Journal of Engineering Sciences Vol 14 Issue 06,2023

AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHTS

1
DONADULA ARUN,2M. BEERAIAH,3S.VAMSHI KARTHIK,4MR.D.SRINIVAS
123
Students,4Assistant Professor
Department Of Electronics And Communication Engineering
ACE ENGINEERING COLLEGE,Medchal-501301
ABSTRACT
The system designed here can be used for many energy is wasted due to the forgotten lights, hence
organizations where public utilizes services provided this system is developed such that room light will be
by the concern segments. For example, libraries, switched off automatically whenever the person
record rooms, ATM centers, etc. The same system leaves the room. In addition system is programmed to
also can be used for domestic applications. The main count and display the number of persons present in
concept involved in the system is to save energy. the room. The light remains in on condition until the
Every day lot of electrical energy is wasted due to the last person leaves the room.
forgotten lights; hence these lights must be automated Though the system is developed to control the
such that by sensing the presence of a person inside light in the room, in addition this kind of systems can
the room, light should be energized automatically be used for stadiums or auditoriums for counting
other wise it should be switched off. By exact persons present in the event. To achieve this,
implementing this kind of system everywhere, lot of incoming and out going persons must be detected
energy can be saved. through sensors arranged at entrance and exit gates.
The system designed with IR sensors can sense Real time counting audience system is one of
the passing person through door. Whenever any application detector system, it is essential to adopt in
person enters in to the room, light will be energized stadiums where people are allowed to watch the
and it remains in on condition until that person leaves sport-meets or other events at free of cost. This
the room. If the incoming persons are more, the project was head for imagine the presence of
embedded system designed with 89C2051 controller audience at entrance and perform the basic
keep watches the door continuously and counts the calculation to get the exact number spectator with
incoming and out going persons. considering circumstance in/out them.
The light remains in energized condition until the The main purpose of this project is able to invent
last person leaves the room. Incoming and out going the control system by energizing the room light
persons are counted, this data stored in to the RAM automatically by sensing the incoming person.
will be displayed through seven segment display Nevertheless this system can be used for other
interfaced with the controller. This can be called as applications also, for example, function halls,
visitor counter and number of persons present in the meeting halls, movie theaters, etc. This in accordance
room will be displayed automatically. with development of sophistication engineering
The passing persons through the entrance and exit world, every thing is automated. The entire manual
doors are detected through infrared sensors and this work field is going to change to automatic system
technique is known as intruder sensing method. Each with equipped high standard electronic system. The
sensing circuit contains a set of IR sensors, these system will begin reckon when IR detector detects
sensors arranged at the entrance and exit doors can the presence of someone pass by. The most
detect the incoming and outgoing persons. The out importance features of system are alert and sensitive
puts of the sensors are triggered through 567 IC’s, and also must be lively performs the cycle counter.
means whenever any person passes through the gate, To be more systematic and simplistic to system
circuit will be triggered and generates a high signal process, the data decompose into four main portion
for the microcontroller. The passing persons through that are, sensing the passing persons at entrance and
entrance gate will be counted in increment mode; exit doors, data storage, data display and controlling
similarly the outgoing persons through exit gate will the light.
be counted in decrement mode. In this concept, Contact less proximity detection scheme designed
number of persons present in the room will be with infrared sensors is aimed to detect the passing
displayed exactly. persons. This technique is called IR remote detection
I. INTRODUCTION method, generally this concept is used to detect the
This project is developed to consider the presence objects, as it can sense any type of object the same
persons in side a specific room and accordingly room method is used detect the passing persons. Proximity
light will be controlled automatically. The concept sensors are used for many applications. These sensor
presented here falls under the subject of energy packages contain IR LED and IR sensor. Depending
saving methods. As every body knows that lot of up on the type of application, sensors must be

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Journal of Engineering Sciences Vol 14 Issue 06,2023

selected. Here in this project work, as the task is 1.3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
simple, normal commercial type of sensors are
selected for the purpose of sensing the passing
persons near to the sensor package. As these are
common type of sensors, the range is less when
compared with specialized sensors used for specific
applications
The microcontroller unit is designed with ATMEL
AT89C51 chip, this is a low power, higher
performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 4K
bytes of flash programmable and erasable read only
memory (PEROM). Its high-density non-volatile
memory compatible with standard MCS-51 Fig .2: Block Diagram
instruction set makes it a powerful controller that II. Hardware Description
provides highly flexible and cost effective solution to 2.1ARDUINO UNO
control applications. This controller works according The Arduino Uno SMD is a version of the Arduino
to the program written in it. The program is written in Uno but uses a surface mount version of the
such a way, so that the Microcontroller can read and Atmega328P instead of the through-hole version.
it can store the information received from the This version was made in response to a shortage in
transmitter. The 89C51 is an 8- bit controller widely supply of the through-hole Atmega328P. The board
used for control systems. This microcontroller is the is based on the ATmega328 (datasheet). It has 14
integration of a microprocessor having 4kb memory, digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as
32 I/O lines, timers, ROM, etc. on a single chip. As PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz crystal
this chip is having four ports, lot of electronic hard oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP
ware can be interfaced with this single chip. Its high- header, and a reset button. It contains everything
density non-volatile memory compatible with needed to support the microcontroller; simply
standard MCS-51 instruction set makes it a powerful connect it toa computer with a USB cable or power it
controller that provides highly flexible and cost with an AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.
effective solution to control applications. Micro- The Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it
controller works according to the program written in does not use the FTDI USB- to-serial driver chip.
it. The program is written in such a way, so that the Instead, it features the Atmega8U2 programmed as a
Micro controller can read and it can store the USB-to-serial converter. The CH340 chip is an USB
information received from the sensing circuit. Micro- to Serial Converter. It is used by several Arduino
controllers are "Embedded" inside some other device compatible boards, Node MCU and Some USB to
so that they can control the features or actions of the TLL Converters to provide USB connectivity, it may
product. Another name for a micro-controller is need to install a driver, to be able to detect your
"embedded controller". Micro-controllers are device to PC.
dedicated to one task and run one specific program.
The program is stored in ROM (read-only memory)
and generally does not change. Micro-controllers are
often low-power devices.
1.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Fig.3: Arduino UNO

2.2 POWER SUPPLY
The primary function of a power supply is to convert
electric current from a source to the correct voltage,
current, and frequency to power the load. As a result,
power supplies are sometimes
Fig 1. Block Diagram A power supply takes the AC from the wall outlet,
The above block diagram consist of 2 IR sensors and converts it to unregulated DC, and reduces the
1 Arduino and a LED which will show the output of voltage using an input power transformer, typically
this project stepping it down to the voltage required by the load.

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Journal of Engineering Sciences Vol 14 Issue 06,2023

For safety reasons, the transformer also separates the 2.5 SOLDERING TOOLS:
output power supply from the mains input.
There are three major kinds of power supplies:
unregulated (also called brute force), linear regulated,
and switching. The fourth type of power supply
circuit called the ripple-regulated, is a hybrid
between the “brute force” and “switching” designs,
and merits a subsection to it.

Fig.5: Soldering Tools

Fig.4: Circuit Diagram Of Power Supply

2.3 IR SENSORS
The applications and advantages of infrared sensors
Fig.6: Soldering Iron
are plenty; mostly these devices are utilized for
III. RESULTS
various types of security systems by implementing
3.1 RESULTS
proximity detection theme. Other important
applications are for counting objects, or counting
revolutions of a rotating object. In any concept, the
proximity detection package contains two devices,
namely infrared light emitting diode (IR LED) and
infrared light/signal detector (IR sensor).
The IR LED is always ON, meaning that this device
Fig.7: Result With Power Supply
is constantly emitting light and the sensor is detecting
this light. The sensors can be interfaced with trigger
circuit to generate logic high/low pulses depending
up on the interruptions created by any object. This
design of the circuit is suitable many applications.
However this design is more power consuming and is
not optimized for high ranges, in this design, range
Fig.8: Without Power Supply
can be from 1 to 10 cm, depending on the ambient
IV. ADVANTAGES , DISADVANTAGES &
light conditions. APPLICATION
2.4 LED(light emitting diode) 4.1 ADVANTAGES
LED is used to indicate whether the light is turned • Reduce in power usage
ON or OFF. It is a semiconductor light source that • Effortless and easy
emits light when the current flows through it. Pin • Low maintenance
configuration consist of anode and cathode. It has the • Energy Efficiency
4.2 DISADVANTAGES
advantage of lower power consumption, longer • Normal People Cant Fix The Repairs
lifetime, improved physical robustness, smaller size • Expensive
and faster switching. 4.3 APPLICATIONS
• Garbage Lights
• Bathroom Lights
• Auditoriums
• Labs
• Security Lights

Fig.4: LED

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Journal of Engineering Sciences Vol 14 Issue 06,2023

V. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE  “Smart Lighting

5.1 CONCLUSION System using Raspberry Pi”, International
From the proposed system we can conclude that an Journal of innovative Research in Science
approach is taken to control the room lights using &Technology,Vol.4(7), 2.15, pp.5113-51211
various devices. As nowadays enormous amount of
energy is wasted in daily life. With the help of this
system the energy wastage can be preserved and can
be contribute to large amount of power saving. The
total effective cost of system is very less.
The two major conclusions from this project are:
• Automatic room lights & fans using Arduino is a
very useful project where the lights in the room will
automatically turn on upon detecting a human motion
and stay turned on until the person has left or there is
no motion.
• By detecting the presence of human and turning on
lights accordingly helps to reduce the unnecessary
usage of power.
5.2 FUTURE SCOPE
In the proposed system decision are taken based on
presence of human but here we can also interface
LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) along with PIR
sensor for better working of the system. This system
can also be interfaced with the Bluetooth module so
the whole system can be controlled from the mobile
by just single click. Applications of this system are:
• It can be used in college labs, schools, etc.
• It can also be used in bathrooms, staircases, etc. in
the house.
• There are many technologies that can be used in
automatic lighting systems to make the system more
accurate.
• There is a scope that we can also use GSM (Global
System for Mobile) module to get notifications.
REFERENCE
 Mahesh Kumar Singh” Arduino based:
Automatic Room Light Control” department
of ECE,
 Buddha Institute of Technology, Gorakhpur
(Uttar Pradesh), India.
 Karthikeyan.R, Piyush.D “Automatic Lighting
Using Arduino and PIR Sensor”, International
 Journal of Computer Science Trends and
Technology, Volume 6, Sept- Oct 2018.
 Abhishek .N, Vaghela, Bhavin D Gujjar
“Automatic Switch using PIR Sensor”
International
 Journal of Engineering Development and
Research.
 https://components101.com/microcontrollers/a
rduino-Uno.
 “Automatic Lighting and Control System”
2016 International Conference on ICT in
Business Industry & Government(ICTBIG) by
S. Suresh & T. Rajath.

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