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ORGANIC COMPOUNDS -2

The document covers the naming, drawing, and preparation of alkyl halides and alcohols, including their general formulas and isomers. It provides examples of reactions involving alkenes and binary acids to form alkyl halides, as well as the conversion of alkenes to alcohols using water. Additionally, it includes specific structures and naming conventions for various organic compounds.

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14 views

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS -2

The document covers the naming, drawing, and preparation of alkyl halides and alcohols, including their general formulas and isomers. It provides examples of reactions involving alkenes and binary acids to form alkyl halides, as well as the conversion of alkenes to alcohols using water. Additionally, it includes specific structures and naming conventions for various organic compounds.

Uploaded by

maytham.chemistry
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Alkyl halides

Alcohols

Objectives:

- Naming & drawing organic compounds.


- Identify the organic compounds by using general formula , then drawing and naming
the possible isomers.
- Preperation of organic compounds.
- Complete the organic reaction.

Alkyl halides : a hydrocarnon with a halogen atom (X=F, Cl, Br, I)

Hydrocarbon + halogen = alkyl halyde (halogen name is modified with O)

CH3 – CH2 – CH3 + Cl = CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – Cl 1- chloro propane

CH3 – CH2 – CH2- CH3 + Br = CH3 – CH- CH2- CH3 2- bromo butane

Br

CH3

= CH3 – C- CH2- CH3 2- bromo - 2- methyl butane

Br

CH2 = CH – CH3 (1- propene) + F = CH2 = C – CH3 2- fluoro -1- propene

- Draw the condensed structure of :


a. 3 – iodo – 2- pentene

CH3 – CH = C- CH2 -CH3


I
b. 3- fluoro propyne

CH = C – CH2- F
Preperation of alkyl halides: (X= F, Cl, Br, I)

Alkene + binary acids (HX) → alkyl halide R-X

- H added to the carbon with more hydrogen


- X added to the carbon with less hydrogen.

CH2 = CH2 + H-Cl → CH3 – CH2 -Cl (1-chloro entane)

CH2 = CH – CH2 -CH3 + H-Br → CH3 – CH – CH2 -CH3 (2- bromo butane)

Br

Acohols:

the sufix (-ol) added to the name of the parent hydrocarbon.

Ex- methane = methanol

Ethane = ethanol

Propane = propanol

alkanes+ hydroxyl group (-OH)= alcohol

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 butane + hydroxide(OH) = CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH 1- butanol

CH3-CH-CH2-CH3 2- butanol

OH

CH3

CH3-C -CH3 2- methyl -2-propanol

OH

- Draw the structure of :


a. 2- hexanol

CH3-CH-CH3
OH
b. 3- chloro- 2- methyl -1- heptanol
Cl
HO- CH2- CH- CH- CH2-CH2- CH2- CH3

CH3
Preperation of alcohols:

Alkene + water (HOH) → alcohol ( R-OH)

- H is added to carbon with more hydrogen.


- OH is added to carbon with less hydrogen.

CH2 = CH2 (ethene) + HOH → CH3- CH2- OH 1- ethanol

CH2 = CH – CH2 -CH3 (1-propene)+ HOH → CH3 – CH – CH2- CH3 (2- butanol)

OH

General formula of alkyl halides is CnH2n+2+X, CnH2n+O, CnH2n-2O

General formula of alcohols is CnH2n+2+O

Ex- draw the prossible isomers (with naming) for an alcohol with M.m= 74 g/mol.

Ans:

Cn+H2n+2+O =74

(12)n + (1)2n +2+ 16 =74

12n + 2n +18= 74

14n= 74-18

14 n= 56

n=56/14=4

Cn+H2n+2+O= C4H10O

CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – OH 1- btanol

CH3- CH- CH2- CH3 2- butanol

OH

CH3

CH3 -C – CH3 2- methyl-2-propanol

OH

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