ME2322 Final Examination Fluid Dynamics

CINEC CAMPUS
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE HONOURS IN ENGINEERING

ME2322 FLUID DYNAMICS

FINAL EXAMINATION PAPER (Semester-4)
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Date : 20th December 2021

Examiner : Mr. Hasitha Wipulaguna
Time Allowed : Three Hours
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INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

• This question paper consists of 6 questions.

• Answer 5 questions out of 6.

• You should write legibly in black or blue ink.

• Do not take the exam paper or part of it, out of the examination hall.

• Graph papers and exam scripts will be provided.

• Non programmable calculators are allowed.

• This is a closed book exam.

• Any data which is not given should be assumed and clearly mentioned.

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ME2322 Final Examination Fluid Dynamics

QUESTION 01

a) Describe Eulerian and Lagrangian descriptions in Fluid flow. [10 marks]

b) Explain the no slip condition in fluid. [5 marks]
c) Consider the following steady, two-dimensional velocity field:
V = (u,v)= ( a2- (b-cx)2 i + (-2cby +2c2xy)j
Is there a stagnation point ? If so Where ? [5 marks]

QUESTION 02
a) Nadeen is washing her car, using a nozzle similar to the one sketched in Fig. 1. The nozzle
is 9.906 cm long, with an inlet diameter of 1.0668 cm and an outlet diameter of 0.46228
cm. The volume flow rate through the garden hose (and through the nozzle) is V =
53.058cm3/s, and the flow is steady. Estimate the magnitude of the acceleration of a fluid
particle moving down the centerline of the nozzle.
[15 marks]

Figure 1

b) Explain Streamlines, Streaklines and pathlines briefly . [5 marks]

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ME2322 Final Examination Fluid Dynamics

QUESTION 03

a) Oil at 200 C (ρ = 888 kg/m3 and μ = 0.88 kg/m.s) is flowing steadily through a 5-cm
diameter 40 m long pipe. The pressure at the pipe inlet and outlet are measured to be 745
kpa and 97 kPa respectively. Determine the flow rate of oil through the pipe assuming the
pipe is (i) Horizontal ,(ii) inclined 150 upward, (iii) inclined 150 downwards.(iv) Also verify
that the flow through the pipe is laminar. [10 marks ]

b) Water at 15.5 0 C (ρ = 998.91 kg/m3 and μ = 11.214 x 10-4 kg/m.s) is flowing steadily in a
50.8 mm diameter horizontal pipe made of stainless steel at a rate of 5.663 x 10-3 m3 /s .
Determine the pressure drop, head loss and the required pumping power input for a flow
over 60.96 m long section of the pipe. (friction factor given as 0.0174) [10 marks]

QUESTION 04

a) Sketch or plot the flow diagram of turbomachinery . [5 marks]

b) Explain the difference between a Pump and a turbine. Give 3 examples of Positive
displacement pumps (With sketches of pumps). [5 marks]

c) Explain the function of a Francis turbine with explanation and Sketches of the turbine.
[5 marks]

d) Explain the difference between the impulse and reaction turbines. Give examples for an
impulse turbine. [5 marks]

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ME2322 Final Examination Fluid Dynamics

QUESTION 05

a) A 6 cm diameter horizontal water pipe expands gradually to a 9 cm diameter pipe (Fig. 2)

Figure 2

The walls of the expansion section are angled at 300 from the horizontal. The average
velocity and pressure of water before the expansion section are 7 m/s and 150 kPa
respectively. Determine the head loss in the expansion section and the pressure in the
larger diameter pipe. [10 marks]

b) Water at 100 C flows from a large reservoir to a smaller one through a 5cm diameter cast
iron pipe system as shown in Fig 3. Determine the elevation Z1 for a flow rate of 6 L/S
[10 marks]

Figure 3

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ME2322 Final Examination Fluid Dynamics

QUESTION 06

𝑢 𝑦 𝑦 2
a) The Boundary layer equation given as = 2( ) − ( )
𝑈∞ 𝛿 𝛿
Determine an expression for δ* = f (δ). [5 marks]
b) Consider the smooth square 10 cm by 10 cm duct in below Figure 4. The fluid is air at
20°C and 1 atm, flowing at Vavr = 24 m/s. It is desired to increase the pressure drop over
the 1-m length by adding sharp 8-mm-long flat plates across the duct, as shown. (a)
Estimate the pressure drop if there are no plates. (b) Estimate how many plates are
needed to generate an additional pressure. [15
marks]

Figure 4

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ME2322 Final Examination Fluid Dynamics

Useful Formulae

𝜌𝑣𝐷
𝑅𝑒 =
𝜇

( 𝛥𝑝 − 𝜌𝑔𝐿𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 )𝜋𝐷4
𝑣=
128𝜇𝐿

∂V
𝑎 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧, 𝑡) = + (v. ∇)v
∂t

64
𝑓= for circular pipes
𝑅𝑒

𝐿 𝜌𝑉 2
𝛥𝑃𝐿 = 𝑓
𝐷 2

𝐿 𝑉2
ℎ𝐿 = 𝑓
𝐷 2𝑔

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ME2322 Final Examination Fluid Dynamics

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ME2322 Final Examination Fluid Dynamics