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Nervous System

The document provides an overview of the nervous system, highlighting its weight, complexity, and main subdivisions: the Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS consists of nerves, ganglia, and sensory receptors, further divided into the somatic and autonomic nervous systems. Key functions and components of each subdivision are discussed, including the roles of sensory receptors and the enteric nervous system.

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2 views

Nervous System

The document provides an overview of the nervous system, highlighting its weight, complexity, and main subdivisions: the Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS consists of nerves, ganglia, and sensory receptors, further divided into the somatic and autonomic nervous systems. Key functions and components of each subdivision are discussed, including the roles of sensory receptors and the enteric nervous system.

Uploaded by

Moochie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NERVOUS SYSTEM

HES 006: ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY (Lecture)


BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING | BSN1-22 | PROF. SEMBRANA | 1ST SEM

NERVOUS SYSTEM
● 2 kg (4.5 lb) or about 3% of the total
body weight
● One of the smallest and yet the
most complex of the 11 body
systems

TWO MAIN SUBDIVISIONS:


● CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
● PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS)

● It consists of the brain and spinal


cord.
● It processes many different kinds
of incoming sensory information. It
is also the source of thoughts,
emotions, and memories.
● Most signals that stimulate
muscles to contract and glands to
secrete originate in the CNS. COMPONENTS OF PNS:
● NERVES
Brain – is the part of the CNS that is ○ A bundle of hundreds to
located in the skull and contains about 85 thousands of axons plus
billion neurons associated connective tissue
and blood vessels that lies
Spinal Cord – connected to the brain outside the brain and spinal
through the foramen magnum of the cord.
occipital bone and is encircled by the bones ○ 12 PAIRS OF CRANIAL
of the vertebral column; contains about 100 NERVES: emerge from the
million neurons brain
○ 31 PAIRS OF SPINAL
NERVES: emerge from the
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM spinal cord
(PNS) ○ Each nerve follows a defined
path and serves a specific
● It consists of all nervous tissue region of the body.
outside the CNS. ● GANGLIA
● Components of the PNS include ○ Are small masses of nervous
nerves, ganglia, enteric plexus, tissue, consisting primarily of
and sensory receptors. neuron cell bodies that are
● It is also divided into a somatic located outside of the brain
nervous system (SNS) and an and spinal cord.
autonomic nervous system ○ Are closely associated with
(ANS). cranial and spinal nerves

1
NERVOUS SYSTEM
HES 006: ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY (Lecture)
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING | BSN1-22 | PROF. SEMBRANA | 1ST SEM

● ENTERIC PLEXUSES ● PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION


○ Are extensive networks of ○ Takes care of
neurons located in the walls 'rest-and-digest' activities
of organs of the
gastrointestinal tract. ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (ENS) –
○ The neurons of these once considered part of the ANS; consists
plexuses help regulate the of over 100 million neurons in enteric
digestive system. plexuses that extend most of the length of
● SENSORY RECEPTORS the gastrointestinal (GI) tract
○ Refers to a structure of the
nervous system that monitors
changes in the external or
internal environment.

SUBDIVISIONS OF PNS:
● SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
(SNS)
○ Voluntary
○ It consists of (1) sensory
neurons that convey
information to the CNS from
somatic receptors in the
head, body wall, and limbs
and from receptors for the
special senses of vision,
hearing, taste, and smell,
and (2) motor neurons that
conduct impulses from the
CNS to skeletal muscles
only.
● AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
(ANS)
○ Involuntary
○ It consists of (1) sensory
neurons that convey
information to the CNS from
autonomic sensory
receptors, located primarily in
visceral organs, and (2)
motor neurons that conduct
nerve impulses from the
smooth muscle, cardiac
muscle, and glands.

BRANCHES OF MOTOR NEURONS:


● SYMPATHETIC DIVISION
○ Helps support exercise or
emergency actions, the
'fight-or-flight' responses

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