CHALLENGES

IN TEACHING
PREPARED BY: SILLAR,JAMES C.
 Multicultural Classrooms Children with Special needs

Learner-Centered Teaching Multiple Intelligence

CHALLENGES IN
TEACHING

Multi-Grade Classes Brain-based Education

ICT Integration
 1. Multicultural
Classrooms
Teaching in Multicultural
Classrooms Multicultural education is
an interesting and important topic
for teachers.At its heart is a deep
concern about equity, respect for
diversity, cultural literacy.
1. Multicultural
Classrooms
Learners are different in terms of
language, religion, ethnicity, belief,
nationality, and culture.This holds
true in the Philippines, where there
are more than 107 ethnolinguistic
groups.Each member in the class
may be a member of a cultural
group, have definite religions.
 1. Multicultural
Classrooms
There are several instructional
strategies that can be utilized in
addressing cultural diversity in the
classroom.The following are
example of the things that can
promote the cause of multicultural
education.
1. Content integration- cultural practices, cultural values,
history, and respect for cultural diversity can be
integrated in the various contents of the subjects in basic
education.

2. Cultural immersion students can be immersed in

different cultures.This will allow the students to observe
the life of other people and to have a first hand
experience of their culture and values.
3. Celebrating cultural diversity- Similar to what we do
in the UN Month celebration and in the Lingo ng Wika
students can experience and enjoy different cutural
dance, folk literature, music, visual arts, and costumes.

4. Cultural responsive pedagogy- Teachers use

pedagogical methods, approaches, and techniques that
respects the cultural values, cultural mindset, and
cultural practices of the learners.
5. Teaching Local Culture Teachers will
introduce local culture to students
through lectures.
 2. Learner-Centered
Teaching
Learner centered education refers to a kind of
education that considers the knowledge, skills,
abilities, attitudes, interests, and beliefs that the
learners bring into the classroom.In learner centered
education, providing learners social and emotional
development is an equally important aspect in
planning the curriculum.
 3. Multi-Grade Classes
Multigrade teaching involves the
teaching of student s from different grade
levels in one classroom . This requires
teachers to develop a skill in handling
different students' behavior and in
addressing to their needs and interestts.
The department of Education is also
implementing multigrade classes in many
divisions in the country. Most of these
public schools operating multigrade
classes are located in local communities
that are geographically far.
 4. ICT INTEGRATION
Computers entry into schools
changed radically the landscape of
education.With computers came
educational programs and DVDs,
VCD, CD, and other forms.
Microsoft, Apple and other
companies developed different
software that is utilized in
education nowadays.
 4. ICT INTEGRATION
The term ICT, short for information
communications technology, embraces
all forms of technologies that enable all
people to receive information and
communicate or exchange information
with others (Anderson 2010). ICT have
marked significant effect in education
particularly on teaching and learning.
 5. Brain-based Education
Brain based education was brought by
research in neuroscience.Significant
neuroscience studies provided several
ideas on how the human brain functions
and people learn.Kaini and Caine of 1997
considered curriculum and instruction
from a brain based approach.They begin
with brain mind learning principles derived
from brain brain research findings and
apply these principles in the classroom.
 Brain-based Education
1. The brain is a whole system and
includes physiology, emotions, i
maginations and predisposition.
These must all be considered as a
whole.

2. The brain develops in relationships

to interactions with the environment
and with others.
 Brain-based Education
3. A quality of being human is a
search for personal meaning.

4. People create meaning

through perceiving certain
patterns of understandings.
Brain-based Education
5. Emotions are critical to the
patterns people perceive.

6. The brain processes information

into both parts and whole at the
same time.

7.Learning includes both focused

attention and peripheral input.
Brain-based Education
8. Learning is both conscious and
unconscious

9. Information (meaningful and

fragmented) is organized
differently in memory.

10. Learning is developmental.

Brain-based Education
11. The brain makes the optimal
number of connections in a
supportive but challenging
environment, perceptions of threat
inhibiting learning.

12. Every brain is unique in it's

organization.
 Brain-based Education
Resnick of 1987 postulates that
people learn better if they are asked
to think in ways that are more
complex.She theorizes that even in
elementary school, students learn
more if they are given several ways
to look at a problem and if they are
asked to give more than one way of
solving it.
 6. Multiple Intelligence
The idea of learners having
multiple intelligence came from the
research of the famous Harvard
University professor Howard
Gardner.In 1983, Gardner published
his book titled Frames of Mind that
presented the concept of multiple
intelligence.
 6. Multiple Intelligence
Gardner's theory of Multiple
Intelligence (MI) presents a powerful
notion that there are different separate
human capacities namely;

* Linguistic Intelligence - ability to

analyze information and create products
involving oral and written language.
 6. Multiple Intelligence
* Logical- Mathematical Intelligence-
ability to develop equations and
proofs, make calculations, and solve
abstract problems.

* Spatial Intelligence - ability to

recognize and manipulate large-scale
and fine-grained spatial images.
 6. Multiple Intelligence
* Musical Intelligence - ability to produce,
remember, and make meaning of different
patterns of sounds.

* Naturalist Intelligence- ability to identify

and distinguish among different types of
plants, animals, and weather formations
that are found in the natural world.
 6. Multiple Intelligence
* Bodily Kinesthetic - ability to use one's own
body to create products or solve problems.

* Interpersonal Intelligence- ability to

recognize and understand other people's
moods, desires, motivations, and intentions.

* Intrapersonal Intelligence- ability to

recognize and understand his or her own
moods, desires, motivations and intentions.
7. Children with Special Needs
Special Education is an area in
education that seeks to
understand the nature and
needs of different learners with
special needs. As a field of study,
it trains teachers and other
professionals to respond to
needs of special learners in
terms of pedagogy, curriculum,
and other forms of educational
interventions.
 7. Children with Special Needs
Wolery and Wilbers (1994) described the
various classifications of children with special
needs according to the type of disability of
each learner like dual-sensory impairments,
deafness and hearing impairments, other
health impairments, serious emotional
disturbance, specific learning disabilities,
speech (language) impairments and
blindness, traumatic brain injury, autism, and
also learners diagnosed with medical
conditions.