Text Completion

1.Geologists studying deep layers of the Earth encounter challenges when trying to
understand the composition and dynamics of the mantle. As they delve deeper, the
extreme conditions and lack of direct access make it difficult to precisely determine the
mantle's properties. Despite these uncertainties,____________________
Which choice most logically completes the text?

A. researchers cannot confidently rely on established geological principles for surface

studies.
B. scientists should not prioritize developing advanced technologies to explore the
mantle directly.
C. geological theories predict a wide range of possible mantle compositions.
D. geophysicists are hindered by the mantle's mysteries in their efforts to study surface
seismic activity.

2. Despite the common assumption that social media distorts our perception of reality,
recent research suggests that individuals are often adept at accurately gauging the
opinions of their online connections. This ability, termed "virtual social sensing," allows
people to grasp the viewpoints of those in their digital networks. It is therefore plausible
____________________

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A. to develop an app that filters out biased content and presents a more objective online
experience.
B. to infer individuals' political affiliations by analyzing their engagement with news
articles on social media.
C. that individuals' online personas may significantly differ from their true beliefs and
values.
D. that machine learning algorithms can predict online behavior but struggle to interpret
nuanced human opinions.

3. In the early 20th century, Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity revolutionized
our understanding of gravity. However, it brought forth a puzzling aspect that puzzled
physicists for decades. Einstein's equations accurately describe the gravitational
interactions on a cosmic scale, but they also suggest a scenario where time behaves
differently. This enigma, not fully comprehended until much later, implies that
____________________

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A. events at the quantum level unfold independently of the gravitational field.

B. gravity can influence time, causing it to slow down or speed up.
C. objects with mass experience time dilation in a way that defies classical physics.
D. light travels at varying speeds depending on the strength of the gravitational field.

4. The origin of Earth's moon has puzzled scientists for years, and multiple theories
attempt to explain its formation around 4.5 billion years ago. One hypothesis proposes a
giant impact event, where a Mars-sized object collided with the early Earth, ejecting
debris that eventually coalesced into the moon. Another theory suggests that the moon
formed independently in orbit around the young Earth. Analyzing lunar rock samples,
researchers discovered a higher concentration of certain isotopes than expected. This
finding led them to conclude that ____________________

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A. the moon's composition is consistent with the debris ejected from a giant impact.
B. the moon originated from material that predates the formation of our solar system.
C. lunar rocks contain evidence of a volcanic origin, challenging existing formation
theories.
D. the moon's isotopic composition closely matches that of Earth, supporting the
independent formation theory.

5.

In the field of physics, Marie Curie's groundbreaking work on radioactivity earned her
two Nobel Prizes. She dedicated her life to scientific discovery, yet her contributions
extended beyond the laboratory. Curie's passion for education led her to establish the
Radium Institute in Warsaw, where she not only conducted research but also inspired
the next generation of scientists. Considering this, it is reasonable to conclude that
____________________

Which choice most logically completes the text?

(A) Marie Curie's discoveries were limited to her own Nobel Prize-winning experiments.
(B) the Radium Institute primarily focused on commercial applications of Curie's
research.
(C) Curie's impact extended beyond her research as she played a crucial role in
educating future scientists.
(D) the Radium Institute's work in Warsaw overshadowed Curie's individual
achievements.

6. In the realm of architecture, Frank Lloyd Wright's innovative designs revolutionized

the way buildings interacted with their environments. His philosophy emphasized
harmony between humanity and the natural world, evident in iconic structures like
Fallingwater. Despite his avant-garde approach, Wright was also deeply concerned with
practicality, ensuring that his designs were not just visually striking but also functional.
Therefore, it can be inferred that ____________________

Which choice most logically completes the text?

(A) Frank Lloyd Wright's architectural innovations were solely focused on aesthetics.
(B) Fallingwater, one of his renowned creations, lacked a connection to nature.
(C) Wright's designs prioritized both visual appeal and practical functionality.
(D) Wright's architectural philosophy rejected any consideration of environmental
integration.

7. In the field of literature, the writing style of author Virginia Woolf underwent a notable
transformation over the course of her career. Early in her writing journey, Woolf
experimented with traditional narrative forms, but as her literary voice evolved, she
embraced more experimental and stream-of-consciousness techniques. Recognizing
this shift, it is reasonable to infer that ____________________

Which choice most logically completes the text?

(A) Woolf's later works adhered strictly to conventional narrative structures.

(B) Woolf's experimentation with narrative forms diminished as her career progressed.
(C) Woolf's evolving writing style led her to explore more experimental and
stream-of-consciousness techniques.
(D) Woolf's early writings lacked the depth and complexity found in her later, more
experimental works.

8. In the field of archaeology, the ancient city of Pompeii has long been a subject of
fascination. Commonly believed to have been buried solely due to the eruption of Mount
Vesuvius, recent studies suggest a more complex scenario. Geologist Maria
Pappalardo's research, published in 2020, challenges the conventional narrative.
Pappalardo proposes that ________________

Which choice most logically completes the text?

(A) Pompeii's destruction was caused by Mount Vesuvius.

(B) seismic activity, in addition to the volcanic eruption, played a role in the burial of
Pompeii.
(C) Pompeii's demise was unrelated to any geological phenomena but rather resulted
from social unrest.
(D) the city of Pompeii was intentionally buried by its inhabitants for unknown reasons.

9.
In the study of ancient civilizations, the construction of Stonehenge has long puzzled
researchers. While the monument's purpose remains a subject of debate, recent
archaeological findings by Dr. Emily Clarke suggest a connection between Stonehenge
and nearby Durrington Walls. Clarke's research, published in 2021, proposes that
________________

(A) Stonehenge was built as a standalone structure without any significant relation to
nearby archaeological sites.
(B) the purpose of Stonehenge was solely religious and had no practical or communal
significance.
(C) Durrington Walls served as a residential area for the builders of Stonehenge.
(D) the construction of Stonehenge predates the existence of Durrington Walls by
several centuries.

10.
In the study of ancient civilizations, the prevailing belief was that the construction of
monumental stone structures, such as Stonehenge, was carried out by the local
population. However, recent archaeological findings challenge this notion, suggesting
that the builders of Stonehenge were not local inhabitants but rather migrants from
distant regions. This reinterpretation gained support through ________________

(A) linguistic evidence demonstrating a connection between the local population and
Stonehenge.
(B) the discovery of advanced tools near Stonehenge that were previously thought to be
exclusive to the local culture.
(C) DNA analysis, which indicates a genetic link between the builders of Stonehenge
and people from afar.
(D) architectural styles found in other local structures, implying a unified construction
approach.

11.
For centuries, it was widely accepted that a specific ancient manuscript originated in a
single location, reflecting the cultural and linguistic characteristics of that region.
However, recent interdisciplinary research challenges this assumption, proposing that
the manuscript's creation involved collaboration between individuals from diverse
geographic areas. This reevaluation gains credence through ________________

(A) an analysis of the handwriting, suggesting a uniform script characteristic of a single

location.
(B) the discovery of artifacts near the manuscript that match the cultural context of its
supposed single origin.
(C) linguistic analysis, revealing a blend of linguistic features from different regions in
the manuscript.
(D) the examination of similar manuscripts in neighboring regions, confirming a shared
cultural influence.

12.
In Lewis Carroll's "Alice in Wonderland," the whimsical and fantastical adventures of
Alice captivate readers, but a deeper exploration reveals layers of social commentary
and satire. Carroll, a mathematician, incorporated logical and linguistic puzzles, adding
complexity to what seems like a simple children's tale. Considering this, it can be
inferred that ________________

(A) Lewis Carroll intended "Alice in Wonderland" solely as a lighthearted and

entertaining story for children.
(B) the inclusion of logical and linguistic puzzles in the narrative serves to engage
readers in critical thinking.
(C) Carroll's mathematical background had little influence on the overall themes and
structure of the story.
(D) the fantastical elements in the book are meant to distract from any underlying social
commentary.