particulars
₹ ₹
Profit and Loss A/c xxx Profit and Loss A/c xxx
(If there is loss) (If there is profit)
Interest on Capital xxx Interest on Drawings xxx
Salary to Partner xxx Partner’s Capital xxx
Commission to Partner xxx (distribution of loss)
Interest on Partner’s Loan xxx
Partner’s Capital Accounts xxx
(distribution of profit)
xxxx xxxx
======= ========
Interest on Drawings
Chapter – 2
ADMISSION OF A PARTNER
Modes of Reconstitution of a Partnership Firm
Reconstitution of a partnership firm usually takes place in any of the
following ways :
1. Admission of a new partner
2. Change in the profit sharing ratio among the existing partners
3. Retirement of an existing partner
4. Death of a partner
Sacrificing Ratio
The ratio in which old partners agree to sacrifice their share of profit in
favour of the incoming partner is called sacrificing ratio.
5. Special advantages : The firm that enjoys special advantages like import licences,
low rate and assured supply of electricity, long-term contracts for supply of materials
etc. enjoy higher value of goodwill.
Methods of valuation of goodwill
The important methods of valuation of goodwill are :
1. Average profits method
Total Profit
Average Profit =
No . of years
2. Super profits method
Super Profit = Average Profit – Normal Profit
Total Profit
Average Profit =
No . of years
Capital Employed x Normal Rate of Return
Normal Profit =
100
3. Capitalisation method
Under this method, the value of goodwill can be calculated in two ways :
(a) Capitalisation of Average profits
Goodwill = Capitalised value of average profits – Net Assets
Capitalized value of average profits =Average Profits x 100/Normal rate
of Return
(b) Capitalisation of Super profits.
Goodwill = Super Profit x 100/Normal Rate of Return
Treatment of Goodwill/Premium
Journal Entries
1. Cash A/c Dr.
To Goodwill A/c
(Amount brought by new partner
as premium.)
2. Goodwill A/c Dr.
To Existing Partners Capital A/c
(Goodwill distributed among
the existing partners in their
sacrificing ratio)
3. If the old partners withdraw their share of goodwill
Existing Partner’s Capital A/c Dr.
To Cash A/c
(The amount of goodwill withdrawn
by the existing partners)
Dr. Cr.
Date particulars J.F. Amount Date Particulars J.F. Amount
₹ ₹
Balance sheet
As on ------------------
Liabilities Amount Assets Amount
₹ ₹
Chapter - 3
Gaining Ratio
The ratio in which the continuing partners have acquired the share from the
retiring/deceased partner is called gaining ratio.
Gaining share of Continuing Partner = New share – Old share
2.Treatment of Goodwill
1.When Goodwill does not appear in the Books
(a) Goodwill is raised at its full value and retained in the books
Goodwill A/c Dr. (at full value)
To All partner’s Capital Accounts
( Goodwill raised at full value and credited to all the partners in their old
profit sharing ratio)
Note : In this case, the full value of goodwill will appear in the balance
sheet of the reconstituted firm.
(b) Goodwill is raised at it’s full value and written off immediately
1. Goodwill A/c Dr.
To All partner’s Capital Accounts
(Goodwill raised at full value and credited to all partners in old ratio)
2. Continuing Partner’s Capital Accounts Dr.
To Goodwill A/c
(Goodwill written off and debited to remaining partners in the new ratio )
(c) Goodwill is raised to the extent of retired/deceased partner’s share
and written off immediately
Goodwill A/c Dr. (Retiring/deceased partner’s share)
To Retiring / Deceased Partner’s Capital A/c
(Goodwill raised to the extent of retiring/deceased partner’s share)
(d) No goodwill account is raised at all in firm’s books
Continuing Partner’s Capital A/c’s Dr. (Individually in their gaining ratio)
To Retiring Deceased Partner’s Capital A/c (Retiring/deceased
Partner’s share of goodwill)
(Retiring partner’s share of goodwill adjusted to remaining partner’s capital
accounts in gaining ratio)
Journal Entries
1. For Accumulated profits :
Reserves/Profit and Loss Account Dr.
To All Partner’s Capital Accounts
(Reserves transferred to all partner’s capital account’s in old ratio)
2. For Accumulated Losses
All Partner’s Capital Accounts Dr.
To Profit and Loss Account
(Accumulated loss transferred to all partner’s capital accounts in their old
profit sharing ratio)
Dr. Cr.
Date particulars J. Amount Date Particulars J. Amount
F. ₹ F. ₹
Bank xxx Retiring partner’sCapital A/c xxx
Balance c/d xxx Interest xxx
---------------- -----------
xxxx xxxx
xxx xxx
Bank xxx Balance b/d xxx
Balance c/d ------------ Interest -----------
xxxx xxxx
xxx xxx
Bank Balance b/d
xxx xxx
Balance c/d Interest
xxx -----------
xxxx xxxx
=========
Bank xxx Balance b/d xxx
Interest xxx
------------ -----------
xxxx xxxx
======= ======
Chapter 5
Dissolution of Partnership
The dissolution of partnership may take place in any of the following ways :
1. Change in existing profit sharing ratio among partners.
2. Admission of a new partner.
3. Retirement of a partner.
4. Death of a partner.
5. Insolvency of a partner.
6. Completion of the venture, if partnership is formed for that
7. Expiry of the period of partnership, if partnership is for a specific period of time.
Distinction between Dissolution of Partnership and Dissolution of Firm
DDDD
Bank A/c
Dr. Cr.
Date particulars J.F. Amount Date Particulars J.F. Amount
₹ ₹
PART – B
COMPUTERISED ACCOUNTING
Chapter 1
Overview of Computerised Accounting System
1. List out the merits of Computerised Accounting over Manual Accounting.
March 2022 Model 3 Scores
or
What are the advantages of CAS ? March 2016 2 Scores
The merits of CAS include ;
1.Timely generation of desired reports.
2.Efficiency in record keeping
3.Saves time and money.
4.Confidentiality of data is maintained.
5.Automated document preparation.
6.Transparency and reliability.
7.Accurate and updated information.
2. Explain the ways in which a software provides data security
March 2016 5 Scores
The software usually provides data security in the following ways :
1.Password security : Password is a mechanism which restricts the access to the
computer system and data to the user only.
2.Data Audit : This feature enables us to who and what changes have been made in the
original data.
3.Data vault : Vaulting will save data in encrypted form to ensure its security.
3. Describe the features of Computerised Accounting System.
SAY 2021 5 Scores
Ans : The features of Computerised Accounting System are :
1.Simple and integrated : Computerized Accounting System(CAS) is an easy way to
process the accounting transactions.
2.Transparency and Control : It provides greater transparency for day-to-day operations.
3.Accuracy and speed : The accuracy of computer is very high. Computer can also
process data millions of times faster than human beings.
4.Scalability : Computers are capable of performing variety of task.
4. Hardware : Physical parts and network of computer. Eg. CPU, Monitor, Key
board , Mouse etc.
5. Software : All programs which puts hardware into function. Eg. Windows,
Ubuntu etc.
Codification of accounts
Types of codes
1. Sequential codes : In sequential code, numbers and /or letters are assigned in
consecutive order.
For example,
10501 Harikumar
10502 Hafeez
10503 Rosemol
10504 Thomas
For example :
101-200 Televisions
301-400 Refrigerators
2. Briefly explain the three types of spreadsheet cell references used in LibreOffice Calc.
Model March 2022 3 Scores
Ans :A cell reference may be relative, absolute and mixed.
1.Relative Cell Reference : Here when a formula is copied to a new location in a work
sheet, cell references in the formula change in relation to the new location of the formula.
2.Absolute cell reference : Here the cell references in a formula remain the same even
when the formula is copied to a new location.
3.Mixed cell reference : Mixed cell reference means that when a formula is copied to a
new location, either row number or column number remain the same.
3. Name the functions and syntax used to display the following results in LibreOffice Calc.
(a) Current system date
(b) Current date with time
(c) Count of numeric values in a given range of cells.
(d) To count the number of empty cells in a given range. March 2021 ( 4 Scores)
Ans: Name of function Syntax
(a) Current system date TODAY = TODAY()
(b) Current date with time NOW =NOW()
(c)Count of numeric values in a given
range of cells COUNT =COUNT(Range)
(d)To count the number of empty cells in
a given range COUNTBLANK =COUNTBLANK(Range)
4. Write any three mathematical functions commonly used in spreadsheets and briefly
explain them. June 2019 3 Scores
Ans: 1.SUM : This function is used to get the sum of given numbers, cells or range of
cells.
Syntax : =SUM(Range)
2.SUMIF : It only sums its values when a particular condition or criteria is met.
Syntax : SUMIF(range,”criteria”,sum_range)
3ROUND : Calc provides ’ROUND’ function to round-off a number to a certain number of
decimal places.
Syntax : ROUND(Number,Count)
4.ROUNDUP : This function rounds a number up way from zero without considering the
value next to the rounding digit.
Syntax : ROUNDUP(number,count)
Chapter 3
Use of Spreadsheet in Business Applications
Qn : What is payroll and explain the components of payroll.
February 2024 Model Exam. (3 Scores)
Ans : Payroll is a statement showing various components and various deductions of salary
of employees in a business organisation
Payroll Components
I. Earnings
1. Basic Pay (BP) : It is the fixed amount paid to the employees based on their work.
2. Grade Pay (GP) : It is the pay added to the basic pay according to the designation of the
employee.
3. Dearness Pay : It is that portion of dearness allowance which has been declared and
deemed to have been merged with the basic pay.
4. Dearness Allowance : It is a compensation to make up the purchasing power of
employees due to price rise.
5. House Rent Allowance : It is an amount paid to facilitate an employee to enjoy the
benefit of a residential accommodation.
6. Transport Allowance(TA) : It is an amount paid to facilitate an employee to travel
between his home and place of work.
Deductions
1. Professional Tax (PT) : It is the tax levied by the State on the income earned by way of
profession, trade or employment.
2. Provident Fund (PF) : It is a statutory deduction made as a part of social security.
Gross Pay = Basic Pay + Grade Pay + DA+ HRA + Other Allowances
Net Pay = Gross Pay – Total Deductions
Qn :Name the functions used for calculating depreciation under straight line and written
down value methods. Also write their syntax in a spreadsheet.
June 2019 3 Scores
Ans:
Function Syntax
Depreciation under SLN = SLN(Cost, Salvage,Life)
straight line method
Chapter 4
Graphs and Charts for Business data
1. Show the steps for creating a chart. (SCERT)
Or
Write the steps for preparing chart in LibreOffice Calc. March 2024 (2 Scores)
Ans : 1. Open LibreOffice Calc
Applications ---> Office ------> LibreOffice Calc
2.Data entry
Input the necessary data into spreadsheet manually or we can import the data from other
sources.
3.Data selection
Select the cells which contain the data where chart is to be prepared.
4. Plotting the chart
Insert ----> Chart ----> Chart Wizard----->Finish
2. List out the advantages of charts and graphs in business applications.
Chapter 5
Accounting Software Package – GNUKhata
1. Write any 3 features of GNUKhata Accounting Software. March 2021 (3 Scores)
Or
Explain any three features of Gnukhata March 2024 (3 Scores)
Ans : Features of GNUKhata
1. It is a free and open source accounting software.
2. It is based on double entry book keeping
3.Comprehensive financial reports like Ledgers, Trial balance, Profit and loss Account,
Balance sheet etc. Are available.
4.Source document can be attached along with the voucher entry.
5.Export and import of data from Spreadsheet is possible.
6.Password security and data audit facility provided.
(Any three points)
2. Explain the uses of any five default accounting voucher types in an accounting software.
SAY 2019 ( 5 Scores)
Ans : Voucher Types
Voucher Type Used to Record Short cut Keys
1.Receipts To record all receipts of cash or cheque F4
2.Payments All payments made by cash or cheque F5
3.Sales Cash and credit sales of goods F6
4.Purchase Cash and credit purchase of goods F7
5.Contra Deposits or withdrawals of cash from F8
bank.
Chapter 6
Database Management System
1. Briefly explain how a ‘Table’ is created in LibreOffice Base.(First 4 steps)
March 2021 (5 Scores)
Ans:
Step 1 :Application ---> Office ----> LibreOffice Base
Step 2 : Click on Create Table in Design View
Step 3 : Enter the Field Name
Step 4 : Enter the Field Type
Step 5 : Enter the Field Properties
SREEKUMAR P.R
HSST Commerce
T.D.H.S.S, Thuravoor
Alappuzha District