List of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) from the chapter "Cell: The

Unit of Life"

1. Which of the following is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

• a) Nucleus
• b) Mitochondria
• c) Ribosome
• d) Endoplasmic reticulum
2. What structure regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell?
• a) Cell wall
• b) Cell membrane
• c) Cytoplasm
• d) Nucleus
3. Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
• a) Golgi apparatus
• b) Ribosomes
• c) Lysosomes
• d) Vacuoles
4. The genetic material of a cell is located in the:
• a) Cytoplasm
• b) Cell membrane
• c) Nucleus
• d) Ribosomes
5. Which of the following structures is present in plant cells but not in animal cells?
• a) Mitochondria
• b) Chloroplasts
• c) Nucleus
• d) Endoplasmic reticulum
6. Which organelle is involved in the modification and packaging of proteins?
• a) Endoplasmic reticulum
• b) Golgi apparatus
• c) Lysosomes
• d) Mitochondria
7. What is the primary function of lysosomes in a cell?
• a) Protein synthesis
• b) Energy production
• c) Digestion of waste materials
• d) Photosynthesis
8. The semi-permeable membrane surrounding a cell is called the:
• a) Cytoplasm
• b) Cell membrane
• c) Cell wall
• d) Nucleus
9. Which type of cell lacks a true nucleus?
• a) Eukaryotic cells
• b) Prokaryotic cells
• c) Plant cells
• d) Animal cells
10. Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?
• a) Mitochondria
• b) Ribosomes
• c) Chloroplasts
• d) Golgi apparatus
11. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with:
• a) Mitochondria
• b) Ribosomes
• c) Lysosomes
• d) Golgi apparatus
12. Which structure provides structural support to plant cells?
• a) Cell membrane
• b) Cytoplasm
• c) Cell wall
• d) Nucleus
13. The primary function of mitochondria is to:
• a) Produce glucose
• b) Synthesize proteins
• c) Generate ATP
• d) Store nutrients
14. What is the main role of ribosomes in a cell?
• a) Lipid synthesis
• b) Protein synthesis
• c) DNA replication
• d) Energy production
15. The fluid mosaic model describes the structure of the:
• a) Cell wall
• b) Cytoplasm
• c) Cell membrane
• d) Nucleus
16. Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?
• a) Protection
• b) Energy production
• c) Communication
• d) Selective permeability
17. Which type of transport does NOT require energy?
• a) Active transport
• b) Passive transport
• c) Endocytosis
• d) Exocytosis
18. The central vacuole is primarily found in which type of cell?
• a) Animal cells
• b) Bacterial cells
• c) Plant cells
• d) Fungal cells
19. Which part of the cell is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances?
• a) Mitochondria
• b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
• c) Golgi apparatus
• d) Lysosomes
20. In which organelle does cellular respiration primarily occur?
• a) Chloroplasts
• b) Nucleus
• c) Mitochondria
• d) Ribosomes
21. What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?
• a) Protein synthesis
• b) DNA replication
• c) Modifying and packaging proteins
• d) Energy production
22. Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
• a) Membrane-bound organelles
• b) True nucleus
• c) Nucleoid region
• d) Large size
23. What is the primary function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
• a) Protein synthesis
• b) Lipid synthesis
• c) Energy production
• d) DNA replication
24. Which structure facilitates communication between plant cells?
• a) Tight junctions
 • b) Gap junctions
• c) Plasmodesmata
• d) Desmosomes
25. The basic unit of life is the:
• a) Atom
• b) Molecule
• c) Cell
• d) Tissue
26. Which organelle is known as the "suicide bag" of the cell?
• a) Golgi apparatus
• b) Ribosome
• c) Lysosome
• d) Endoplasmic reticulum
27. What type of cell division results in genetic diversity?
• a) Mitosis
• b) Meiosis
• c) Binary fission
• d) Budding
28. Which structure is responsible for the synthesis of lipids?
• a) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
• b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
• c) Golgi apparatus
• d) Mitochondria
29. What is the primary function of chloroplasts?
• a) Cellular respiration
• b) Photosynthesis
• c) Protein synthesis
• d) Lipid synthesis
30. Which organelle is involved in the synthesis of ATP?
• a) Ribosomes
• b) Chloroplasts
• c) Mitochondria
• d) Golgi apparatus
31. The nucleolus is located within the:
• a) Cytoplasm
• b) Cell membrane
• c) Nucleus
• d) Ribosome
32. What is the role of the cytoskeleton in a cell?
• a) Energy production
• b) Providing structural support and shape
• c) Protein synthesis
• d) Lipid metabolism
33. Which of the following is a function of vacuoles in plant cells?
• a) Energy production
• b) Storage of substances
• c) Protein synthesis
• d) Photosynthesis
34. The term "cell theory" includes which of the following statements?
• a) All cells have a nucleus.
• b) All living things are made of cells.
• c) Cells can spontaneously arise.
• d) Cells are the smallest unit of life.
35. Which type of cells have a cell wall made of cellulose?
• a) Animal cells
• b) Fungal cells
• c) Bacterial cells
• d) Plant cells
36. What is the function of plasmodesmata?
• a) Transporting nutrients
• b) Facilitating cell communication
• c) Providing structural support
 • d) Synthesizing proteins
37. Which organelle contains enzymes for breaking down waste?
• a) Mitochondria
• b) Lysosomes
• c) Golgi apparatus
• d) Ribosomes
38. What is the primary role of the cell membrane?
• a) Energy production
• b) Protecting the cell and regulating transport
• c) Storing genetic information
• d) Synthesizing proteins
39. Which type of cell contains chlorophyll?
• a) Animal cells
• b) Plant cells
• c) Bacterial cells
• d) Fungal cells
40. What is the importance of stem cells in biology?
• a) They can differentiate into various cell types.
• b) They are involved in energy production.
• c) They help in photosynthesis.
• d) They are responsible for cell division.
41. Which of the following statements is true about eukaryotic cells?
• a) They lack membrane-bound organelles.
• b) They have a true nucleus.
• c) They are always unicellular.
• d) They are smaller than prokaryotic cells.
42. What is the role of gap junctions in animal cells?
• a) Preventing cell communication
• b) Facilitating communication between adjacent cells
• c) Providing structural support
• d) Transporting nutrients
43. Which organelle is responsible for lipid metabolism?
• a) Ribosomes
• b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
• c) Golgi apparatus
• d) Mitochondria
44. What is the main function of the cytoplasm?
• a) Energy production
• b) Providing a medium for metabolic reactions
• c) Storing genetic information
• d) Synthesizing proteins
45. Which of the following organelles is involved in energy production?
• a) Chloroplasts
• b) Ribosomes
• c) Golgi apparatus
• d) Mitochondria
46. What type of transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient?
• a) Passive transport
• b) Active transport
• c) Facilitated diffusion
• d) Osmosis
47. Which of the following best describes the composition of the cell membrane?
• a) A rigid structure
• b) A lipid bilayer with embedded proteins
• c) A single layer of phospholipids
• d) A carbohydrate layer
48. What role do vesicles play in cellular transport?
• a) They provide energy.
• b) They transport materials within the cell.
• c) They synthesize proteins.
• d) They store genetic material.
49. Which structure is primarily responsible for maintaining homeostasis in a cell?
 • a) Cell wall
• b) Cell membrane
• c) Cytoplasm
• d) Nucleus
50. What is the function of the extracellular matrix in animal cells?
• a) Energy production
• b) Structural support and cell communication
• c) Photosynthesis
• d) Protein synthesis

51.Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

• a) Protein modification
• b) Synthesis of hormones
• c) ATP production
• d) DNA replication
52. The primary function of peroxisomes is to:
• a) Produce energy
• b) Break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances
• c) Synthesize proteins
• d) Store genetic material
53. Which structure is responsible for the synthesis of ribosomal RNA?
• a) Nucleolus
• b) Golgi apparatus
• c) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
• d) Lysosomes
54. What is the primary role of microtubules in the cell?
• a) Energy production
• b) Providing structural support and facilitating transport
• c) Protein synthesis
• d) Photosynthesis
55. Which of the following statements is true about chloroplasts?
• a) They contain chlorophyll and are involved in photosynthesis.
• b) They are found in all types of cells.
• c) They produce ATP through cellular respiration.
• d) They are membrane-bound organelles found only in animal cells.
56. The main function of the cell wall is to:
• a) Regulate transport
• b) Provide protection and support
• c) Synthesize proteins
• d) Store nutrients
57. Which type of junctions prevents the leakage of materials between cells?
• a) Tight junctions
• b) Gap junctions
• c) Desmosomes
• d) Plasmodesmata
58. Which of the following organelles is involved in detoxifying harmful substances?
• a) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
• b) Mitochondria
• c) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
• d) Ribosomes
59. The primary structural component of the cell membrane is:
• a) Carbohydrates
• b) Proteins
• c) Lipids
• d) Nucleic acids
60. The organelle that contains enzymes for digestion is called:
• a) Golgi apparatus
• b) Lysosome
• c) Ribosome
• d) Mitochondria
61. What is the main role of DNA in the nucleus?
• a) Energy production
• b) Genetic information storage and transmission
• c) Protein synthesis
• d) Lipid metabolism
62. Which of the following is true about eukaryotic cells?
• a) They do not have a membrane-bound nucleus.
• b) They contain organelles.
• c) They are always unicellular.
• d) They are smaller than prokaryotic cells.
63. What is the primary role of the cell membrane proteins?
• a) Energy storage
• b) Transport and communication
• c) Synthesis of lipids
• d) DNA replication
64. Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of ATP?
• a) Ribosome
• b) Chloroplast
• c) Mitochondria
• d) Golgi apparatus
65. The function of the cytoskeleton includes:
• a) Protein synthesis
• b) Providing shape and structure to the cell
• c) Energy production
• d) Photosynthesis
66. Which structure is responsible for regulating the internal environment of the cell?
• a) Cytoplasm
• b) Cell wall
• c) Cell membrane
• d) Nucleus
67. The main component of the cell membrane that allows it to be fluid is:
• a) Proteins
• b) Carbohydrates
• c) Phospholipids
• d) Nucleic acids
68. Which type of cell division produces identical daughter cells?
• a) Meiosis
• b) Mitosis
• c) Binary fission
• d) Budding
69. The primary function of the cell membrane is to:
• a) Store genetic material
• b) Protect the cell and control movement of substances
• c) Synthesize proteins
• d) Produce energy
70. Which of the following organelles is responsible for photosynthesis?
• a) Mitochondria
• b) Chloroplasts
• c) Ribosomes
• d) Lysosomes
71. What is the role of the cytoplasm?
• a) Site of cellular respiration
• b) Medium for chemical reactions and organelle location
• c) Protein synthesis
• d) Genetic information storage
72. Which of the following describes the function of centrioles?
• a) Synthesis of proteins
• b) Cell division and organization of the mitotic spindle
• c) Energy production
• d) Photosynthesis
73. What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
• a) Synthesis of lipids
• b) Protein synthesis and processing
• c) DNA replication
• d) Storage of nutrients
74. Which of the following structures is found in both plant and animal cells?
• a) Cell wall
• b) Chloroplasts
• c) Mitochondria
• d) Central vacuole
75. The primary function of the plasma membrane is to:
• a) Control what enters and leaves the cell
• b) Store genetic information
• c) Synthesize carbohydrates
• d) Produce energy

52. The primary function of peroxisomes is to:

▪ a) Produce energy
▪ b) Break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances
▪ c) Synthesize proteins
▪ d) Store genetic material
53. Which structure is responsible for the synthesis of ribosomal RNA?
▪ a) Nucleolus
▪ b) Golgi apparatus
▪ c) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
▪ d) Lysosomes
54. What is the primary role of microtubules in the cell?
▪ a) Energy production
▪ b) Providing structural support and facilitating transport
▪ c) Protein synthesis
▪ d) Photosynthesis
55. Which of the following statements is true about chloroplasts?
▪ a) They contain chlorophyll and are involved in photosynthesis.
▪ b) They are found in all types of cells.
▪ c) They produce ATP through cellular respiration.
▪ d) They are membrane-bound organelles found only in animal cells.
56. The main function of the cell wall is to:
▪ a) Regulate transport
▪ b) Provide protection and support
▪ c) Synthesize proteins
▪ d) Store nutrients
57. Which type of junctions prevents the leakage of materials between cells?
▪ a) Tight junctions
▪ b) Gap junctions
▪ c) Desmosomes
▪ d) Plasmodesmata
58. Which of the following organelles is involved in detoxifying harmful substances?
▪ a) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
▪ b) Mitochondria
▪ c) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
▪ d) Ribosomes
59. The primary structural component of the cell membrane is:
▪ a) Carbohydrates
▪ b) Proteins
▪ c) Lipids
▪ d) Nucleic acids
60. The organelle that contains enzymes for digestion is called:
▪ a) Golgi apparatus
▪ b) Lysosome
▪ c) Ribosome
▪ d) Mitochondria
61. What is the main role of DNA in the nucleus?
▪ a) Energy production
▪ b) Genetic information storage and transmission
▪ c) Protein synthesis
▪ d) Lipid metabolism
62. Which of the following is true about eukaryotic cells?
▪ a) They do not have a membrane-bound nucleus.
▪ b) They contain organelles.
▪ c) They are always unicellular.
▪ d) They are smaller than prokaryotic cells.
63. What is the primary role of the cell membrane proteins?
▪ a) Energy storage
▪ b) Transport and communication
▪ c) Synthesis of lipids
▪ d) DNA replication
64. Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of ATP?
▪ a) Ribosome
▪ b) Chloroplast
▪ c) Mitochondria
▪ d) Golgi apparatus
65. The function of the cytoskeleton includes:
▪ a) Protein synthesis
▪ b) Providing shape and structure to the cell
▪ c) Energy production
▪ d) Photosynthesis
66. Which structure is responsible for regulating the internal environment of the cell?
▪ a) Cytoplasm
▪ b) Cell wall
▪ c) Cell membrane
▪ d) Nucleus
67. The main component of the cell membrane that allows it to be fluid is:
▪ a) Proteins
▪ b) Carbohydrates
▪ c) Phospholipids
▪ d) Nucleic acids
68. Which type of cell division produces identical daughter cells?
▪ a) Meiosis
▪ b) Mitosis
▪ c) Binary fission
▪ d) Budding
69. The primary function of the cell membrane is to:
▪ a) Store genetic material
▪ b) Protect the cell and control movement of substances
▪ c) Synthesize proteins
▪ d) Produce energy
70. Which of the following organelles is responsible for photosynthesis?
▪ a) Mitochondria
▪ b) Chloroplasts
▪ c) Ribosomes
▪ d) Lysosomes
71. What is the role of the cytoplasm?
▪ a) Site of cellular respiration
▪ b) Medium for chemical reactions and organelle location
▪ c) Protein synthesis
▪ d) Genetic information storage
72. Which of the following describes the function of centrioles?
▪ a) Synthesis of proteins
▪ b) Cell division and organization of the mitotic spindle
▪ c) Energy production
▪ d) Photosynthesis
73. What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
▪ a) Synthesis of lipids
▪ b) Protein synthesis and processing
▪ c) DNA replication
▪ d) Storage of nutrients
74. Which of the following structures is found in both plant and animal cells?
 ▪ a) Cell wall
▪ b) Chloroplasts
▪ c) Mitochondria
▪ d) Central vacuole
75. The primary function of the plasma membrane is to:
▪ a) Control what enters and leaves the cell
▪ b) Store genetic information
▪ c) Synthesize carbohydrates
▪ d) Produce energy

• 76.Which of the following is a function of the nucleolus?

• a) DNA replication
• b) Synthesis of ribosomal RNA
• c) Protein synthesis
• d) Lipid synthesis
77. The process by which a cell engulfs large particles is called:
• a) Exocytosis
• b) Endocytosis
• c) Osmosis
• d) Diffusion
78. Which organelle is responsible for packaging and distributing proteins?
• a) Ribosome
• b) Golgi apparatus
• c) Mitochondria
• d) Lysosome
79. The cytoplasm is composed of:
• a) Nucleus and organelles
• b) Cell membrane and cell wall
• c) Cytosol and organelles
• d) Ribosomes and enzymes
80. What is the primary role of the cell wall?
• a) Energy production
• b) Providing rigidity and protection
• c) Protein synthesis
• d) DNA storage
81. Which of the following is a characteristic of lysosomes?
• a) They produce ATP.
• b) They contain digestive enzymes.
• c) They are involved in photosynthesis.
• d) They synthesize proteins.
82. The main component of the plasma membrane is:
• a) Phospholipids
• b) Nucleic acids
• c) Proteins
• d) Carbohydrates
83. The function of the cell membrane’s cholesterol is to:
• a) Aid in protein synthesis
• b) Provide rigidity and stability
• c) Facilitate cell communication
• d) Store genetic information
84. Which type of junctions allows for the transfer of ions and small molecules between adjacent cells?
• a) Tight junctions
• b) Gap junctions
• c) Desmosomes
• d) Adherens junctions
85. Which of the following is NOT found in prokaryotic cells?
• a) Ribosomes
• b) DNA
• c) Nucleus
• d) Cell membrane
86. What is the function of the contractile vacuole in some protozoans?
• a) Storage of nutrients
• b) Regulation of water balance
• c) Photosynthesis
• d) Protein synthesis
87. The main function of ribosomes is to:
• a) Synthesize lipids
• b) Produce ATP
• c) Synthesize proteins
• d) Store genetic information
88. The semi-permeable nature of the cell membrane is primarily due to:
• a) Phospholipid bilayer
• b) Proteins
• c) Carbohydrates
• d) Cholesterol
89. What type of cell division produces gametes?
• a) Mitosis
• b) Meiosis
• c) Binary fission
• d) Budding
90. The presence of ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum indicates its role in:
• a) Lipid synthesis
• b) Protein synthesis
• c) Energy production
• d) DNA replication
91. Which structure is involved in maintaining the shape of a plant cell?
• a) Cell membrane
• b) Cytoplasm
• c) Cell wall
• d) Nucleus
92. The primary function of chlorophyll is to:
• a) Store energy
• b) Absorb sunlight for photosynthesis
• c) Synthesize carbohydrates
• d) Produce oxygen
93. Which organelle is known for its role in detoxifying hydrogen peroxide?
• a) Mitochondria
• b) Peroxisomes
• c) Lysosomes
• d) Golgi apparatus
94. The fluid mosaic model describes the structure of the:
• a) Cell wall
• b) Cell membrane
• c) Cytoplasm
• d) Nucleus
95. What is the function of the extracellular matrix?
• a) Energy production
• b) Providing structural support and signaling
• c) Protein synthesis
• d) Photosynthesis
96. The main role of the Golgi apparatus is to:
• a) Produce ATP
• b) Modify, sort, and package proteins
• c) Store genetic information
• d) Synthesize lipids
97. Which of the following is true about mitochondria?
• a) They have a double membrane.
• b) They are found only in plant cells.
• c) They contain chlorophyll.
• d) They produce glucose.
98. The term "endoplasmic reticulum" refers to:
• a) A network of membranes within the cell
• b) The outer membrane of the cell
• c) The organelle that synthesizes ATP
• d) The structure that holds DNA
99. What is the primary role of the nucleus in a cell?
• a) Energy production
• b) Storage of genetic material
• c) Protein synthesis
• d) Photosynthesis
100. Which of the following statements about plant cells is true?
• a) They lack chloroplasts.
• b) They have a large central vacuole.
• c) They do not have a cell wall.
• d) They contain centrioles.

101.Which structure in the cell is primarily involved in the synthesis of steroid hormones?
◦ a) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
◦ b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
◦ c) Golgi apparatus
◦ d) Ribosomes
102. The primary function of chromatin in the nucleus is to:
◦ a) Store energy
◦ b) Protect the cell
◦ c) Package DNA for cell division
◦ d) Synthesize proteins
103. Which of the following statements is true about the cytosol?
◦ a) It is the liquid part of the cytoplasm.
◦ b) It contains membrane-bound organelles.
◦ c) It is involved in protein synthesis.
◦ d) It is exclusively found in prokaryotic cells.
104. What is the role of ATP in the cell?
◦ a) Energy storage and transfer
◦ b) Genetic information storage
◦ c) Structural support
◦ d) Photosynthesis
105. Which of the following structures is involved in cell signaling?
◦ a) Mitochondria
◦ b) Cell membrane receptors
◦ c) Ribosomes
◦ d) Lysosomes
106. The main function of chloroplasts is to:
◦ a) Store genetic information
◦ b) Produce glucose through photosynthesis
◦ c) Generate ATP
◦ d) Digest waste materials
107. What is the primary role of desmosomes?
◦ a) To provide a barrier
◦ b) To anchor adjacent cells together
◦ c) To facilitate communication
◦ d) To allow the transport of materials
108. Which of the following is characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
◦ a) They contain membrane-bound organelles.
◦ b) They have a single circular chromosome.
◦ c) They have a nucleus.
◦ d) They are typically larger than eukaryotic cells.
109. The cytoskeleton is primarily composed of:
◦ a) Nucleic acids
◦ b) Lipids
◦ c) Proteins
◦ d) Carbohydrates
110. What is the main role of vacuoles in plant cells?
◦ a) Energy production
◦ b) Storage of substances and maintaining turgor pressure
◦ c) Protein synthesis
◦ d) Photosynthesis
111. The cell membrane’s fluidity is mainly due to:
◦ a) Proteins
◦ b) Phospholipids
◦ c) Carbohydrates
◦ d) Nucleic acids
112. Which structure is responsible for the detoxification of drugs and poisons?
◦ a) Ribosomes
◦ b) Golgi apparatus
◦ c) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
◦ d) Lysosomes
113. The term "phagocytosis" refers to:
◦ a) The engulfing of liquid substances by a cell
◦ b) The process of synthesizing proteins
◦ c) The engulfing of solid particles by a cell
◦ d) The transport of materials out of the cell
114. Which of the following statements is true about eukaryotic cells?
◦ a) They lack a nucleus.
◦ b) They are always unicellular.
◦ c) They contain organelles.
◦ d) They are smaller than prokaryotic cells.
115. What is the role of fibroblasts in animal tissues?
◦ a) Energy production
◦ b) Protein synthesis
◦ c) Production of extracellular matrix components
◦ d) Storage of nutrients
116. The function of a cell's extracellular matrix is to:
◦ a) Provide energy
◦ b) Support and anchor cells
◦ c) Synthesize proteins
◦ d) Store genetic material
117. Which part of the cell is involved in the production of ribosomal RNA?
◦ a) Nucleus
◦ b) Ribosomes
◦ c) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
◦ d) Golgi apparatus
118. The primary function of centrioles is:
◦ a) Energy production
◦ b) Organizing microtubules during cell division
◦ c) Synthesizing proteins
◦ d) Transporting materials
119. Which of the following processes is a form of active transport?
◦ a) Osmosis
◦ b) Facilitated diffusion
◦ c) Sodium-potassium pump
◦ d) Simple diffusion
120. What is the primary function of neurotransmitters?
◦ a) Store energy
◦ b) Transmit signals between nerve cells
◦ c) Synthesize proteins
◦ d) Digest waste materials
121. Which of the following structures can be found in both plant and animal cells?
◦ a) Cell wall
◦ b) Chloroplasts
◦ c) Mitochondria
◦ d) Central vacuole
122. The process by which cells release substances is known as:
◦ a) Exocytosis
◦ b) Endocytosis
◦ c) Diffusion
◦ d) Osmosis
123. The primary role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is to:
◦ a) Synthesize and transport proteins
◦ b) Produce ATP
◦ c) Synthesize lipids
◦ d) Store genetic material
124. What is the primary component of the cell membrane that helps in cell recognition?
◦ a) Phospholipids
◦ b) Glycoproteins
◦ c) Cholesterol
◦ d) Nucleic acids
125. The organelle known for its role in cellular respiration is:
◦ a) Chloroplast
◦ b) Golgi apparatus
◦ c) Mitochondria
◦ d) Ribosomes
126. Which type of endocytosis involves the uptake of fluids?
◦ a) Phagocytosis
◦ b) Pinocytosis
◦ c) Receptor-mediated endocytosis
◦ d) Active transport
127. What is the main function of the nuclear envelope?
◦ a) Energy production
◦ b) Protecting the nucleus and regulating transport
◦ c) Synthesizing proteins
◦ d) Storing genetic information
128. Which cellular structure is responsible for sorting and packaging proteins?
◦ a) Nucleus
◦ b) Ribosome
◦ c) Golgi apparatus
◦ d) Endoplasmic reticulum
129. What is the primary role of signaling molecules in cells?
◦ a) Energy production
◦ b) Communication between cells
◦ c) Protein synthesis
◦ d) Lipid metabolism
130. Which organelle is involved in the synthesis of ATP?
◦ a) Lysosomes
◦ b) Mitochondria
◦ c) Ribosomes
◦ d) Golgi apparatus

131.Which component of the cell membrane is primarily responsible for its selective permeability?
▪ a) Phospholipids
▪ b) Proteins
▪ c) Cholesterol
▪ d) Carbohydrates
132. What is the function of cilia in eukaryotic cells?
▪ a) Energy production
▪ b) Movement of the cell or movement of substances across the cell surface
▪ c) Protein synthesis
▪ d) Storage of nutrients
133. Which of the following best describes the structure of ribosomes?
▪ a) Membrane-bound organelles
▪ b) Composed of RNA and proteins, not membrane-bound
▪ c) Fluid-filled sacs
▪ d) Double-membraned structures
134. The primary role of the nucleoid in prokaryotic cells is to:
▪ a) Synthesize proteins
▪ b) Store genetic material
▪ c) Produce energy
▪ d) Regulate cell division
135. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in detoxification in liver cells?
▪ a) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
▪ b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
▪ c) Golgi apparatus
▪ d) Ribosomes
136. The process of water movement across a selectively permeable membrane is called:
▪ a) Active transport
▪ b) Osmosis
▪ c) Diffusion
▪ d) Facilitated diffusion
137. Which organelle is known as the "powerhouse of the cell"?
▪ a) Golgi apparatus
▪ b) Chloroplast
▪ c) Mitochondria
▪ d) Ribosome
138. What role do lysosomes play in a cell?
▪ a) Protein synthesis
▪ b) Cellular respiration
▪ c) Digestion of macromolecules and waste
▪ d) Photosynthesis
139. The function of the plasma membrane includes:
▪ a) Providing structural support only
▪ b) Controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell
▪ c) Synthesizing ATP
▪ d) Storing genetic information
140. Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?
▪ a) Energy production
▪ b) Modification and packaging of proteins
▪ c) Synthesis of lipids
▪ d) Storage of nutrients
141. What is the main function of cytoplasmic streaming?
▪ a) Protein synthesis
▪ b) Distribution of nutrients and organelles within the cell
▪ c) Energy production
▪ d) Genetic information storage
142. The primary component of plant cell walls is:
▪ a) Cellulose
▪ b) Chitin
▪ c) Peptidoglycan
▪ d) Protein
143. Which of the following processes allows for the uptake of large molecules into the cell?
▪ a) Diffusion
▪ b) Active transport
▪ c) Endocytosis
▪ d) Osmosis
144. The primary purpose of the cytoskeleton is to:
▪ a) Synthesize proteins
▪ b) Provide shape and structural support to the cell
▪ c) Store nutrients
▪ d) Generate ATP
145. Which cellular structure is responsible for producing and modifying polysaccharides?
▪ a) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
▪ b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
▪ c) Golgi apparatus
▪ d) Lysosome
146. What is the primary function of transport proteins in the cell membrane?
▪ a) To provide structural integrity
▪ b) To facilitate the movement of substances across the membrane
▪ c) To synthesize ATP
▪ d) To store genetic material
147. Which of the following is true about plasmodesmata?
▪ a) They are found in animal cells only.
▪ b) They allow communication and transport between plant cells.
▪ c) They are involved in photosynthesis.
▪ d) They are structures found in prokaryotic cells.
148. The main function of the plasma membrane's carbohydrate chains is to:
▪ a) Provide energy
▪ b) Aid in cell recognition and signaling
▪ c) Synthesize proteins
▪ d) Store genetic information
149. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a prokaryotic cell?
▪ a) Presence of a nucleus
▪ b) Circular DNA
▪ c) Membrane-bound organelles
▪ d) Larger size compared to eukaryotic cells
150. The primary function of the central vacuole in plant cells is to:
▪ a) Store waste products
▪ b) Maintain turgor pressure and store nutrients
▪ c) Synthesize proteins
▪ d) Generate ATP
151. Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of fatty acids?
▪ a) Golgi apparatus
▪ b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
▪ c) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
▪ d) Lysosome
152. The process of diffusion is best described as:
▪ a) Movement of water across a membrane
▪ b) Movement of solutes from an area of high concentration to low concentration
▪ c) Movement of particles against their concentration gradient
▪ d) Movement of large particles into the cell
153. The primary function of the basal body is to:
▪ a) Anchor cilia and flagella
▪ b) Synthesize proteins
▪ c) Store genetic information
▪ d) Produce ATP
154. Which of the following statements about ribosomes is true?
▪ a) They are membrane-bound organelles.
▪ b) They synthesize proteins from amino acids.
▪ c) They only exist in prokaryotic cells.
▪ d) They are involved in cellular respiration.
155. The function of microfilaments in the cytoskeleton is to:
▪ a) Provide structural support and assist in cell movement
▪ b) Store nutrients
▪ c) Synthesize proteins
▪ d) Conduct cellular respiration
156. The main function of a nuclear pore is to:
▪ a) Store DNA
▪ b) Regulate the movement of substances in and out of the nucleus
▪ c) Synthesize ribosomes
▪ d) Produce ATP
157. Which organelle is primarily involved in producing cellular energy in the form of ATP?
▪ a) Chloroplast
▪ b) Mitochondria
▪ c) Golgi apparatus
▪ d) Endoplasmic reticulum
158. The process of receptor-mediated endocytosis involves:
▪ a) Random uptake of materials
▪ b) Specific binding of molecules to receptors before internalization
▪ c) Active transport against a concentration gradient
▪ d) Direct diffusion across the membrane
159. Which of the following structures is involved in the maintenance of cell shape and internal organization?
▪ a) Cell wall
▪ b) Cytoskeleton
▪ c) Golgi apparatus
▪ d) Ribosomes
160. The main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is:
▪ a) Lipid synthesis
▪ b) Protein synthesis and modification
▪ c) Energy production
▪ d) DNA replication

Answers-
b) Mitochondria
▪ b) Cell membrane
▪ b) Ribosomes
▪ c) Nucleus
▪ b) Chloroplasts
▪ b) Golgi apparatus
▪ c) Digestion of waste materials
▪ b) Cell membrane
▪ b) Prokaryotic cells
▪ c) Chloroplasts
▪ b) Ribosomes
▪ c) Cell wall
▪ c) Generate ATP
▪ b) Protein synthesis
▪ c) Cell membrane
▪ b) Energy production
▪ b) Passive transport
▪ c) Plant cells
▪ b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
▪ c) Mitochondria
▪ c) Modifying and packaging proteins
▪ c) Nucleoid region
▪ b) Lipid synthesis
▪ c) Plasmodesmata
▪ c) Cell
▪ c) Lysosome
▪ b) Meiosis
▪ b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
▪ b) Photosynthesis
▪ c) Mitochondria
▪ c) Nucleus
▪ b) Providing structural support and shape
▪ b) Storage of substances
▪ b) All living things are made of cells.
▪ d) Plant cells
▪ b) Facilitating cell communication
▪ b) Lysosomes
▪ b) Protecting the cell and regulating transport
▪ b) Plant cells
▪ a) They can differentiate into various cell types.
▪ b) They have a true nucleus.
▪ b) Facilitating communication between adjacent cells
▪ b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
▪ b) Providing a medium for metabolic reactions
▪ d) Mitochondria
▪ b) Active transport
▪ b) A lipid bilayer with embedded proteins
▪ b) They transport materials within the cell.
▪ b) Cell membrane
▪ b) Structural support and cell communication
▪ b) Synthesis of hormones
▪ b) Break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances
▪ a) Nucleolus
▪ b) Providing structural support and facilitating transport
▪ a) They contain chlorophyll and are involved in photosynthesis.
▪ b) Provide protection and support
▪ a) Tight junctions
▪ c) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
▪ c) Lipids
▪ b) Lysosome
▪ b) Genetic information storage and transmission
▪ b) They contain organelles.
▪ b) Transport and communication
▪ c) Mitochondria
▪ b) Providing shape and structure to the cell
▪ c) Cell membrane
▪ c) Phospholipids
▪ b) Mitosis
▪ b) Protect the cell and control movement of substances
▪ b) Chloroplasts
▪ b) Medium for chemical reactions and organelle location
▪ b) Cell division and organization of the mitotic spindle
▪ b) Protein synthesis and processing
▪ c) Mitochondria
▪ a) Control what enters and leaves the cell
▪ b) Synthesis of ribosomal RNA
▪ b) Endocytosis
▪ b) Golgi apparatus
▪ c) Cytosol and organelles
▪ b) Providing rigidity and protection
▪ b) They contain digestive enzymes.
▪ a) Phospholipids
▪ b) Provide rigidity and stability
▪ b) Gap junctions
c) Nucleus
▪ b) Regulation of water balance
▪ c) Synthesize proteins
▪ a) Phospholipid bilayer
▪ b) Meiosis
▪ b) Protein synthesis
▪ c) Cell wall
▪ b) Absorb sunlight for photosynthesis
▪ b) Peroxisomes
▪ b) Cell membrane
▪ b) Providing structural support and signaling
▪ b) Modify, sort, and package proteins
▪ a) They have a double membrane.
▪ a) A network of membranes within the cell
▪ b) Storage of genetic material
▪ b) They have a large central vacuole.
▪ b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
▪ c) Package DNA for cell division
▪ a) It is the liquid part of the cytoplasm.
▪ a) Energy storage and transfer
▪ b) Cell membrane receptors
▪ b) Produce glucose through photosynthesis
▪ b) To anchor adjacent cells together
▪ b) They have a single circular chromosome.
▪ c) Proteins
▪ b) Storage of substances and maintaining turgor pressure
▪ b) Phospholipids
▪ c) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
▪ c) The engulfing of solid particles by a cell
▪ c) They contain organelles.
▪ c) Production of extracellular matrix components
▪ b) Support and anchor cells
▪ a) Nucleus
▪ b) Organizing microtubules during cell division
▪ c) Sodium-potassium pump
▪ b) Transmit signals between nerve cells
▪ c) Mitochondria
▪ a) Exocytosis
▪ a) Synthesize and transport proteins
▪ b) Glycoproteins
▪ c) Mitochondria
▪ b) Pinocytosis
▪ b) Protecting the nucleus and regulating transport
▪ c) Golgi apparatus
▪ b) Communication between cells
▪ b) Mitochondria
▪ a) Phospholipids
▪ b) Movement of the cell or movement of substances across the cell surface
▪ b) Composed of RNA and proteins, not membrane-bound
▪ b) Store genetic material
▪ b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
▪ b) Osmosis
▪ c) Mitochondria
▪ c) Digestion of macromolecules and waste
▪ b) Controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell
▪ b) Modification and packaging of proteins
▪ b) Distribution of nutrients and organelles within the cell
▪ a) Cellulose
▪ c) Endocytosis
▪ b) Provide shape and structural support to the cell
▪ c) Golgi apparatus
▪ b) To facilitate the movement of substances across the membrane
▪ b) They allow communication and transport between plant cells.
▪ b) Aid in cell recognition and signaling
▪ b) Circular DNA
▪ b) Maintain turgor pressure and store nutrients
▪ b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
▪ b) Movement of solutes from an area of high concentration to low concentration
▪ a) Anchor cilia and flagella
▪ b) They synthesize proteins from amino acids.
▪ a) Provide structural support and assist in cell movement
▪ b) Regulate the movement of substances in and out of the nucleus
▪ b) Mitochondria
▪ b) Specific binding of molecules to receptors before internalization
▪ b) Cytoskeleton
▪ b) Protein synthesis and modification