Synopsis Title 1 2
Synopsis Title 1 2
To,
The Principal,
LESP, Sangli.
Dear Sir,
Please find the synopsis enclosed in prescribed format as per your requirement for the
following student of Third Year Mechanical Engineering Diploma, Batch 2024-2025
Kindly acknowledge and approve the same as per the course curriculum schedule.
Thanking you.
Mr. D.B.Patil.
Head Of Department
Mechanical Engineering
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LESP,Sangli.
SYNOPSIS
ON9
“Solar Still”
SUBMITTED TO
OF
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BY
Roll No Name
OF
Mr Pankaj B Patil.
Mechanical Engineering
LESP,Sangli.
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SYNOPSIS
Roll No Name
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7. Need of the Project:
1. Water Scarcity: With the increase in population and industrial activities, the availability
of fresh and potable water is decreasing. Many regions face severe water shortages, and
traditional sources like groundwater and rivers are often insufficient or polluted. Solar
distillation can provide a sustainable solution to water scarcity, especially in remote and
arid areas.
2. Renewable Energy Utilization: Solar distillation harnesses solar energy, a renewable and
eco-friendly resource, to purify water. Unlike conventional distillation methods that rely
on electricity or fossil fuels, solar distillation reduces energy consumption and
greenhouse gas emissions.
3. Environmental Impact: By using solar energy, solar distillation minimizes the carbon
footprint and reduces dependency on non-renewable energy sources. It offers a greener
alternative to water purification, aligning with global environmental sustainability goals.
4. Cost-Effectiveness: Solar distillation has low operational and maintenance costs since it
uses solar energy. This makes it an affordable option for communities in developing
areas where other methods of water purification are not feasible.
5. Applications in Disaster Relief: In areas affected by natural 8disasters, where access to
clean water is often limited, solar distillation units can provide an emergency source of
drinking water. Portable and small-scale solar distillers can be quickly deployed to aid in
disaster recovery.
6. Health Benefits: By providing clean, distilled water, solar distillation helps prevent
waterborne diseases that are common in regions with limited access to safe drinking
water. This supports public health and improves the quality of life for affected
communities.
8.Introduction:
Pure drinking water is the choice element of human, plants and animals on earth. About
97% of the earth's water is available as salt water in oceans and the remaining 3% as freshwater
in the form of ice, groundwater, lakes, and rivers, which supply most human and animal needs.
So the requirement of pure drinking water is a significant challenge for all. Solar desalination is
the best method to convert the salty water into pure drinkable form. Solar still is a simple device
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which converts the saltwater into pure drinkable form. But the lower efficiency and less
productivity is the major problem of solar still. Solar energy intensity remains higher during
noon. Hence the water temperature remains more elevated, and the condensation temperature
also remains higher. The temperature of the water does not only depend on the water temperature
but also lower condensation temperature. It is required to store the excess of heat during the
noon and utilized during the off-sunshine hours. Therefore, sensible heat storage materials have
been used by many researchers to store the excess heat during the noon and use it during the off-
sunshine hours. The accessibility of drinking healthy freshwater represents one of the main
challenges facing the world these days, especially in remote and arid areas. Along with energy
and food, drinking freshwater is one of the fundamental necessities for sustaining all life on
earth. However, most of the available water is saline and not appropriate for drinking purposes
and domestic use.
Industrialization of societies and unsustainable consumption rates cause unbalance
between the increasing demand and the provision of freshwater. Therefore, to cover this severe
shortage of freshwater, water desalination is an obligatory solution. In recent years, water
desalination has been performed using different techniques such as membrane distillation,
multiple effect distillation, and reverse osmosis. Unfortunately, employing these desalination
methods causes many problems such as fossil fuels depletion crisis, global warming, and other
environmental hazards. Therefore, the necessity for using sustainable and renewable energy
sources for water desalination is an urgent technical issue. A solar still is an inexpensive device
that yields drinkable and portable water from salty water utilizing the energy from the sun.
However, its low freshwater productivity is the main drawback which makes its real
implementation limited. Recently, employing thermal energy storage units (THS) with solar
distillation systems seems to be an encouraging practical solution to solve the increasing
imbalance between energy provision and energy consumption. Also Heat transfer is a critical
parameter while designing any solar thermal applications. Fin is a straight forward device which
can be used in the solar still to increase the surface area. Increment of the surface area leads to
heat transfer. Researchers have used fins in the solar still to increase the surface area of water
and hence the increment of water temperature.
Phase change materials (PCM’s) are widely used in different solar applications to store the solar
radiations during sunny hours and releases the stored heat after sunset. Different phase change
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materials (Paraffin wax, ParaffinC18, Paraffin 52-58, Bees wax, Paraffin oil, Lauric acid, Stearic
acid, Bitumen, Capric-palmitic, Calcium chloride hexa hydrate, Sodium ThiosulphatePenta
hydrate etc.) have been used for different solar applications due to their various properties like
low melting points, high heat of fusion and low cost. In solar distillation, use of PCM is simple
and cost effective method to store the solar energy at high insolation hours and releases at
evening/night hours. In solar distillation phase change materials help to enhance the distillate
output and its performance.
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9. Literature Review:
Mohammed Farid and Faik Hamad (1993) Efficiency of the still was found to be independent
of solar radiation, however, an increased diffused radiation lead to slight decrease in its
efficiency. Still productivity increases with the increase in ambient temperature and decrease in
wind velocity. (1)
Singh et al., (1995) have been analyzed the orientation of the glass cover inclination for higher
yield in a solar still. The effects of water depth on the hourly instantaneous cumulative and
overall thermal efficiency and internal heat transfer coefficient have also been investigated.(2)
El-Sebaii et al., (2000) designed and fabricated a single slope single basin solar still with baffle
suspended absorber (SBSSBA) as an alternate to external pre heater. Results concluded that the
daily productivity of the SBSSBA is about 20% higher than that of the conventional still (SBSS).
(3)
El-Swify and Metias (2002) induced the concept of planer reflector in a double exposure solar
still. Still was theoretically analyzed and experimentally tested. It is found theoretically that the
double exposure still gained much more daily energy than that of the ordinary one.(4)
Hiroshi Tanaka and Yasuhito (2007)investigated outdoor experiments for vertical single-effect
diffusion solar still and the proposed multiple-effect still has a very high rate of productivity in
spite of its simple structure.(5)
Selvakumar et al., (2008)studied the thermal performance of “V” type basin solar still with
charcoal absorber. The internal heat transfer and external heat transfer modes are studied.
Performance ratio of the still, variation of Nusselt number (Nu), Grashof number (Gr) and heat
transfer rates were also calculated.(6)
Bharat Kumar Patil, Sanjay Dambal (2016) the maximum productivity of a double slop single
basin solar still is effective when paraffin wax is used. As the productivity of water is obtained in
the month of April for paraffin wax is 1100ml. When compared to PCM the productivity is a bit
low when black pebble was 954ml. But the productivity of water did not obtain without Paraffin
wax nor is Black pebble found to be 795ml. This is comparatively low. The productivity of the
still can be enhanced by varying the Declination angle and it is observed that as the solar
radiation increases the temperature in the still also increases and as a result the productivity
increases remarkably.(7)
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B. N. Subramanian (2016)solar desalination is one of the most sustainable and attractive
method employed to meet the supply of drinking water for remote areas at very reasonable cost.
Heat loss is one of the major parameter affecting the productivity of the solar still. The objective
of this study is to enhance the thermal performance and productivity of single basin solar still
with integrated phase change material. The important parameters affecting the performance of
the still are analyzed theoretically. Effect of water depth in galvanized iron, aluminum and
copper basin still and effect of mass of PCM in solar still were investigated. It was found that the
productivity of still decreases with increase in water depth. The highest daily productivity of 1.39
kg/m2 was obtained when the depth of water was maintained at 10 mm.(8)
10.Objectives:
1. Develop experimental set up of double slope solar still with integration of thermal energy
storage.
2. Study the effect of thermal storage on the performance of solar distillation.
3. Improve the efficiency and productivity of solar still by inintegrating thermal energy storage.
4.To design and Fabricate solar still
5. A solar still is a simple device which can be used toconvert saline, brackish waterinto
drinking water.
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12. Methodology:
1. Study the existing literature in connection with, use of different techniques (latent energy
storage) which helps to improve performance of solar still.
2. Study of different techniques which improve the efficiency of solar stills in earlier
experimental setups.
3. Make comparative experimental set up including one or more energy efficient techniques
compared to earlier experimental setup it will help to improve efficiency of Solar Still.
4. To conduct trial on experimental setup which is fabricated which involves different techniques
to improve efficiency of solar still.
5. Study properties of water.
13.Approximate Expenditures:
Cost of this project is 15000/-
14.Reference:
[1] Mohammed Farid and Faik Hamad (1993), performance of single basin solar still, renewable
energy vol-3, pp-75-73, 1993.
[2] Singh et al., (1995), optimization of orientation for high yield solar sill, energy conservation
magazine vol 3, 1995.
[3] A.A. El-Sebaii, S. Aboul-Enein, E. El-Bialy, Single basin solar still with ba.e suspended
absorber, Energy Conversion & Management 41 (2000) 661-675.
[4] M.E. El-Swify, M.Z. Metias, Performance of double exposure solar still, Renewable Energy
26 (2002) 531–547.
[5] Hiroshi Tanaka, YasuhitoNakatake, Improvement of the tilted wick solar still by using a flat
plate reflector, Desalination 216 (2007) 139–146.
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[6]B. Selva Kumar, Sanjay Kumar, R. Jayaprakash, Performance analysis of a “V” type solar still
using a charcoal absorber and a boosting mirror B., D esalination 229 (2008) 217–230, Elsevier.
[7]Bharat Kumar Patil, Sanjay Dambal, Design and Experimental Performance Analysis of Solar
Still Using Phase Changing Materials and Sensible Heat Elements, IJRMET Vol. 6, Issue 2, May
- Oct 2016.
[8] B.N. Subramanianand P. Chandrasekara, A Novel Method of Enhancing the Productivity and
Efficiency of Solar Still – An Experimental Study, I J C T A, 9(37) 2016, pp. 545-553.
Submitted by:
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