MEDIA & INFORMATION LITERACY Decoding

LESSON 1: Introduction to Media & - Where listening and reading directions

carefully makes its claim to fame
Information Literacy
Receiver
Communication
- It is who receives the information from the
- Is a process by which information is
source.
exchanged between individuals through a
common system, signs, or behavior Feedback
(Merriam Webster Dictionary)
- The process by which messages or - The reaction or response
information is sent from one place or person
to another, or the message itself
(Cambridge.org Dictionary) Comparison Between Feedback and Response
Response- is an answer or reply.

Two Basic Types of Communication Feedback- is the critical assessment on

information produced.
Verbal- can be oral and written.
Non-verbal- are signs, symbols, colors, gestures,
body language, facial expressions. Origin of The Word “Media”
Publications- the collective word for magazines,
journals, and newspapers which are the original
Seven Major Elements of Communication means of mass communication.
Process
Writers borrowed the term “media” from advertising
Source people and used it since then to accommodate their
- The person or thing attempting to share means of communication and even the newer ones
information. such as the internet (Turow, 2009).
- Qualifications needed are an origin of
information & ability to transmit this
information through a channel, to a receiver. Media Literacy

Message - Is the ability to access, analyze, response to

a range of media.
- The information you want to communicate. - Aims to empower citizens by providing them
Encoding with the competencies necessary to engage
with traditional media and new technologies.
- The process of assembling the message - Uses forms of communication and produces
into a representative design with the ways of communication.
objective of ensuring that the receiver can - Builds an understanding of media in society
comprehend it. as well as essential skills of inquiry and self-
- Communication is only established when it expression needed for democratic citizens.
results in both the source and the receiver
understanding the same information.
Channel Information Literacy

- An encoded message is conveyed by the - Is the ability to recognize when information

source through a channel. is needed, and to locate, evaluate, and
- Channel categories are verbal, non-verbal, effectively communicate information in its
non-personal, etc. various formats.
- Examples are paper, phones, television, etc.
 - About using, managing, gathering, and
verifying information
Two Kinds of Rock Art
- We learn how to evaluate the quality,
credibility, validity of websites, and give Petroglyphs- carving or engravings in rocks or
proper credit from effective search caves
strategies to evaluation techniques.
Pictographs- represent words or phrases
through symbols; sketches, or paintings that
depict nature and early life.
Technology (Digital) Literacy
 The ability to use technological tools
responsibly, appropriately, and effectively. Examples:
 Ability to effectively use technology to
access, evaluate, integrate, create, and  Orayi- a cradle song that is played for
communicate information to enhance the children.
learning process through problem-solving  Cañao (Dance Offering)
and critical thinking.  Cave Paintings (35,000 BC)
 Clay tablets in Mesopotamia (2400 BC)
 Papyrus in Egypt (2500BC)
 Acta Diurna in Rome (130 BC)
Media and Information Literacy
 Dibao in China (2nd Century)
 Lies at the core of freedom of expression  Codex in the Mayan Region (5th
and information; empowers citizens to Century)
understand the functions of media and other  Printing press using wood blocks (220
information providers to critically evaluate AD)
their content, and to make informed
decisions as user and producer of
information and media content. Industrial Age (1700s – 1930s)
Two Factors that Influence a Media and - Where people use the power of steam,
Information Literate Individual developed machine tools, established iron
production, and the manufacturing of
 Clarifying your goals and motivations for
various products (including books through
seeking information
the printing press).
 Acquiring more skills in discerning,
appreciating, and filtering information Examples:
 Printing press for mass production (19th
Century)
LESSON 2: The Evolution of Traditional Media
 Newspaper- The London Gazette (1640)
to New Media
 Typewriter (1800)
 Telephone (1876)
 Motion picture photography/projection
Prehistoric Age (1500 BC – 1500 AD)
(1890)
- Refers to the time before the existence of  Commercial motion pictures (1913)
written or recorded history.  Motion picture with sound (1926)
- Called the Stone Age or Metal Age  Telegraph
- a period where system of writing has not yet  Punch Cards
existed.
- A period where men learned to sharpen
their crude tools and use them for hunting
and carve stones.
- People’s way of communication is through
music and dance. Electronic Age (1930s – 1980s)
 - Where the invention of the transistor - The two medias are valuable and can carry
happened out their purpose of keeping the people
- Long distance communication became more informed and helping everyone to stay
efficient. connected.
Examples:
 Transistor Radio Four Main Categories of New Media According
 Television (1941) to McQuail
 Large electronic computers: EDSAC
Interpersonal Communication Media
(1949) and UNIVAC 1 (1951)
 Mainframe computers: IBM 704 (1960) - Examples are telephone, and e-mail where
 Personal computers: Hewlett Packard “content is private and perishable, and the
9100A (1968), and Apple 1 (1976) relationship established and reinforced may
 OHP, LCD projectors be more important than the information
conveyed.”
Interactive Play Media
Information (Digital) Age (1900s – 2000s)
- Video and computer-based games, plus
- Where we currently live
virtual reality device compose this category.
- The internet paved the way for faster
communication and the creation of the Information Search Media
social network.
- Where voice, image, sound, and data are - Where internet and World Wide Web
digitalized. become repositories of sources of a vast
collection of information that can be
Examples: accessed real-time despite geographical
location.
 Web Browsers: Mosaic (1993), Internet
- Information retrieval is no longer limited to
Explorer (1995)
personal computers because this
 Blogs: Blogspot (1999), LiveJournal
functionality has been extended to
(1999), Wordpress (2003)
smartphones and tablets.
 Social networks: Friendster (2002),
- Examples of information retrieval include
Multiply (2003), Facebook (2004)
the personal video recorder, CD-ROM,
 Microblogs: Twitter (2006), Tumblr
compact disc, DVD, etc.
(2007)
 Video: Youtube (2005) Collective Participatory Media
 Augmented Reality/ Virtual Reality
 Video chat: Skype (2003), Google - Refers to the use of the internet for “sharing
Hangouts (2013) and exchanging information, ideas, and
 Search Engines: Google (1996), Yahoo experiences and developing active
(1995) (computer-mediated) personal relationships.
 Portable Computers: Laptops (1980),
netbooks (2008), tablets (1993)
 Smartphones Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
 Wearable Technology
- A German philosopher who developed a
 Cloud and Big Data
dialectical scheme that emphasized the
progress of history and of ideas from thesis
to antithesis and thence to a synthesis.
Roles and Functions of Media in a Democratic
Society
Relationship Between Traditional and New Channel
Media
 - Provides opportunities for people to - Emergence of email gateways and services
communicate and give information. in the Philippines, including some from
multinational companies like Intel, Motorola,
Watchdog
and Texas Instruments, which used a direct
- Exposes corrupt practices of the Internet connection, X.25, or UCCP
government and the private sector; protocol, Local firms ETPI, Philcom, and
guarantees free and fair elections. PLDT also operated commercial X.25
networks.
Resource Center
June 1993
- Acts as a gateway of information for the - The Philnet project was born with the help
society’s consumption; keeper of memories of the Department of Science and
of the community, preserver of heritage and Technology and the Industrial Research
source of academic knowledge. Foundation. The Philnet technical
committee is composed of computer buffs
Advocate working at the DOST and representatives
from the Ateneo de Manila University
- Bridges the gap of digital divide.
(Richie Lozada and Arnie del Rosario), De
La Salle University (Kelsey Hartigan-Go),
University of the Philippines Diliman (Rodel
Philippine Internet Timeline Atanacio and Rommel Feria), and University
of the Philippines Los Baños.
March 29, 1994 July 1993
- The free open Web opened its doors to - Phase one of the Philnet project shifted into
Filipinos. full gear after receiving funding from the
DOST. It proved to be successful, as
August students from partner universities were able
to send emails to the Internet by routing
1986 them through Philnet's gateway at the
Ateneo, which was connected to another
- The first Philippine-based, public access
gateway at the Victoria University of
BBS (bulletin board system), first Fil. RBBS Technology in Australia.
went online with an annual subscription fee
of Php 1,000. It ran an open-source BBS November 1993
software on an IBM XT Clone PC operated - An additional P12.5-million grant for the first
by Dan Angelese and Ed Castañeda. year's running cost was awarded by the
DOST to buy equipment and lease
1987 communication lines needed to kickstart the
- The Philippine FidoNet Exchange, a local second phase of Philnet, now led by Dr.
Rudy Villarica.
network for communication between several
BBSes in Metro Manila, was formed.
March 29, 1994, 1:15 a.m.
1990 - Benjie Tan, who was working for ComNet, a
company that supplied Cisco routers to the
- A committee held by Arnie del Rosario of Philnet project, established the Philippine's
the Ateneo Computer Technology Center first connection to the Internet at a PLDT
was tasked with exploring the possibility of network center in Makati City. Shortly
creating an academic network comprised of thereafter, he posted a short message to the
universities and government institutions by Usenet newsgroup soc.culture.filipino to
the National Computer Center under Dr. alert Filipinos overseas that a link had been
William Torres. Recommendations were made.
made, but not implemented.
The Evolution of Media in the Philippines
1991-1993
Pre-colonial (1500)
 - Baybayin or Alibata is a pre-Hispanic part of appearing differently in relation to
Philippine composition framework that print media.
started from the Javanese content Old Local Online Media
Kawi. The written work framework is an 1994
individual from the Brahmic family and is - Benjie Tan, who was working for ComNet,
accepted to be being used as ahead of an organization that provided Cisco
schedule as the fourteenth century. It kept switches to the Philnet venture, set up
on being used amid the Spanish Philippine's first association with the Web at
colonization of the Philippines up until the a PLDT arrange focus on Makati City.
late nineteenth Century. This term implies Presently, he presented a short message on
Spelling. the Usenet newsgroup soc.culture.filipino to
ready Filipinos abroad that a connection
Print Industry and Filipino Freedom (1800) had been made. As of Walk 29, 1994 at
- Philippines was acquainted with books, 1:15 am Philippine time.
magazines, and daily papers like "La 2011
Solidaridad" by the Spaniards who
colonized the Philippines for around 333 - Philippines was named as the "Social Media
years. American colonialization left a Capital of the World".
blemish on the press and molded its style: a
flourid lingua, a nonpartisan state of mind,
matched with the commitment of obstinate LESSON 3: Information Literacy
and prevalent writers.
We need information…
Broadcast Industry (1890)
- The first telephone system of the country - to be updated with the news, for
began its operations, and the whole learning/education purposes, for
archipelago enjoyed this system of communication, to acquire knowledge
information and communication exchange. needed for decision-making.

European Film Import Sources of Information

1897 - Internet, television, library, radio,
- The cinematography film camera and newspapers, etc.
projector developed by the Lumpier siblings
got through the Spanish fighter named We acquire and store information through…
Carlo Naquera. He demonstrated a few
Spanish-dialect movies to choose - write, print, photocopy, photograph,
gatherings of people in 1987. download, cloud storage, record, external
1922 memory drives, memory cards.

- During this time, the Filipinos readily Quality and accuracy of information
accepted radio news and entertainment
- It should come from a reputable source,
programs, and local businessmen, who
such as an institution.
recognized its profitability, established their
own radio stations to advertise their How do you use the information you have?
products and services. A couple of 50-watt
radio stations were established in Pasay - share, apply, announce, post, archive,
and in Manila by Henry Hermann. reminder, answer a query, clarify confusion.

Electronic Age (1980) We communicate information by…

- Broadcast or storage media that exploits - announcement, text, post to social media,
electronic innovation. They may incorporate
face to face session, note, chat, email, save
TV, radio, Web, fax, Disc ROMs, DVD, and
file.
some other medium that requires power or
computerized encoding of data. The term
'electronic media' is regularly utilized as a
Information Literacy
 - set of individual competencies needed to  Submit your own work for publication. You
identify, evaluate, and use information in the need to cite even your own work.
most ethical, efficient, and effective way  Put quotation marks around everything that
across all domains, occupations, and comes directly from the text and cite the
professions. source.
 Paraphrase, but be sure that you are not
simply rearranging or replacing a few words
Ethical Use of Information and cite the source.
 Keep a source journal, a notepad, or note
Plagiarism cards- annotated bibliographies can be
- Using other people’s words and ideas especially beneficial.
without clearly acknowledging the source of  Use the style manual in properly citing
the information sources.
 Get help from the writing center or library.
Common Knowledge
- Facts that can be found in numerous
places. LESSON 4: Types of Media

Interpretation 3 Types of Media

- You must document facts that are not Print Media

generally known, or ideas that interpret - consisting of paper and ink, reproduced in a
facts. printing process that is traditionally
Quotation mechanical.

- Using someone’s words directly. When you Broadcast Media

use a direct quote, place the passage - like radio and television that reach target
between quotation marks, and document audiences using airwaves as the
the source according to a standard transmission medium.
documenting style.
New Media
Paraphrase
- content organized and distributed on digital
- Using someone’s ideas but rephrasing them platforms.
in your own words; source must still be
acknowledged and cited.
Plagiarism has legal implications. Media Convergence

- Ideas are not copyrightable, and the artistic - The co-existence of traditional and new
expression of an idea automatically falls media.
under copyright when it is created. Under - The co-existence of every media allows
fair use, small parts may be copied without media content to flow across various
permission from the copyright holder. platforms.
However, even under fair use - in which you The ability to transform different kinds of
can use some parts of the material for media into digital code, which is then
academic or non-profit purposes, you must accessible by a range of devices (ex. from
attribute the original source. What is the personal computer to the mobile phone),
considered fair use is rather subjective and thus creating a digital communication
can vary from country to country. environment.

Strategies to Avoid Plagiarism