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Mesh Analysis

The document discusses various aspects of mesh circuits, including their resistance and current characteristics. It highlights the importance of analyzing mesh currents for circuit design and troubleshooting. Additionally, it mentions the role of different circuit elements in influencing the overall performance of mesh circuits.

Uploaded by

bdata.57
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
4 views

Mesh Analysis

The document discusses various aspects of mesh circuits, including their resistance and current characteristics. It highlights the importance of analyzing mesh currents for circuit design and troubleshooting. Additionally, it mentions the role of different circuit elements in influencing the overall performance of mesh circuits.

Uploaded by

bdata.57
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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t tn
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anA. cr^..{en+s ar€- €eon\ Ci'r,'thl5
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oef'-Visn ' efhs{\
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S^rorn Ai\^e- E$l-
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il
P\o$sltq. Rrm
R,, R." Rrs
?znn
Rrr ?rr Re-g
Erc
Rgr Rgr- Rlr ":\ .
...
i

Rrnt
q** Rvo: t t.l
q-l slrcxon tn
bz ulTort't€n
4f^9- Tnesh bcljrs p6\'ru- el-..afion
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o" to x rn
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:o
tnc'rtirr- o\- otdul
tr) l I
[- = Mesh crrttent
m^St:L o} o"r@l tnx\
L *- tNts\alr$sSqrne-{or\a?L
rfi ?- \)utobox oY \neshas '
tnlrrnsabovee{Pato'qthe-e\ot{lon+SoF",-**T:"^":od'rir circrirt-'
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5

i*--\ution eF mesh e-urtents:'-


.f,n tha* meS\r bqSrs Tna{'r'rtr- ey.a\\on, 't\ll- of\llnoou a\re--
r\\nn- rnerh €.u'''fQoEr can \2€- ou\"'t noA
rnesh cuotenlFs tt , C["' t3 ' ' ' ' tvn '
q\a* "lnwrrse- otr resistonca loo*.'t\r'
b5 f'recnu\hifli*t {trs* a1^o',}ion , b5
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on pternu\\fli,\ bcrH^ sidol 123 {t *e qt\,
R-\ R-.t 1 gt e.
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u.t
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tnesh cutren\s' B
$\L eqf^al\onCg) g;ir\ be- +hL so\u$ron 'Fcr{ ra< dove\opeil
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c-onir|-e.fin1 .h\L egnt\on cl) .s"{ c.irur\L,
4 dt^e- ec1^o'\\on C3) cqn
be expon&A c\s
tho-cirrcu\L \'ra.s *vcree hnQshea
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o,{:., Pzr. *""\, o*\*LH,


I
I e"" r'v,a- e"{ a LR''
2
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B\qtY edurnn ot- {qrS}o'r'r-rrs}'hr- b1 $uevo\hf a\'run t*bitt

2-/
Ar:': DeheD6\iont b! qdUban.r molit'l*
aYhn;, .re4t*tnn1*t*$*fV
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v'rp't*
Co\'rt""u-

* bt soufta rro\\axr- cotr.rr"n


;';';;re._- fnq\,i
t\tl Ar =
ot- R"
LeY, A = Debc)roinar}
t-r, o6e q"trec' \o\'
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$.t*
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t^k- Ccrn ?Tor€- *hab +\e- elat\t-n ttD
as .lhat oP e4'\obrT"r,.O'tY''rl1 i
Herre ) Ar =
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\ trt Rcz- *o \
cdtrtnn toe E!'
On exqondlng Ar a\ong Fi'rst
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$ E+r Agt a
-- Lrr A.r rr Ezz Arr
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thtiouf Stepr t' oUr\o\n '$'s-3o\\r$\on
of
Cu.t,fenb \n a C."ttetir Y I

S\e1 t : Dnu''o +t/-L $rop\a oV t\"s- c-itcurt"


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F-. lzsnctnol"!" ^:o^::::).-*"":3;-
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g.^1pnls .tn,' a^{a grten ta3
i n&pendo'} ctr'ercr*s dl)
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: g, - L\ +\
rn o}
rag .tt.t q-i'{cuott a.nA qtf,ach
sin
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\
cr.{bi+\at5 Ai.cec-tr on .A'r.tzrcrnh
S*ep 4 : f,n .tu irven Cl rc""rt c hoose., y'ql't€en :'neSh tr
anA mesh Cu.rtentS, t*)Tot\a- 't\^l feLoi$on$.np
bronchcuqrtent,qreFatabls"t!$drltect\oorotrnesharrents
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Al'lecb\on chosenin-g,r,o*o.rientofion,
*hlnat\thgme-sh4urslents(rn/-.
q'\g$ants t'rl'rt\ be neSolile '
6\1 +t^0- esTn'ffion
e-lpalion 4\nsfection c^n^sdva
s*o? q ,. tion khr rn€sh bcls\s roor\r'
.TW meg\,r Ctrtter*: '

stepb..F"rotn.lr\^9-rcras\^rcunete#FsSo\rlatt^g-b-ranchetr.{tents',
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b5inil\"^* in *\^q c\tcuit' 't\rm t'Jg
v\o-ue-+o ss\ue-
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)--;':* : E-.
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ln = l.\rrnba'l og rnashes,
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Siven \
T. -- A,* E, + A'* E. +3gr Err.ry.-.++E-.
AA A
h\so, T*=*to,*Ei\
= co Faetlor cf Vr-
t'olo,o
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C-f
?
'-r\L br€s\n o.no\rpis e-grn \ze- qnkndrA 4o c-\^rc*ils enci+eA
'\ boH lJo\tap P cr-r..trenF 3orttceA , tt.1 suc}^. Crrcu\ts i! eoo\
Cr,r.crent €suarce !'rqE o\ gota\le\ 'rrngcdance* .\\t.ln \hLT ao\n ba-
Congrted,. *o o..n ery^rvo\or,l Uo\tor13- go\^rf cr- t.^)i t\" -sclrie-s i "npeaao.t.
effptt 4onve'fs\on .t\,.g- er^rc,irt torr\ harrc- on\g Vo\taXc- sorrrcel anA'
Sb ilrg-- p.roce-A$r€- .S"r s,b;olrn'rng mesh borirs mor\ir r arya\iso Utg
inslecfi**t anA its So\uYion Aisc-ugs.eA in secbi'o b4.no-, Co{^ bc-
Airec}\5 crgg\ieA +t, t\nl.so- ci'tcults '
tn eerr.urn Cr"{c.^ils arirteA f1 bo\h rJo\'\a1p- t Ctrttenh
Sorrtco, .tln! e-11clQnlr Sowree- TnaS \\ofr
houq a
pwra'\\e\ impaAarxe'

"trn hhis srb,^olrron +1^L c-u'rtenlF


so\r.rr@ ao"nncfr bq- conuc'[ft€a 'lp
rrs
, .\tni s C-csa- 't\"a rla\ue- o$ eqch eu{Tqn }r SourcQ
ffo\\aXf- Souoee $-n
reu^+eA +E FftaSh Cwttqr*S and onq o$ '\il'- Tncsh Cu-.Qnt ean
cu'{rer* F o+ttor tnesh 3g11eDtS'
be- artgressc-A in -lerrn oP Sou'sce
.Th'- .rem^,n\n1 T^qsh 411'51onr\s 4an ba so\ved' b5 w'r"r\\n1 tsirehc'H\
\b\\uof-- \aQ e-1 o$on'r
F\\ern^n*t5, N rne\h boss tna\t\tr- eT^qtio:
^"ott "
R.tr^of.J$recb\Sbginspac\\rcn,b3*a€rn1+1^Lvo\taXp-oQ-tl!.lctl'6'{qr'f
t^n\s-\o\Po i.."a' +\^a vo\t^t o\- eath cqt'rer*
Sou.tee) a.s "tft*"t1 9ni' meAh
.R.,r'goCl,^. 41tryt'{Qnrh SoUCCC-
SoU.r€-Ar., Wre-S\r CWr"tsrr\S , \\e.Sa
a6e'sh rur't{6rt in }eovns
eu.{rcrrt is elirnirn\eA b5 e.*pte:s\n5 +t^a-
Og .tt^g- SoUffCe- Cu{'{ent arnA
o'th.'{ wresh eu'{'fen}S ' tOtanr\e htf"il'q
€qf\o$of.t , tl^a- {o\tajp l!;arlo$ +t^e Crrarent
t-\rr*merh bosig mo't"ir* rnattir- '
So\r.rce-s shoi^U\ bQ- eot\crei in 'n"L -s'Duefca mesh ac^r{qot3 *'r', b€-
$o.,c icr {tQ *f'$; Eoqe-
'"4;:
e.llrninofreAandr.errAtY\e^!nb€.foBqq\arburrSgugfc€-vottoqer.oiuuc.-
rT

inlroA.rcod , \.^f *t\e- n rrnber{ oF untnsong c^jrr\ ternoirn


Sqaa- cDS. nwntees/ o $ he-a\^eE '" vd', on rn*tlrp\5\ tl.q mesh Uouirs
**" r\urnlaarr oF cqlt^o*\ions \^lhieh e'an
vrtortr-tc- eyoficn $e. Tt bq
so\ve\ +o X\ve- a udqpe- so\trliert +o6 unbnoron crrrlents '

rr-c'r!A .r=g
e4l-- 3^3+.stl @
.Soudces
S.JWrql- :-
I
,t\r-r.----f
% a.o\pis can b4' ext€ndqJ'-* :::"-
"^csh
e*.ci\eArosbottlndqandoftFMf"ndontSorr.ece.s.r,r.]lroho.circ.i't
has dqendrn+ sou'{ce, Y
.tnhi\e-
TT*,Xi"t".y;- :J3*
+o in€sh €o"rrn\
rrerl"tjl
mes\r UcaS\S
.tteorta.A as :':;;."
alon\\oo ' \.}r tn *sotnl-
.: . - -rji6 &oend- 6n a, {o\tegp
f,fo'dlLvand'oftssrcrc€-&lend'ona'{o\teqp\}t
U: w e*gcesseA
thgn '$.e- vo\p d.rn^
pq.{F o} o\ d"rc^r\b -::""t^
d*Y-?*:
s+ ::T:
In tet6n^s oP tnc,rh
crrcr'{Qnfs '
.Ly. in Sornn- pa'tt o$ a
^ irscdrt *uon '\hl-
crr$c{\*S '
on a ",^on** ape3s€A in *atrns oP mesh
cu'51pf,lt T* shou\il ;

citc,irbs t^rit^, fopenaon| l"g[ "Jg *'^.,.""''{n"rn


$or\f-
ffi ffi*:G"aonr
\n gerr.{ce- {e'svnr oF \'o€-sh
eudren+s '
oF *lq-
€t1.re-ss +hL tb\ue- mohfr+ *tTFs{\ z er$a* '\1^4- rla\'re-
.h^e* mesh laairs 'oi1*olniotr- \ocp'\ion \n
cdhi\e _scming o\- att .\h0-
'*^g-
so\rr{ce
0$ &poc,dort- hqnA sldr'
66 '\ho- "s15vt
.sou{ce ,,"o+nin- .roor\rir **.
qnA so 'lloj
t.}ooSotrtQoFtlno-ta"l'nsinnbo_Soq(|ce.roor\rilond-lno-
oF rrresh cu..tor*s
r\Xvrt r^und. J* vit\ ;- P*"':v\"t
eotn\2Q-t{otfisgq-<teA+.\qp1]han.O.sial.*,".1$no9pos.*e-s15l.cn^t.^
n\^I-rrreshleaslrsmqh^ri--TryYe-anvQ-so\reLlaSusin5 qn
rlln'r\ t s exflainoA ha{e- 'r'ne*n
e.so.r.re-*\ ^rq\es , ftoc.aarrre-
*tvtt
t
Cons\aosrc-inrcofib ulitrtn fin'ree- rnea'hnr ond q
a ;'
d\sndlnb rl o\Qr- 3q1.ne iv1 rnesh - e. L€h $* vnesh u^i.
mohrir_*1^ot'o'n ttrit\noub considoriog .ttru- dofen&ol- tloTtlr-
SeA.r?tc€- Ve t
shqPn'tn eorolioo '
;R* tr' *'utl f.,l tqil
:" :;il LI]=lil
t|.o_ Vo.\re- ot- dlpcn&rt 3ou'tte in rnesh - d , tDhon Arg{esat

be- " AAr - trI;' , Lettho- Vo\toqp-


in -totnc. oC yqesh C-trcter*s
i*- is a 'rise-in lstftgp-orn'lhr
oT &pendon* sourrcebe such *hqy
d,.ortection o$ rnesh Cuqtcr*
!-2. t\ence- +\L rlo,\ue- oB &penaonL
gou.rcp- " ATr - 9-as' is qddaA dt a posifi're- n""t\
$o 'tt"o-
tno'iril'- a's s\uirrin
elgmont in .tho, se-conA Too) oe *otn"J
- I
€5fo'\166 ' E't
[g,. e,"l [ ",-l f
Rrr
\ *' Rzz o". \ \ $" I = \c'z
tsaEr-
"1
b, Rrr Rel L"J L Err
Fto- TocrJ- L oF e1'^^Hoo' waSeb'
Eaz't atr -213.
t", tt .t 3zr-So- f Rgg tg =
Ezz'
ltr f €rt$a-+Rrr Ss t ?.ts =
R>rTr -
[t *9*fL+ (?*+e) sg =o Fzz '
.-. CPzr -a)
4
.t\rq ert.-fi"., e^an be- r,.)"fl{tt€J\ '

H::-l_
Rsr Rgr ersJ L--:l
rlt^e*
;;1
\ll=[l
.ta'{i^t e\ 2 -- l9r on $r'o- orilr"U tt*n}' siar 4rva--
t i,,

''. FunClioY\ otr rn€sll err$'s€nAs T1 p % 'tre.tP€c+l*\$ ..$ra


L- -
e1o,H on qbovc-- "!tne-re- .|oo +a$vos acc€- +oarrs€eclrreA *o .tsg+"'i;rril

siar_ wirrh oggosi+e sign, \)u,r q\"'.rs et,.q$.yer <aa gq-3s\seL tag
C.corrneqrfr 1u\a.

c'rtori\r. -j\fptg\:{X\ ::}3d , Sou{ce- *


a_..--^ q\^o^
ffi if,"** har &yen&nt cucfre$\-
r'tetrns OP mes\n Cu'ctcn{s
gourf(3- in '
Arvnfe-gs +hr- $a\ue o$'tlnl! \ mleAa.'cc- lt^!rt' i k
et-rrtent sorrrca h^s porre\\e\
lLF o^r._ Aryenaact
*rv1
as exp\drw[
ca(\b€-aglnrnrrteA+9o\Aelondmtl)s\tary_sa^,\cfca.pie*'se"s{es
.tmlo-Aar.'ce- o.nA .t*\L ana\o,is cqY'\ b€- 1^soeeeaoA

d'oes not \'rar'e- A


drjeodoot cu'tra'n\
tr*uio"r 'sotrcsca-
,|fm it ecnnot be- c-onreor\e\
do rr\\ay
p.^to\\e\ \tnqcAo'nce- :ho'.' fn\rre ots sq'f"fcnt gor*rce- "\r ^'16\.d
So\l.,6e-. tn if^.ir Co\'a '\\^9-
.'q'T**t:ffi:
tDTneshCtrrrrcrrts,\\$.fl8o"(eaa}l.cuatentsoqat'e.oT\LnQ.sh
e*p*+'s\n1
cr^cf.{eny'rr e\onmonrat a. u5 -o
on ",ttt t ' nh0;t"ts\s
Ynq\d :l
ana, o-+t^rr{ me-sv.\
of sorrct_e_ cu.rrent orrxpec$r on, b3 -\olc-\ $o\ta1*acffor'!
a",. ba_ .gnr*a bb
e_1pa$cn rocr\
cu"srcot seufrcc- d,s tlnh-ncpo. o-'t'r\c- €-o'ot'--lrn.
.t\9_ &?€n4onrr ertr c'eatcnttr t*^:* slnou\A
-{h- rlo\p
bOrSls ma\.e'rt erayna\ion
tno*qit'
be- an\crtaA \n {\t..s* so\.lcfca-
' 'rn dy.g- tno\'ti t* e1^o$orr gong= rnesh cT tsonts rjrt\
\)g,rp
ey'e Tkrtob.f{ oF"
trntsnoofl sorrcccc- r}otk'*
v,L aaa.
otr untnoons toit\ 'oqrnair\
a1i*,,'lnolrreA
ufif ua- \ntreod"rcqA' '$"J t\ln'rmbery
*Ytl"' o(\ mu\\iilsit3 +t^Lmegh
lat.l* ag nu'rnbq{ os m€-3has
.^,e- olr-+ 'v'n" nqhbe* eF eryo'bions
bas.r s toa.hi,:r-- a1'.obion g"lu$un *".(
tDWc\n e-An be- so\rrcA +o 1i're- a u..ni1fe-
Un l&nqrJn e-uns'{en \s' ,
lt\g- errn'rerrts i n.radtous lzlonclaer eF tt^'r-
*r
sO\Va
Ci rc.irt Sho.,rn in Fit, h5 wresh o"'o\5o:''s '
g\^?*
q- E/L- .Ln-,

6 -bryrnc^4, ,
J -Y1od.l|
: ! -$t\
-S'' G
2tl\,
$t.
b.rt-
4
an€$^ =.6-4tt\ =3,
nq4h ent^a*on Rt rnesh -t.\,
'D 5Ir +gtr +4\ a Eo * 3Ar +4Se,
4 \Lt-\ - llb - 4!t-s e- 9o --O
E r tnelh -?,
3tf +a$a+btr+1o -- t31tr
-3Al+ l\t'r = -lo €
(D'
4
Vtry r'nth- 3,
4$s*3ltg - lo*41-1 \Iq -3f,r *4sg = 9o
-
4tr t\afs = ao -3tr att$l- = -.aD
-4[r +\t8g u- Ao,
* &"rtn is,
"a"t!..Q-rgHr
fI-grl\r- -3 -illt=H
f--^ o
Y-tf Rro- Rg
e"l Ru_ gqb
Rsr-
+
Ru=trt = -3 F-rt =9o
=t{
. 4t r -- 5+3+A
\ Gar : -2o
\l\etr--ett -- -4
Rrr -- 3+t t b -- \
o \ ezg -- lo
= \l
--
Lgl -- 4+t \tt --(Lr,r-

H 1ilH=H
-e
4 A=\: rtI -A:\ol = "[*n-{
F
-(t f-s'"'-o!
o ,ol -[+.'!]
rf-^f-3.o-L+' :ilLs'o
-- \LLt"{ *tL-E - 4 bl
: t584 - 1og -t'lb

A'l--l? -J\ *-*L' t"'">]+[+ Lo - r'*O


;i t"\
7
x \rl +' G

o , oeA
--'lao + 8to
-
7 bOoo
.br go -4L3 ',,D -G*"-4
=
\tt
Av= \ -t
qo
i\ =, {-eo*'D - =o [r**]
+ V;@
-aD
\-a Ao t'l @t5b
'1' \BOo
t f' -4-^l'D
--nl.Sto
= -520'
Av= ;l :;\ = \r(.r> ^eo) - G3 Gr*ro -Q4*--n
\: t> -l- +PLo-C-**"il

= lu4o -Erf
+lloD

= 4q2D,
t\: Ar: SrEo i .L e,
A t9o =
{-;1= Ay,- .*52
A \ 904 - *O,4 e

A.g r Ar. = 44zn a 3'4 S'n?g,


L 3oD t

\^)Q- Ca"\ c\!3urnl Jrq- *.oto"Yl, T",fu,[c, t{,f€,tA

1o= [.-r = ?'^ 9YnPJ,


t> = fr+tr --_6 '.1+ o'A I $'6 S.
I+ -t3 =9'2 -9.'4 L I'g ''
=- i-t
fa = fl = O'\ B'
Te
f-g -- cg c. 9,4 olt\?$,

2etq"{
-'-
h:r o
qtrsrrenht 't 6 {arr\ouf e-\srr..sr*s o Q- .ft^e->'.r"aY
QeltOrrrilng- +"l.
irrcuit Sho.,cn in t\5,
DY !^t$.. ll,
Sr + \\--E+ l$u# lts,
] ",*r
3tr *fL -T-3 z9'
i

t
# Azl \fz*152:5+Ir*llg,''
F

\
\^oth -1 ,

-Ar t3tr -fl, =g ,


\.
r:'
I !g + \ Sg + ITE'- \b +sr tta-.^
) - tr *qa- +3fg =\o
ms,\qfi*r
t- q'l

l, l\ \l\ =\il
\l
11 -l
-'fi+{
^1jI-l\='p*-r*''

A'--\ Zi :l \--efu-i *\L' ; +t{ .-, Lt -t{


\to -\ 3l=;-g.e+
e9

=
loo, Lro+{
a"= ).3 -s [r;l
;tD:,1ll : r f's+'ol ,-5 -\!'€-S
l-, r*g-
15l-ao+*!
=
: €l \oo.

Ar=\:,-j ?\ =3[ro*{* 'f,o-{ -eL.'] i*\

l-, ; to\
+').o
: \'.: "
4 ar=+= f :6.111
fi_- 4.r- lpo,= b,,u g,
,&lb
I

; tgo-+=-12'.:'r.FD.
I

^-F
) fa- L = 6.ats,
2v =flY =6'2s D'
9d : 53 -- 1.9 q,
fP = [r -fi = 6'1t -'l*;
f c : [r-s-l :- 6'1t-t'Ds =o o'
[q :€-r*[g :t.lt-?,t = -l'29 E.

* So\rre {\^c- rne-sh ctrerrcnts shoorr'tn $\5 ,

Ae, Zrv t>g.t- S:**


}.4= 5-3t\ = L.
*\ reTl
-'- 4P G
15+

\; aLil\}=Eil
rRrr 1.+A

Qtt=4+b+5--\5lR,r=tst=o \ t'"=
o

rs] >q+t--l \*o=*=1 \ Etr=-\o

F 1ALil=I il
5
\*: a=[11 ?- u (r:*r -C.+f +lfrt-\*ob d
: 40o - \lL lFo
z 3ge

lzs -+ o\_l -
Ar> rf -; rsfrxr -ts] +4 @-s{ +' &+*n
\:, -5 \-
n- looo 7oo = \too

At- e-5
*- tlol{-t +oft"d
Lts"{
\i o
-\D ?\
- 3oo f'loo = 4Oo

-_{
As=
-4
15
"J\ =b 1'* ^\o -1.-L' d+rslo
\t -5 -,o \
-- ^ loo hlbo
tSoo

T-\> Ar .\ 0oo = 4,Bq Arnp:.


) A 36s

te= AL = .,4oo : l,o8bqbg\PJ'


A 3bs
f,3: AL h -24o
368

4 $$. ? $r a 4'8q
-'
OnPs,

'- gbqg Arn?'


C.u z T-r l'o '
fc
3'Bo3 Drnls'
I -- AA : s', - tL = 4'Qq - l'oBbQb =
t tq F- $e-;Tt c- 'r0tb\b +o'692u '=l '19Q16'
-\{
1

P%"+*trrr- .t\^.1
rlo$a1r E. .olilqtn €aurcl t\^L Ou\cf\Sen+ l. ,
*
TI +o Vlc- 7e4o ,&"r t\r.l drtt1r\t g\,sn:rt ,n Q{9,

6-,* $r.o.,\,
Ara Ar --o
A
? *rL-f*'
f: X;-ffiu.:1E
'..So
At
of E, u-- &6 'tit..rtn
*t^.1 flcftaa i\

+tn!- rne^rh bqs",,, envnolr{cr- ..,^a.t' or1 ,{\n'n.Rrrtn'h^t ltCtOrr"drronh.


A, and. elpn\e- dt,..L Aetc"$rilnqnt +o z-a?t\>,
f R,, 4-rz er-l Il1:1 f t',J
Rr-r **t \\ c.\ = \ l'{
\ Ra-r
L R,L' Ry- -rJ LqJ lr:'.)
\ trt =)-o-E
4'' Q., =6+e+E=\3\**=?+t=-l\
5.\
--] \:"_:"1
Rzr- = 1+b+r
Rgg =5+\+4 =lo $zs=RrL='
T =:
A= \: -i ::\:\e@o-)trLro-fl-tb*.1
l-; -\ to\. *s', -eo -L't
-=*]1l,.n*
N#^^1

Ar = \ lo-e ^l :\:6,-E)F"-\+**{^5F
-"{
I I l, ;: \=&q-e) ee + ?-E + 4sE
;';tl;:;:'*4s€
Ar:O'
4 \'rso -::.
r:rr" ',

e =\'18o. - 4l..5Et rlo\S.


4L *==#*'

nec"c\'r.re c'wc.itl
otn oT .Wc- irrrurt i n t"\3
Btua .\1^o- a,r*ftrl1s tonfto*, ltonc\es
Yoe,$^ otto'\$tts' E-n- ISJL Se A t> s--4Jl-
b
to: T-\)tl
toolf v ,
=9-3+\ 1 1

f ='. ztc- zul


773
\ =" "e2
f-2", 7vv
I
zt"J Lil=EI
Zr S+ 1s +1 --l+is Zv]-rr-- - l- E* : roo li
=
ztr
2st
L o \- r+)ek ul)C&-\D- [ie^\E]tsolo-]
r+)5 -
A=
(-)'-l -z sir i"f
1
+o
+
'o
' : _jh:t::Hlu;*4d*Lu
l9r. -. .lto
-5lbs*J*$+lro - -.
I
24t\5
:=k*o.++ibr+ 3{g+ib,e"
A,:\1oo -t o1
\ o s-ln' lz\
L' )L 6id
= too @-ia-to'ir) - ,"1*1k]
*olo
-)
-- lou f1u J14 r'b

z 36oo -) e+*
Lt = ':" ;"1 -- nr\s'Fol-tooft2c6ra -fl+'
\"llt o 6-)lJ=
Lo -rool-re+i+]
: \aoo -J e"u
AS=LT g -L \ odl
-r+\s["{ +^L{ +r"f\4 +f
srr
ir ;-\=
-\ 4to
frs- A- 36oojJt4ou - 4|''2b,6& ,ao'6g
a 34t +i eoro ffi3,2s
g4E .9'14

,1.olzs /-jt,tr',S
I - lrc

f-r *- -Az = \ Aoo -J- \oo = I lS4 'q\1^ 4U::


^- '

A 1+e +i lo 34E.514 lB
: 5,61 tB 1- 2\ 'rlq'' S
a
,f,-3 )4oo : 4oo b : s bAz'zt', *?,
= -b =
L 34r+) ro 3+e.q-14 I-?3
-i \.t+1
6
qrn
r5o : (J:r = \9. , 4125 ,ll -16 '

5> =rfr- s 3' 6 28t


I -ft'lrtf

Sg a 9.1 \ '\ {'ns /=qs 'tt'


=-
te > fr -Su
3 ' 6ats J-4"t5'
t l' 4l1s /*'*'
= j)
n.qrl -\r ' 4b5
? Q'uttg 1'3a'lr)
=
*)
-- g,5451 b ' \224
>- i,9b z\ I-^g',oq ,
14'16 l-4t""*'
S€- - Qr -$'1 -- 9'61g6'/-11'trt t 1'

1'342b - Go'ob5-7
9+ tn9
=?,3'1,g-!
o ' \qJ
= 3,43"7 -i
= 9r*42-b l-3'^8"

::gy\?5\A:i- ^ia
qre -vail^s&tc,i,b
olrrh

*,fu..rn'rn
11^
_*".-:ti
h1, b5
'x:
oglis' vnesh
+ h ^L*
lT\,-LArrecl\on o0 *r{'
, \*_ d'L f# 3,-,fr!l.l-
rnesh eu.rt$ 20{
:*
\s$ (Dq , an.-, F ru
€hs3sn a.ruiftorilg. irl
.f-- , I l

te-.re- or\t oF.ttnl- rn€Jh ?t 1

'{.nt fD S C64€nt Sour{cg roVrrcl^r Con no'} Uo- Conrtcz'rleA Ab


r..
{o\\q1a So\rcrce-, be-c-otls€- df^c* Sorr.rca Aoef no+ ho.vc- pocr'at\e)
: tri
i
i*i1aa"ncc- . t\cneg- r^te- ean *qpa 'lfA"\s Crr:rcants qg cr. -
;.
1d.ftour6 \nncsh Ctratarfi, Du.t .$^e- $o\loof- o,e"ross .l\^[ Ssr.r.sce-

Er 'rS UnLvuvo0.q\A$fe&r$ai ftl!- n\.$rnbarY elP trnt-rnuqA .f,cnrfrtr


as .Fwce &) unLnouu$ aTQ- Er , .Iu I Sr . ar$ b ta€- canv:nfr$<-
dtnoe-e- uer\r equsirsq UAltS Lrx- anA o\ .^"in-r4"a So\u\iotr \
eAr-*-r-P\nlil
!5 S"brn1 d\r Alrree- cof"'t"t v{ S,.ono$t"n sS b^e\
€or"'t'roru tj5 inqae\sn-

fe. (R' q,;[ [ ".-1 f E'l


\n'r Qr- "-l \rL\=\ Et"\
[3.' Q* R3t\ L"'l Lertj
R,, >4++=B\Arr-Rrr?-?*\* --L' \ t,L\o.
{.p =4*e*1=rt\ts:9qr = o \f" z$ro \
R.g -- t+4 --5 [**r=R " e-\ Ieo--
lo-lo:tu \

A= \t -4
tD : \= sGo -D+4 Clo{ +olo
\-+ -l 5\.- gq2 -tD = g\1,
lo
'-4
A,' =[Er
I tu. \P {. EfF
so-t++ t.;o+t| +o L")
ILi' ro \,^1 il"= 49 Er .l- a4o
--^
41 Er#9
a,= Ar = ---E ro
A
=
4 AotEr +aAD = lox3rf = glaA
: l6gb
41Er = !\lo -l4s
4 Et = ?H = 6t'1n59 \J,
',,- E ,*59-1t V'

A'=\8 5t'1t t\
t(5o*,D* Stnt Qro+")'|o
\-: l; i\
=

? 4go + \ \19.b
l6 sS'.L.

){z !
L 3lz*

y'r = \ :^ ;J Tl-\ = r (oo + ro) +4 e +o+o)


I " -r \o I +sr,1*GJ
* lbo .|- l)9'l,t-
= Blo
q59-tl
=
9 tr= A3 : .eEF,tr- : 3.06\9 D,
T 3r
To Fr nd, Uol$a1r o.erfott fig,
$*^
fi" c\uxApat\ e3cg,
UqS+A$r-trIa = 4$r
lcg= 4$.r -q;,
'
= -{xlD -q*5'gl
6n c\oreA \oop Yoro,
t $-r = (o +\leg *tg
4 \*g : tL -to -sg
3)]Tr fis irrtirt ,.-
3ho.,,n \n F',g , gina +\^r crto,r,en* a-"
supg\reo\ by .h^L tlo\So6 3,ou.r(e o.ndr .tl^!- $o\taXt- o\c.roa.s .tt"o-
cu.ttOn\ Sorrncc_
Jt- 8rr'-

a ,e-
+
:

Rtr:1+4:L (
RuL?'R:r
r-2\ Et\ = tD \ ["zlD

8g,r
: 4it+.1 = l*
=I
a'
Rgr i
RrqT>-Rgr
lK\g

[1r.'
\*, $" -[r,
f,1'
:l E122 >o \
-E =E \
lE=9s
'O
L
I'L ?J
l
",,1
lrl
!fr
=[t o
zI
4 &3- -Y
A
+o f o)
4 A -_ 6L2t-4) +4 & t+o)
144 -3L = lll
=
Av=[l-:; t'l F t(r+,e-o)+1L+'e+o)
Lo L 'J .*\o Qt - o)
: g4E-tbE -3o
= 6te -,$o
4 T. 3 = -6tE-sD
It2 4 6g f :,So E
ttr tr : \tZ X \O =\1!-o
6tE = 1\2o +tD =\2So
E = \?-oo, L\l ,$5 !,
6r
7
5rP Ar
A
.:

Ar =[ 10 -4
.,

r ro pt -1] +o Lo'- l+{J+oE -t4' tl es)


I o 11
Ll?rb' 2
FD
= Aao - \41 'a
qt'8
=
t. a 3l,s =
o' 9,8 a\ sl/l$,
.f
r2_ t

> 11.65 \f ,

fl^r rlo\tof aefo$ Cuatcn\ lalcce


= O, 8$lr 9voPS,
qI'.L a,t'6erL Srydi€A \^l 1)o{o}^Lsc^f,rt{

r^esh ano\.rrr\
7rv^+\Ar.-,l--l ":S'*f :IlrtPff!$f JPg\i359-
ry*' Eo\ve- ,l[^e- mesh euq{qnts O$ tt^o c\"{c,t:,t Sho.rn',n\,

\orl
,RI .r lv
-
-\
,9*
ara.
IJL-
,i

R.r1
=t+a=4 \"tr=Qgq = -a[= to Er1

f.1;t:1i1*3 =6 \e*-t", -- " \ L7y--- lrlgL


Rgg :3t2rH = 6 l*t, =Rgz =-3 \ t* 7 o.

fa -?'
2 \-. I
lo
L-
b

-9 lH=ru
t"?.

'Thr ta\ua o\ doBo*mr go\p $ourma- - r\),,* sbo.rrilb<:


qlr*raAtln *qt-s oF tncsh Cwtcrfrs ,

4 \)ot-= 3 Csl-Et
=) -rrt= - lt L> CsL -tOl
* 6tr*6 [g ,

n LIH=11,4
.;1
11 H'LI
.'.* , A= i" ,l :r\ t aoa*! -(tx-on*df'r-f* o
\ o -3 tf ? \ts-rA - lst,
I to -a *o fo -o)
At=l o tL to(rnrr - L1{qD 'LG-")
i\ =
lo -a
'
? 49o I'
t0
(9 -o) - \o I exu -o) +o &-o)
A2 -\x o 3r\
6lI =
4
lo o
\2-o
-
-t to\ -q I lo-o) +r-Co -o) +to.tg -")
As -- I?l- ol
\+ -v D I 6o
= fr: = o '166P B
cr-_ 7 *9o n- ;1 ' s84b S' #
* r*
-6o
F O.b846 ennfs.
F> =
fT., t
l5b
'*' wt\r
cn c'\.rcuib o*shoon ln Fbr dohectrirrru .h^,1
?q^ler(
drrlierei +o +JL.re,loufro.r bg

h.6-4+r:3 a1
r+F rn-

Iy=t I ztL ,
GS"
4 sc, = 3tg
'@' -qt
\t =l
:. It r - l.at,
fRr\ t+I -- i \ ?11 =9e1 aO \ B*:\2-341 =\2-3$l
= :

\ tg rtst
(rl = 9*t = -1 \ Een = 3f,1 -4Qff3 E
€:U' C r+a+*--t\ ?.zr=-?*L -- -2- t Ezg a o
..11)
?. L9r

: I l\\;l=l#f;
t!*-
-A(Ft-it)
o hh'Lt'
-L-L slLtrJ L
3+3
o*
-L
6

-t 1lft L I
=lil
1l. 1"1\ \t\
d = b Qu - 'a) '-6L ) -2 Cl-+A)
A : 14 -4 : lo
b
Ag = \

\: l;\ 6 (o -o)-*o

= o ^o +2.4
( ) +,.C1:*+)

Ag = 2+,

)fg
4^2o
f*tl ac.rDra 4n- .re;rrlor z Lt'"\t, ,\

2\ll-- :-. r Lr 1g -ttr)) : 4rr -41ts,

4 -q r=-(tr-4"r)
o -:Jrq=F rrl
F
?-

-q ."JL" 1
' b(
L= ]e -+\-o C ) -2-C-9++)
-r2-?o \
A= \:e-
Fo- nt** rtg \ \z
tro^" nnoryb _9,
* Atr - rr (an, t+*r) +t L! a o
-l-frt $SrftnttB$s :o'
65r =o
Sr =O,
) t (o) -e'$1=\2-
S3
\' t*^r.a &\lrp5d lo q,^ "(d$hn - -bt x4 E- 3bx + a\44 tDq\b,
=:J

\u in +h!- dt tct'i',U s\o.,cn in €i5,


TtL 2-Jl--
bS w\es\ a ,o\,trliS,
At
f+
t.
lru
9\)
?t, --3t\:
tfr'
\R.a : -t
t1
:Qzr
I
Pzs: t3z zo 0
Pzz- 3 .)
, -- no/rr5.2'9

F'
I
I Er
Rel-3 lR"t -- P.3 =o -Er .

c-l
f' -, ;.\
\-'
Loo
3
E] -*.rf

We* cc6 ..r"i,t(,


tr : A:r- )
3t4- z 3At.

e\s, 3tn-:. tz-rg


:'3Lr =- Az-ag
ot, Is = a1- 311

'n*fl;
Flr^ t"4
L fliU=Lll
3ar - t1 ?- v
Frorn ncod -2 t -ar JFSIr - Ez.
(,,., 3, "jl;l]
'o*-
::ll;
\
t*
Oddi'g 4@ t@,
-tr *3tz: Ez
-1ar + gta -- -Er
- \0L1 + btz
4 l ox to - 16Az z-5o
3oT.r
eV O* g -1oa1 t\tt1 z O
Etr -- EO
.X_t'= Bo 6.26 €t{.t4-
t

ug tn,lN c-itcr'b shor.yn in Fig. gint E b9 mah ana\rfrs'

I lb€'iD'
6' 469t'-
14
,irg: T-3 --
to
(4- -- h.ee'3 t)!*'v'

Fra 'eea\r\t''{
dthl rlotb€l- qArre9S +hr to
qg tlrtg rwlh a''o\gs' 'A$tetrri\ig
+hL c'ttctirb '
al 'te'rrn'rnqh A p b of ttJt_

AL'- 9 '-o'Q9DmT'
a5?

\e' -- o*>tlo\\'
\lg.ru.
r*.
(r.9 U'e_m€rsh ana\rraig +o otgtetYrirrg .t!u- twtce- rnesh c.rr.r{enls
V in +r"e- crrcur!,

n( ft
.-\
6V

,L3 lvr-
2J>

nhtiv',5e"-l.nQsh
s .}o eva\ualFa
\t \Ata i\L'lec\rniyre- oT Ynesh
g
Cqenes\S rtr Fr 3 .

= |rL I Iflu'?A = -l-ru|$r.-JtE 1{


R,r

222-- 6n \tzr=ttt= -rolt4-- o


?; e 1e
l -fa

"- lnt:;;:,
-- -
B>r = e'- ft,r=t".
qe'
) ar ? Jtas' .tr+"- o..6"w'

^untt'
,.P' @

ll: : ?ll:l=\T\
Fro* '
-- O
-'1-a3 +6te-$1
1
F'f,t^ "tur 4 -t Aa3,t
3 Cl tTr) - t car) - 1 T.s -- tE bnv-

lr+4-g-ar-1as ='IrE 4 n.--1


-
12 tae = E -14 -O' ^
'lo''ttb,',t'Y"
t'-
b>De*r' .,ff - ?-E 4 P
$ag
- /(11+at -3ar
lrr*;:?t==-J*,u -.c,. %_g'-ftn/,'
al E+rq
tc
addr@r'Orf Td! -3szt\ss z E -r\ -
-! ---r':4at+gt"
2,-fins'
r,-, = o
.d
a\nqsrireA a%trirs. .
-'.i
V
Lt) otrilrn Curfenl a, F 5;t- \n +t^e- c.\rcqlt b dtwn .

3-u -j l-u
to l-d.J
ocostttt.
G
5*lr. (
\ \

Z, -- 3 +r+-n- lZv=7A -- -inr-\V'r -- to l'9''


Zy7-- +jl -ia= ifrt \ \\'rzz ---lar

a*iq -i,r\ [ 1r \ tolr


\
=\;l\
\ \

\:; l:\ \l\


=\':"\
\:J;,;\\;l
d A = \s LiE'tr 4l3o'\
\nlr*-r3# zl!
zl_til
\o.u't.Lld t -61.43
glq)'r3. llge - AlJ; '4'41 rl&8'
=
'- Iol]Sltr' t?'ses -153'+3

(-r.qqqq +i a) - (-,, iilo'


= ")
A = tdAnW etlrrl
r. ?
-.lo \
r j, I
I

7- ro (ie) =jro
Az -- \ ati* ro\ (r-ir.)
I = o ro
I r -r't o\ :- -to t j+o
I

i
4 tf = A = iro F .y.lei
a Brj rq l6.l2qs llo'zss

1,r = l. 24 lzq tus D rngr .

!r*A = 4a
- Zot) tto : 4+ 1e. I t,6.56
A s tJlq
F&qrres
l{.tzr6 L9:6
= 6 2i-:- LSL,ys Dr,,g).

Ql t\se- rnesh ana\p\s on +l'4. c\rctttt s\o*n, 'b FtnA T, F I'2 .

-rtL Aq.
tt. bt s
tr= 4.8'l I -rb
\ sr- -11.^- Ita--t ttrt'qo g ,
!7--J'tJ
toPr 2.0 d.r

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