MO: CIRCUIT GLOBE Electrical Terms ~ Electronic Terms ~ Comparisons Q Definition: Feeder protection is defined as the protection of the feeder Star Delta Starter from the fault so that the power grid continue supply the energy. The Peak Value, Average Value andl feeder injects the electrical energy from the substation to the load end RMS Value So itis essential to protect the feeder from the various type of fault. The main requirement of the feeder protection are; Active, Reactive and Apparent Power 1, During the short circuit, the circuit breaker nearest to the fault should open and all other circuit breakers remain in a closed Flectrical Bus-Bar and its Types position, Emf Equation of a DC Generator 2. If the breaker nearest to the fault fails to open then, backup protection should be provided by the adjacent circuit breaker. Electrical Earthing 3. The relay operating time should be small to maintain the system Two Wattmeter Method of stability without necessary tripping of a circuit. Power Measurement Reciprocity Theorem Time Graded Protection Eddy Current Loss This is a scheme in which the time setting of relays is so consecutive that in the event of a fault, the smallest possible part of the system is, Excitation System isolated. The applications of time graded are explained below.Protection of Radial Feeders ‘The main characteristic of a radial system is that power flow only in one direction, ie. from the generator or the supply end to the load end. It has ‘the drawback that continuity of supply cannot be controlled at the load end in the occurrence of a fault. In a radial system when the number of feeders is connected in series as shown in the figure. It is desired that the smallest possible part of the system should be off. This is conveniently achieved by employing time graded protection. The over current system should be adjusted in such a ‘way that the longer the relay from the generating station the lesser the time of operation SSS SSS ‘seconds 1.5 seconds LOseconds 05 seconds Instantaneous scons Operating = ne .oseconds asseconde Distance ——e ‘Time Graded Protection for Radial Feeders Synchronous Machine Regenerative Braking Thevenin’s Theorem ‘Auto Transformer ‘Armature Winding DC Machine RLC Series Circuit RS Flip Flop Power Triangle Parallel Resonance NEMO uN Optical Fiber Step Index FiberWhen the fault occurs on the SSq, the relay OCs should operate first and not any other ie. the time require to operate the relay OC, must be less ‘than the time required for relay C3 and so on. This shows that the time setting required for these relays must be properly graded. The minimum, interval of time which can be allowed for the two adjacent circuit breaker depends on its own clearance time, plus a small time for the safety margin. With normal circuit breaker in use minimum, the discriminating time between adjustment breaker should be about 0.4 seconds. The time settings for relay OC}, OC, OCs, OCs, and OCs will be 0.2 seconds, 1.5 seconds, 1.5 seconds, 1.0 seconds, 0.5 second and instantaneous respectively. Along with the grading system, itis also essential that the time of operation for the severe fault should be less. This can be done by Using time limiting fuse in parallel with the trip coils. Protection of Parallel Feeders ‘The parallel connection of the supply is mainly used for the continuity of the supply and for sharing the load. When the fault occurs on the protective feeder, the protective device will select and isolate the defective feeder while the other instantly assume the increased load. One of the simplest methods for the protection of the relay is the time graded overload relay with inverse time characteristic at the sending end and instantaneous reverse power or directional relays at the receiving Optical isolator Optical Modulation Optical Line Terminal (OLT) Ditference Between Semiconductors and Superconductors Diference Between Shunt and Series Voltage Regulator Difference Between Symmetric and Asymmetric Multiprocessing Electromagnetic Flow Meter Difference Between Charge and Mass Cousens Circuit Theory Comparisonsend as shown in the figure below. Suplv End Instantaneous Regeving End or A eoder ‘re Toads Bs tc Instanteneous @ @ rm Eh > Nor-iectional > icectinal Protection of Parallel Feeders When the heavy fault F occur on any one of the lines, then the power is fed into fault from the sending end as well as from the receiving end of the line. The direction of power flow will be reversed through the relay on D, which will be open. The excess current is then restricted to B until its overload relay operates and trips the circuit breaker, thus completely isolating the faulty feeder and supplying power through the healthy feeder. This method is only satisfactory when the fault is heavy and reverse the power at D. Hence differential protection is also added along with the overloaded protection at both the end of the line, Protection of Ring Main System DC Machines Electrical Drives Electrical Instrumentation Electrical Machines Electrical Measurement Electrical Terms Electronic Instrumentation Electronic Terms Induction Motor Magnetic Circuit Optical Fiber Communication Power Systems Special Machines Switehgear and Protection Synchronous Machines‘The ring main is a system of interconnection between a series of the power station by a different route. In the main ring system, the direction Transformer of power can be changed at will, particularly when the interconnection is used, ‘The elementary diagram of such a system is shown in the figure below where G is the generating station, and A, B, C, and D are substation. At the generating station, the power flow only in one direction and hence no ‘time lag overload relays is used. The time grade overload relay is placed at the end of the substation, and it will trip only when overload flows away from the substation which they protect. Protection of Ring Sytem Going round the ring in the direction GABCD the relay on the further side of each station are set with decreasing time lags. At generating station 2 seconds at station A, B, C and 1.5 seconds, 1.0 second, 0.5 second and instantaneous respectively. Similarly going round the ring in the oppositedirection the relay on the outgoing sides would be set as follows. Hf the fault occurs at p F, the power F is fed into the fault through two paths ABF and DCF. The relay to operate is that between substation B and fault point F and substation C and fault point F. Thus the fault on any section will cause the relay on that section to operate, and the healthy section will be operating uninterruptedly. Related Terms: 1. Bus-Bar Protection 2, Differential Protection Relay 3. Differential Protection of a Transformer 4, Differential Protection of a Generator 5, Primary & Backup Protection 5 thoughts on “Feeder Protection” We have two feeders from one busbar. Each feeder has its own protection. However, something strange is happening. That.is, when anearth fault happens on either of the feeders they both trip simultaneously. Please note that the feeders have independent loads. Reply Keep me fed with such good knowledge. Thanks Reply Thanks Reply ‘The knowledge | have gotten is powerful, thank you very much.Reply ‘Thanks for providing this awesome article. Reply Leave a Comment Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *) Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time | ‘comment. Copyright © 2025 Circuit Glabe - Contact Us About Us Privacy