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Judaism Research

Judaism is the world's oldest monotheistic religion, founded by Abraham around 2000 BCE, with a belief in one God who revealed Himself through prophets. The Jewish sacred texts include the Tanakh, Mishna, and Talmud, which outline laws and teachings central to Jewish faith. Various sects such as Orthodox, Reform, and Conservative Judaism reflect the diversity of beliefs and practices within the religion, particularly in response to historical events like the Holocaust and the establishment of Israel.

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Gianna Georgette Roldan
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Judaism Research

Judaism is the world's oldest monotheistic religion, founded by Abraham around 2000 BCE, with a belief in one God who revealed Himself through prophets. The Jewish sacred texts include the Tanakh, Mishna, and Talmud, which outline laws and teachings central to Jewish faith. Various sects such as Orthodox, Reform, and Conservative Judaism reflect the diversity of beliefs and practices within the religion, particularly in response to historical events like the Holocaust and the establishment of Israel.

Uploaded by

Gianna Georgette Roldan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Roldan, Gianna Georgette AC12

July 16, 2019

Judaism
The Jewish Religion
Judaism is the world’s oldest monotheistic religion, dating back nearly
4,000 years ago. Followers of Judaism believe in one God who revealed
Himself through ancient prophets. Judaism began as early as 2000 BCE as
the religion of Abraham and of the small nation of the Hebrews. Through
thousands of years of suffering, persecution, dispersion, and the occasional
victory, Jewish religion and culture has been profoundly influential.

Founders of Judaism
Abraham, JUDAISM’S GREAT
ICONOCLAST
The origins of Jewish faith are explained throughout the Torah.
According to the text, God first revealed Himself to a Hebrew man named
Abraham, who became known as the founder of Judaism. Jews believe that
God made a special covenant with Abraham and that he and his descendants
were chosen people who would create a great nation.
Abraham’s son Isaac, and his grandson Jacob, also became central
figures in ancient Jewish history. Jacob took the name “Israel” and his
children and future generations became known as Israelites.
For more than 1,000 years after Avraham, the prophet Moses led the
Israelites put out of Egypt after being enslaved for hundred years. According
to scriptures, God revealed the laws, known as the Ten Commandments, to
Moses at Mt. Sinai.

Jewish Sacred Texts


Tanakh (torah)
The Jewish sacred text is called the Tanakh or the “Hebrew Bible.” It
includes the same books as the Old Testament in the Christian Bible, but
they’re placed in a slightly different order. The Torah, the first five books of
the Tanakh, outlines laws for Jews to follow. It’s sometimes also referred to
as the Pentateuch.

Mishna
In 200 A.D., scholars compiled the Mishna, a text that describes and
explains the Jewish code of law that was previously orally communicated.

TALMUD
It is a collection of teachings and commentaries on Jewish law, was
created. The Talmud contains the Mishnah and another text known as the
Gemara (which examines the Mishnah). It includes the interpretations of
thousands of rabbis and outlines the importance 0f 613 commandments of
Jewish Law. The first version of Talmud was finalized around the 3 rd century
A.D. The second form was completed during the 5 th century A.D.

Doctrines of Judaism
GOD
His love is to be reciprocated by those whose lovingly obey Torah and
whose obedience is rewarded and rebellion punished. The goal of this
obedience is God’s redemption of Israel, a role foreshadowed by his action in
bringing Israel out of Egypt.

UNITY AND UNIQUENESS


At the center of this liturgical formulation of belief Is the concept of
divine singularity, and uniqueness. This affirmation was developed in
philosophical and mystical terms by both medieval and modern thinkers.

Creativity
This “creed” or “confession of faith” underscores in the first
benediction the relation of God to the world as the creator of the creation.
“Blessed art thou, O Lord our God, King of the Universe, who forms light and
creates darkness, who makes peace and create all things.”

ACTIVITY IN THE WORLD


The second and the third benedictions deal with divine activity within
the realm of history and human life. God is the teacher of humanity; he has
chosen the people of Israel in love to witness to his presence and his desire
for a perfected society; he will, as redeemer, enable humanity to experience
that perfection.

Otherness and nearness


Within this complex of ideas, other themes are interwoven. In the
concept of the divine creator, there is a somewhat interpersonal or remote
quality of a power above a apart from the world which is emphasized by
expressions such as the trifold declaration of God’s holiness, or divine
otherness.

Choice and covenant


The concluding phrase of the second benediction of the liturgical
section, “who has chosen thy people Israel in love” clearly states that God’s
choice to establish a relationship with Israel in particular was determined by
divine love.

THE THIRTEEN PRINCIPLES OF JEWISH


FAITH
1. Belief in the existence of the Creator, who is perfect in every manner
of existence and is the primary cause of all that exists.
2. The belief in G-d’s absolute and unparalleled unity.
3. The belief in G-d’s non-corporeality, nor that He will be affected by any
physical occurrences, such as movement, or rest, or dwelling.
4. The belief in G-d’s eternity.
5. The imperative to worship G-d exclusively and no foreign false gods.
6. The belief that G-d communicates with man through prophecy.
7. The belief in the primacy of the prophecy of Moses our teacher.
8. The belief in the Divine Origin of Torah.
9. The belief in the immutability of the Torah.
10. The belief in G-d’s omniscience and providence.
11. The belief in divine reward and retribution.
12. The belief in the arrival of the Messiah and the messianic era.
13. The belief in the resurrection of the dead.
Deity
God in Judaism
When it comes to beliefs, Judaism is best known for its “ethical
monotheism”, which is the belief in one God who demands ethical behavior
of humans. Go’s name in Hebrew is YHWH, which simply but significantly
means “I am.
The sacred name of God as revealed to Moses in the Torah is YHWH.
The name of God is critically important to Jewish beliefs. The common
pronunciation “Jehovah” however, is imprecise. A more correct pronunciation
is “Yahweh”.
The word YHWH is sometimes referred to as the tetragrammaton, from
the Greek for “four-lettered.” It is also called “The Forbidden Name” or the
“Unutterable Name.” Jews also refer to God as Hashem, “the Name.”
Although traditionally this only applies to the Name in Hebrew, some
modern Jews also refrain from writing the word “God”, replacing it instead
with “G-d”. Opinions vary within Judaism as to the necessity of such a
practice.

Jewish Sects and


Movements
Conservative Judaism
A modern-day branch of the Jewish religion is the Conservative Judaism
also known as Masorti Judaism. It is a modern sect on the spectrum of Jewish
beliefs and practices that seeks to avoid the extremes of Orthodox Judaism
and Reform Judaism. Conservative Jews wish to conserve the traditional
elements of Judaism while also allowing for reasonable modernization and
rabbinical development.

Hasidism
Hasidic Judaism arose in 12th-century Germany as a movement
emphasizing asceticism and mystical experience born out of love and
humility before God. Hasidism emphasized personal experiences of God over
religious education and ritual. The primary distinction between modern
Hasidism and its earlier incarnation is modern Hasidism’s rejection of
asceticism and emphasis on the holiness of everyday life.

Kabbalah
Kabbalah refers to Jewish mysticism dating back to the time of the
second temple, approximately 400 years before Jesus Christ. It also made its
way into prayer books, popular customs and ethics. The focus of Kabbalah is
the simultaneous transcendence and immanence of God with the latter
described in terms of the sefirot or the attributes of God.

Orthodox Judaism
Orthodox Judaism is the most traditional expression of modern Judaism
when compared to Reform Judaism and Conservative Judaism. Orthodox Jews
believe the entire Torah that is the “written law” given by God in Mt. Sinai,
which remains authoritative for modern life in its entirety. Orthodox Jews also
hold to the “oral law”.

Reform Judaism
Reform Judaism is the most liberal expression of modern Judaism
whose mission is “to create and sustain vibrant Jewish congregations
wherever Reform Jews live.”

Zionism
The Holocaust and its aftermath left millions of refugees including
many Jews. The need to find a homeland for the Jewish refugees led to many
of them fervently joining the Zionist movement. The sudden rapid growth of
Zionism and the post-Holocaust displacement resulted in the emigration of
many Jews to what became the modern State of Israel soon after.

SOURCE:
https://www.history.com/topics/religion/judaism
https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/3852165/jewish/Who-were-
the-Founders-of-Judaism.htm
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Judaism/Basic-beliefs-and doctrines
www.religionfacts.com/yhwh
https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/332555/jewish/Maimonides-
13-Principles-of-Faith.htm
Retrieved 14 Jul. 2019.

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