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3. Using scientific procedures to test whether watching violent movies increases the
frequency of emotionally upsetting dreams best illustrates
A) functionalism.
B) Freudian psychology.
C) an empirical approach.
D) positive psychology.
4. Abigail is pregnant. Her friend has told her that she is able to predict the sex and birth
date of a baby, including her baby. How might Abigail test this claim?
A) She can use introspection.
B) She can use critical thinking.
C) She can use the empirical approach.
D) She can use the biopsychosocial approach.
6. One of psychology's early mottos was “the rat is always right.” Which aspect of the
scientific attitude did this represent?
A) humility
B) respect for animals
Page 1
C) curiosity
D) skepticism
Page 2
7. Three key attitudes of scientific inquiry are
A) pride, enthusiasm, and ingenuity.
B) ingenuity, practicality, and certainty.
C) certainty, creativity, and curiosity.
D) curiosity, skepticism, and humility.
8. Rodesia insists that Dr. Phillips' theory of aggression be checked against observable
evidence. She is demonstrating the scientific attitude of
A) pride.
B) skepticism.
C) practicality.
D) enthusiasm.
10. The type of thinking that examines assumptions, appraises the source, discerns hidden
biases, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions is called
A) critical thinking.
B) introspection.
C) speculation.
D) emergent thinking.
11. Checking on the credibility of the sources of information you use in a class report is
most indicative of
A) a biopsychosocial approach.
B) critical thinking.
C) introspection.
D) functionalism.
12. Reasoning that does not blindly accept available arguments and conclusions illustrates
A) introspection.
B) critical thinking.
C) the psychodynamic perspective.
D) an empirical approach.
Page 3
13. Critical thinking most clearly involves
A) a biopsychosocial approach.
B) introspection.
C) evaluating evidence.
D) the psychodynamic perspective.
14. A questioning attitude regarding psychologists' assumptions and hidden values best
illustrates
A) behaviorism.
B) critical thinking.
C) introspection.
D) Freudian psychology.
15. Melinda expressed concerns as to whether the wording of the questions in a life
satisfaction survey may have encouraged respondents to convey unusually positive
levels of well-being. Melinda's concerns best illustrated
A) introspection.
B) an empirical approach.
C) critical thinking.
D) the neuroscience perspective.
16. Marissa recently attended a lecture on supernatural phenomena, at which the speaker
explained how the locations of planets and stars at one's birth determine the person's
personality and life course. Marissa is not convinced that this information is accurate
and so she is quite skeptical. She has concluded that the assumptions and conclusions of
this statement are faulty, that the speaker is biased and lacks credibility, and that there is
minimal evidence to support this claim. Marissa has engaged in
A) critical thinking.
B) introspection
C) speculation.
D) emergent thinking.
17. Questioning whether conclusions are warranted by the existing evidence best illustrates
A) critical thinking.
B) functionalism.
C) the biopsychosocial approach.
D) introspection.
Page 4
18. When you question the claim that hypnosis helps people to recall memories more
accurately, you are most clearly demonstrating
A) introspection.
B) the neuroscience perspective.
C) an empirical approach.
D) critical thinking.
19. Who speculated that a meal makes us sleepy by causing gas and heat to collect around
our heart?
A) Aristotle
B) Plato
C) Skinner
D) Darwin
23. The birth of psychology is often attributed to Wilhelm Wundt because he pioneered the
nivestigation of mental processes using
A) a biopsychosocial perspective.
B) an evolutionary perspective.
C) positive psychology.
D) scientific methods.
Page 5
24. E
dward Titchener and others attempted to reveal the basic elements of the mind by
asking people to look inward. They were using a method known as
A) functionalism.
B) empiricism.
C) introspection.
D) conditioning.
26. Introspection was the basic research tool used by _ in order to study people's
inner sensations and mental images.
A) John B. Watson
B) Charles Darwin
C) Edward Titchener
D) B. F. Skinner
27. Looking inward and reporting your immediate sensations, images, and feelings is called
A) cognitive neuroscience.
B) introspection.
C) behaviorism.
D) humanistic psychology.
28. Research participants are asked to monitor and report their own immediate sensory
reactions to differently colored objects. This research involves a technique known as
A) behavior genetics.
B) psychoanalysis.
C) behaviorism.
D) introspection.
Page 6
30. Edward Titchener is to structuralism as William James is to
A) behaviorism.
B) humanistic psychology.
C) cognitive neuroscience.
D) functionalism.
32. Which early psychologist aimed to study the evolved functions of our thoughts and
feelings?
A) Edward Bradford Titchener
B) William James
C) Charles Darwin
D) Wilhelm Wundt
34. Which theorist most clearly influenced William James' efforts to understand the
adaptive functions of thinking and consciousness?
A) John B. Watson
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Carl Rogers
D) Charles Darwin
35. Who was the American philosopher-psychologist who authored a textbook in 1890 for
the emerging discipline of psychology?
A) Wilhelm Wundt
B) John B. Watson
C) Sigmund Freud
D) William James
Page 7
36. The psychology textbook that William James authored was titled
A) The New Science.
B) Psychology.
C) Principles of Psychology.
D) The Abstract Mind.
37. Who was a student of William James and the first female president of the American
Psychological Association?
A) Jean Piaget
B) Margaret Floy Washburn
C) Rosalie Rayner
D) Mary Whiton Calkins
38. Which woman psychologist was the first to officially earn a doctorate degree?
A) Margaret Floy Washburn
B) Mary Whiton Calkins
C) Anna Freud
D) Marla Wundt
39. Between 1997 and 2017 women were elected presidents of the Association
for Psychological Science.
A) 5 of the 10
B) 1 of the 20
C) 10 of the 10
D) 10 of the 20
40. Which of the following people is most likely to earn a doctorate degree in psychology
today?
A) Samantha, who is from the United States
B) Brandon, who is from Canada
C) Margo, who is from Mexico
D) Steven, who is from Europe
41. Early psychologists such as Wilhelm Wundt and William James focused on the study of
A) mental processes.
B) clinical psychology.
C) unconscious motives.
D) conditioned responses.
Page 8
42. Beginning in the 1920s, American psychologists such as John B. Watson emphasized
the study of
A) genetic influences.
B) self-esteem.
C) conscious thoughts and feelings.
D) observable behavior.
43. The view that psychology should be an objective science that studies observable human
activity without reference to mental processes is known as
A) behaviorism.
B) cognitive neuroscience.
C) humanistic psychology.
D) positive psychology.
45. Observing and recording people's behavior as they are conditioned was of most central
interest to
A) Freudian psychology.
B) humanistic psychology.
C) behaviorism.
D) structuralism.
46. Jill is observing how children react to being pushed by other children while playing in
the school yard. Which psychological perspective is she likely applying to her research?
A) behaviorism
B) Freudian psychology
C) humanistic psychology
D) cognitive psychology
47. Early behaviorists such as John B. Watson would have considered the introspective
study of self-esteem to be
A) applied research.
B) a positive psychology.
C) an unscientific method.
D) a biopsychosocial approach.
Page 9
48. Which of the following is a conditioned behavior that can be observed?
A) anxiety
B) intelligence
C) depression
D) crying
51. Sherry is often overly generous in sacrificing her time to help others. Her friend
suggests that by keeping busy in this way Sherry avoids confronting her own
unconscious conflicts. Her friend's suggestion illustrates the type of explanation that is
most typical of
A) evolutionary psychology.
B) cognitive neuroscience.
C) structuralism.
D) Freudian psychology.
52. Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow promoted a historically significant approach known
as
A) behaviorism.
B) humanistic psychology.
C) cognitive neuroscience.
D) behavior genetics.
Page 10
54. Beginning in the 1960s, psychological science returned to its earlier interest in mental
processes. This movement was inspired by the
A) emergence of community psychology.
B) push for a positive psychology.
C) cognitive revolution.
D) free love movement.
55. In the 1960s, the cognitive revolution in psychology involved a renewal of interest in
the scientific study of
A) mental processes.
B) hereditary influences.
C) unconscious motives.
D) learned behaviors.
56. The scientific study of mental activities associated with perceiving, processing, and
emembering
r information is most central to
A) clinical psychology.
B) humanistic psychology.
C) evolutionary psychology.
D) cognitive psychology.
Page 11
59. T
he branch of psychology that can be considered a marriage between the science of the
mind and the science of the brain is called
A) behaviorism.
B) Freudian psychology.
C) neuroscience.
D) cognitive neuroscience.
61. Professor Jones is examining the impact of parental divorce on adult children's attitudes
regarding romantic relationships. The attitude regarding romantic relationships can be
considered a(n)
A) behavior.
B) action.
C) mental process.
D) conclusion.
63. T
he young science of psychology developed from the more established fields of
p
hilosophy and
A) economics.
B) biology.
C) geography.
D) sociology.
Page 12
65. One of the last century's most influential observers of children was the Swiss biologist
A) Edward Bradford Titchener.
B) Margaret Floy Washburn.
C) William James.
D) Jean Piaget.
67. The nature–nurture issue refers to the debate over the relative contributions that
make to the development of psychological traits.
A) introspection and nerve cell activity
B) unconscious and conscious motives
C) behavior and mental processes
D) genes and experience
69. Efforts to discover whether the intelligence of children is more heavily influenced by
their biology or their home environments are most directly relevant to the debate
regarding
A) structuralism and functionalism.
B) conscious and unconscious thought.
C) observation and introspection.
D) nature and nurture.
Page 13
70. Lissette wonders whether personality differences between her friends who recently
moved from Nigeria and those who moved from Thailand result primarily from
biological influences or from cultural influences. In this instance, Lissette is primarily
concerned with the relative contributions of
A) neuroscience and cognition.
B) nature and nurture.
C) behavior and mental processes.
D) conscious and unconscious thoughts.
71. Plato's assumption that we inherit character and intelligence is most directly relevant to
hte controversy regarding
A) conscious and unconscious thoughts.
B) observation and introspection.
C) nature and nurture.
D) basic and applied research.
72. In the context of debates over the origins of psychological traits, nature is to nurture as
A) Plato is to Aristotle.
B) Watson is to Skinner.
C) Aristotle is to Plato.
D) Skinner is to Watson.
73. Professor McClure believes that young children are frequently able to make morally
correct decisions because humans are endowed with an inborn knowledge of basic
ethical principles. The professor's belief is most consistent with the views of
A) Aristotle.
B) Plato.
C) John B. Watson.
D) B. F. Skinner.
Page 14
75. Who is best known for highlighting the reproductive advantages of environmentally
adaptive traits?
A) Plato
B) Aristotle
C) Edward Titchener
D) Charles Darwin
78. Natural selection refers to the principle that variations in that contribute to
reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.
A) learned habits
B) inherited traits
C) levels of analysis
D) cultural practices
79. Exploring how we humans are alike because of our common biology and evolutionary
history is the focus of
A) cognitive neuroscience.
B) community psychology.
C) behavior genetics.
D) evolutionary psychology.
80. Exploring how we humans are diverse because of our differing genes and environments
si the focus of
A) behavior genetics.
B) cognitive psychology.
C) evolutionary psychology.
D) humanistic psychology.
Page 15
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The Project Gutenberg eBook of Dyre Rein:
Kertomus isoisän isän talosta
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States
and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no
restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it
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you are located before using this eBook.
Language: Finnish
DYRE REIN
Kertomus isoisän isän talosta
Kirj.
JONAS LIE
Norjankielestä suomentanut
Anton Helve
Helsingissä, Suomal. Kirjallis. Seuran Kirjap. Osakeyhtiö, 1907.
SISÄLLYS:
I. Lepokuva.
II. Dyre Aakisen Rein.
III. Syksy.
IV. Joulu.
V. Tuomari ja hänen rouvansa.
VI. Rein ja Merete.
Epiloogi. Kolmekymmentä vuotta myöhemmin.
I.
Lepokuva.
"Nyt et taaskaan sano mitään, Alida! Eikä hän suinkaan voi sille
mitään, että joku rakastuu häneen", jatkoi Merete kiivastuen.
"Hm-m —"
… "Ja että hän sitten antaa rukkaset, siihen kai hänellä lienee
lupa, tiedän mä."
"Mitä sitten, mitä; ole hyvä ja sano se… Sinä syytät aina
Mariannea!"
… "Tahi olinko minä ehkä häijympi kuin Marianne? Ethän kai voine
sitä sanoa… Ei, näes; mutta he tiesivät aina, missä minä olin
tavattavissa."
"En ole… Joka kerran, kun tänne on tullut joku, josta olen hiukan
pitänyt, on joku teistä toisista näyttänyt niin ihastuneelta. Ja silloin,
kiitos, — niinpä olen valmis…"
"Tyttärelläni oli häät eikä minua oltu kutsuttu", laski hän leikkiä
mennessään —
"Mutta katso, — katso vain Femiaa"… huusi hän äkkiä tälle ullakon
ikkunasta. — "Tuolla hän tulee huvimajasta pitkät nankinihansikkaat
kädessä. Hän on istunut siellä ja ommellut ne valmiiksi. Nyt tulee
hän kävelemään hansikkaat kädessä, kun 'peto' saapuu." [Naar
'Dyret' kommer = kun 'peto' saapuu. Sanaleikki Dyre Reinin nimestä.
Suoment. huom.]
"Femian näyttäisi pitävän saada lupa mennä Kristianiaan talveksi
översti Gjeddelle katsastamaan hiukan maailmaa", arveli Marianne
rauhallisella armollisella tavallaan.
"Kun hän nyt ei vain olisi liian pilattu", — sanoi hän sitten, siirtyen
aivan toiseen asiaan… "Tarkotan metsästystä!… Oltiinhan niin
välinpitämättömiä Arentz-raukasta. Ei hänestä tehty ainoatakaan
kysymystä niinä kahtena vuotena, jotka hän oli täällä. Mutta hän
katosikin tosiaan kuin arvoitus, — niin äkkiä — ja eri syyllä joka
päivä, mikä on samaa kuin ei mikään syy… Hän ei ollut erittäin
hauska hän; — mutta oikea työhevonen hän sen sijaan oli. Kunpa
nyt vain isä saisi hyvän apulaisen tästä uudesta!"…
"Kyllä; sano, Alida, että Marianne, jonka viikko nyt on, lähettää
sen", — vastasi rouva… "Merete, Merete", huusi hän sitten äkkiä,
"pari kanaa on tuolla tullut puutarhaan. Aja ne pian pois!"
"Kvigstad saa paljon aikaan yhdessä yössä, kun hän oikein panee
parastaan", — lohdutti rouva.
"Polttavan kuumaa!"
"Ei olisi ensi kertaa, että hän tekisi ihmeitä, Orning", — sanoi taas
rouva, syöden rauhallisesti voileipäänsä.
"Mutta isä, ethän ole syönyt mitään… Ehkä tahdot näitä voileipiä
— syltyn kera"… ehdotti Marianne, järjestellessään pöydällä olevia
astioita.
"Sitä juuri tahdoin kysyä sinulta, isä", — sanoi Alida, joka seisoalta
löi muutamia ääniä vanhan nuottilehden mukaan. — "Mitä sitten
tulee?… Tästä on kokonainen kulma reväisty pois."
"Niin, niin se on!" sanoi Alida. "Minusta tuntuu kuin tuntisin sen
niin hyvin; — olen kai kuullut sen hyvin pienenä ollessani."
"Olet kyllä; — se oli Falben aikaan, jolloin meillä oli kvartetti.
Soitamme sen tänä iltana viululla ja pianolla, sinä ja minä —"
"Niin, mistä minä tiedän, mikä se on, lapseni. — No, lähdetään nyt
katsomaan miltä malli kankaassasi näyttää, Eufemia…"
*****
Viimeinen auringonsäde oli sammunut erääseen suuren, harmaan
tuomarintalon yläkerroksen ikkunoista. Dian varjot lankesivat
mustina ja pitkinä rakennuksista ja heinäru'oista niitylle, kun
heinäväki tuli illalliselta kyökistä ja läksi menemään eri polkuja pitkin
kukin kotiinsa torppaansa.