Translated from Indonesian to English - www.onlinedoctranslator.

com

Gender and Women's Equality

Group 4
. Agnes Monica Tampubolon : P0752022314
. Miranda Sianipar : P07520223154
Paragraph text Gender equality is
one of our basic human rights. The
right to live in dignity, free from fear
and free to determine life choices is
not only intended for men, women
also have the same rights in essence.

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GENDER DEFINITION

Differences in nature, roles, functions and status of men and women

(including the elderly, children, people with disabilities and
vulnerable groups) which are not based on biological differences,
but on socio-cultural relations which are influenced more broadly by
the structure of society.

So gender is a socio-cultural construct & can change according to the

times.

Gender is not Women Empowerment

Gender is not Women's Emancipation

Gender is not only about women

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Paragraph text: Women are no longer fully dependent
on their husbands to meet the family's economic
needs, women have begun to think about their
personal income as a form of material concern for the
survival of a family.

In general, the motives and goals in working will be

different between men and women. For men, working
is an obligation that must be carried out because of
their responsibilities as head of the family and
breadwinner. While for women, especially those who
are married, working can be interpreted as helping the
family economy. That is why some women decide to
help the family economy by working.

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Unfortunately, until now, in society there are still those who
think that women are weak and only become complementary
figures. The figure of a woman who is successful and can balance
between family and career is very rare to find. Women are often
afraid to have a career because of the demands of their role as a
housewife.

But on the other hand, along with the development of the times,
the level of modernization and globalization of information and
the success of the women's emancipation movement and
feminism, women's attitudes and roles have begun to shift. In the
economic sector, for example, women's involvement in economic
activities has changed and increased quite dramatically.

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GENDER

BIOLOGICAL differences between men and women include

differences in chromosomes, sexual-reproductive organs and
physical characteristics.

Characteristic features:

Acquired SINCE BIRTH

God's Creation (NATURAL, GIVEN, GIVEN)

Universal (applicable at all times and everywhere)

Permanent/settled

CANNOT BE CHANGED or ALTERED

NOT EXCHANGEABLE

Often called biological sex a

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GENDER

The distinction between men and women, in terms of values, positions, roles, status and relationships

Characteristic features:

Non-biological in nature

Formed and learned from childhood Environmental Factors ngan, Habits, Parenting, Education etc.

Contextual (influenced by space and time)

Specific (not the same for everyone)

Subject to change or modification

Interchangeable

Often called social gender

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Gender according to theory

1. Theory of Natural Law

According to this theory, the biological differences that distinguish this type of sex amin in viewing gender (Suryadi and Idris, 2004). Theory
are divided into two, namely:

a. Nature Theory

This theory views gender differences as a natural fact. ng does not need to be a problem.

b. Nurture Theory

This theory views gender differences as a result of invention that is not cultural and not natural, so that gender differences
universally applicable and cannot be exchanged.

2. Cultural Theory This theory views gender as a result of the from cultural construction (Suryadi and Idris, 2004). According to the
superiority of men over women due to the contradiction theory of cultural construction, material, or wealth.

Gender is the result of a cultural process in society where social distinguish between male and female social roles. Sorting for
roles based on gender can be exchanged, shared, or shared. and training.

3. Structural Functional Theory

Based on this theory, demands for gender equality have emerged, leading to er in social roles in society as a result of the existence of
changes in the socio-economic value structure of society.

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In the era of globalization which is full of various competitions, a person's role is no longer a-norm
referring to the norm of social life which takes into account more factors
gender, will remain i is determined by competitiveness and skills (Suryadi and Idris, 2004).

Heddy Shri Ahimsha Pu Tra (2000) emphasized that the term gender can be distinguished as
some meanings of be follows:

Gender as an is a foreign term with a specific meaning.

Gender as a phenomenon socio-cultural nomena.

. Gender as a social awareness.

Gender as a p socio-cultural issues.

Gender as a concepts for analysis,

Gender as a perspective to view reality

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Factors Causing Discrimination Against Women
Some factors causing discrimination against
women include:

1.Patriarchal values and culture.

2. Low capacity of women.

3. Discriminatory legal policies, regulations and

systems.

4.Discriminatory policies and programs.

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Impact of Discrimination Against Women

As a result of discrimination against women, it often leads to

impacts include:

1. Traumatic and excessive fear (phobia) of things

bad thing that ever happened to him.

2. Uncontrollable feelings of resentment and anger, either towards oneself or towards others, due
to the discriminatory treatment one receives.

3. Feelings of inferiority or lack of self-confidence, for example due to being marginalized.

4. Physical disabilities or other signs of violence experienced by women,

for example in cases of domestic violence (KDRT). 5. Deviant behavior, for example someone feels
ostracized in

family, then he will look for other escapes such as joining gangs or getting caught up in drugs.

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Fighting for equality

Fighting for equality does not mean pitting two sexes against
each other, male and female. However, it is more about building
an equal relationship. Opportunities must be equally open to both
men and women, equally important, to get education, nutritious
food, health, job opportunities, including being actively involved
in socio-political organizations and decision-making processes.

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steps in the fight for equality

1. Build self-awareness

The first thing we have to do is build self-awareness. This can be done

through education. Because the roles that create unequal relations are
the result of teaching and socialization, the way to change them is also
through new teaching and socialization. We can do exercises or critical
discussions. Ask professionals, gender equality activists, or anyone we
think is capable of helping to guide the training and discussions we hold
together.

2. Not just a woman's business We must build a new understanding and

approach that this also concerns men. There is no way that change will
occur if men are not involved in this effort. Women can be trained to be
more active, brave, and able to make decisions, while men also need to be
trained to respect and appreciate women's abilities and be willing to
partner to progress.

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3. Talk about it

One way to initiate change is to speak up about things that

cause pressure or discrimination. The best way is to speak up
and talk about it openly and in a friendly manner. There must
be a medium to build dialogue to agree on the best ways to
build equal and fair relations between the sexes. Isn't this
much happier?

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3. Conclusion

1. Gender discrimination refers to a form of injustice towards certain individuals, where the
form is like services (facilities) that are made based on the characteristics represented by
the individual.

2. Forms of gender discrimination against women are marginalization, subordination,

stereotypical views (labeling or bad image), violence and excessive workload.

a. Factors causing gender discrimination against women include: patriarchal values and
culture, low capacity of women, discriminatory legal policies, regulations and systems,
discriminatory policies and programs.

b. The impacts of gender discrimination on women include: trauma and excessive fear,
uncontrolled revenge and anger, feelings of inferiority and lack of self-confidence, deviant
behavior and physical and mental wounds.

c. Ways to fight for gender equality for women are: building self-awareness, building new
understanding and approaches that this also concerns men, revealing things that cause
pressure or discrimination, campaigning and implementing it in everyday life.