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22IZ023 Nikhil - Exercise 7 a_ Decision Trees

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37 views4 pages

22IZ023 Nikhil - Exercise 7 a_ Decision Trees

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nikhildeutsch03
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Exercise-7a Decision Trees

Aim

To implement a Decision Tree Classifier for predicting the species of the Iris
flower based on its features using Python.

Logic Description

Decision Trees are a type of supervised learning algorithm used for classification
tasks. The algorithm splits the dataset into branches based on feature conditions,
forming a tree-like structure for decision-making.

Algorithm

1.​ Load the dataset using Pandas.


2.​ Define the feature set (sepal and petal dimensions) and target variable
(species).
3.​ Split the dataset into training (80%) and testing (20%) sets.
4.​ Train a Decision Tree Classifier using the training data.
5.​ Predict the species of a flower based on user-input values.
6.​ Ensure input constraints are met before making predictions.
7.​ Display the predicted species.

Package/Tools Description

SI.N Name of Description


O Package/Tool

1 Pandas Data manipulation and analysis

2 Scikit-learn Machine learning library for


classification
Source Code:-
import pandas as pd
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier

# Step 1: Load the dataset


filename = "iris.csv" # Ensure the file is in the same directory
iris_df = pd.read_csv(filename)

# Step 2: Define features (X) and target variable (y)


X = iris_df[['sepal_length', 'sepal_width', 'petal_length',
'petal_width']]
y = iris_df['species']

# Step 3: Split dataset into training and testing sets (80% train, 20%
test)
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.2,
random_state=42)

# Step 4: Train a Decision Tree Classifier


clf = DecisionTreeClassifier(random_state=42)
clf.fit(X_train, y_train)

# Step 5: Function to predict species based on user input


def predict_iris_species():
sepal_length = float(input("Enter sepal length: "))
sepal_width = float(input("Enter sepal width: "))
petal_length = float(input("Enter petal length: "))
petal_width = float(input("Enter petal width: "))

# Ensure input values are within the given constraints


if not (1.0 <= sepal_length <= 8.0 and 0.1 <= sepal_width <= 4.0 and
1.0 <= petal_length <= 7.0 and 0.1 <= petal_width <= 2.5):
print("Error: Input values are out of range.")
return

# Prepare input for prediction


new_flower = [[sepal_length, sepal_width, petal_length, petal_width]]
predicted_species = clf.predict(new_flower)[0]
print(f"Predicted species for the new flower: {predicted_species}")
# Step 6: Run prediction
predict_iris_species()

Output:-

Test Cases

Test Input Expected Output


Case

1 Sepal Length: 5.1, Sepal Width: 3.5, Petal Predicted species:


Length: 1.4, Petal Width: 0.2 Setosa

2 Sepal Length: 6.0, Sepal Width: 3.0, Petal Predicted species:


Length: 4.8, Petal Width: 1.8 Versicolor

3 Sepal Length: 7.2, Sepal Width: 3.6, Petal Predicted species:


Length: 6.1, Petal Width: 2.5 Virginica

4 Sepal Length: 9.0, Sepal Width: 3.2, Petal Error: Input values are
Length: 5.8, Petal Width: 2.0 out of range

Inferences

●​ Decision Trees effectively classify Iris flower species based on petal and
sepal measurements.
●​ Proper input validation ensures meaningful predictions.
●​ Model accuracy depends on dataset size and quality.
Result

A Decision Tree Classifier was successfully implemented for classifying Iris


flowers, demonstrating decision-making through a tree-based structure.

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