ASSEMBLYWOMAN FELICITA G.

BERNARDINO
MEMORIAL TRADE SCHOOL

Chapter III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter explains how researchers gather

required data using instruments. It contains the

research method, sampling techniques, respondents,

research instruments, data gathering procedure, and

statistical treatment.

Research Method Used

Descriptive research involves the quantitative

collection of data for statistical analysis of a selected

population sample. This approach aims to delineate the

characteristics of the group, situation, or phenomenon

under investigation without intervening in variables or

testing hypotheses. Surveys and polls serve as

instrumental tools in uncovering patterns, connections,

and trends over time through the numerical data obtained

(Heath, 2023).

This study specifically adopted a descriptive survey

method to analyze the assessment of Grade 12 ABM students.

Descriptive research involves survey and fact-finding

 ASSEMBLYWOMAN FELICITA G. BERNARDINO
MEMORIAL TRADE SCHOOL

investigations of various kinds. As outlined by Singh

(2023), descriptive research design is a widely utilized

approach across various fields, and its main purpose is

to systematically observe and document all variables and

conditions that influence a particular phenomenon. This

allows researchers to obtain a nuanced understanding of

the variables involved. Additionally, descriptive

research aids in forming hypotheses, generating insights,

and laying the foundation for more in-depth

investigations.

Population, Sample Size, and Sampling Technique

The population of this study is the students at

Assemblywoman Felicita G. Bernardino Memorial Trade

School, under Senior High School, found at Lias, Marilao,

Bulacan. The Grade 12 Senior High School students is the

target population, and the sample population is the

students under each section of the strand Accountancy,

Business, Management (ABM).

The researchers obtain the sample through utilizing

Slovin’s formula and conducting stratified sampling

 ASSEMBLYWOMAN FELICITA G. BERNARDINO
MEMORIAL TRADE SCHOOL

technique to choose respondents among the sample

population which is the ABM students.

Slovin’s Formula:

𝑁
𝑛=
1 + 𝑁ⅇ 2
where:

n – size of the sample

N – size of the population
e – marginal error

Description of the Respondents

The respondents of the study are the six (6) sections

of Grade 12 students (male and female) of the school year

2023-2024, currently studying at Assemblywoman Felicita

G. Bernardino Memorial Trade School in Accountancy,

Business, and Management (ABM) Strand.

A population of two hundred fifty-four (254)

students that is enrolled in the Grade 12 ABM strand,

which is divided into six sections (6). In ABM section

1, we have a number of fourteen (14) male students and

(15) female students, for ABM 2, twelve (12) male students

and fourteen (14) female students, from ABM 3, eleven

(11) male students and thirteen (13) female students, for

 ASSEMBLYWOMAN FELICITA G. BERNARDINO
MEMORIAL TRADE SCHOOL

ABM 4, thirteen (13) male students and fourteen (14)

female students, from ABM 5, thirteen (13) male students

and thirteen (13) female students, and for the final

section which is the ABM section 6, ten (10) male students

and seventeen (17) female students, for a total of one

hundred sixty (160) respondents.

Table 1

Distribution of the Respondents

Section Male Female Total

ABM 1 14 15 29
ABM 2 12 14 26
ABM 3 11 13 24
ABM 4 13 14 27
ABM 5 13 13 26
ABM 6 10 17 27
Total 73 86 159

Research Instrument

The data is collected using a Likert scale survey

questionnaire with response options. According to McLeod

(2023), in its final form, the Likert scale is a five or

seven-point scale that allows individuals to express how

much they agree or disagree with a certain statement. The

Likert scale usually provides five possible responses to

 ASSEMBLYWOMAN FELICITA G. BERNARDINO
MEMORIAL TRADE SCHOOL

a statement or question, allowing respondents to express

their positive to negative level of agreement or feeling

about the question or statement.

Every level on the scale is given a numerical value

that could be used to evaluate the attitude being

considered, which typically begins at 1 and increases by

one for each level.

The survey questionnaire has two evaluation stages.

The first stage is based on the instructor's evaluation

of the Espinosa bamboo fountain pen, while the second

stage is based on the evaluation provided by students

regarding the researcher's product.

Scale Response
5 Strongly Agree
4 Agree
3 Neutral
2 Disagree
1 Strongly Disagree

The Likert Scale of 1 to 5 is used to interpret the

given responses, with the following interpretations. The

acceptability of the Espinosa Bamboo fountain pen is

determined by the assessments of the respondents. The

 ASSEMBLYWOMAN FELICITA G. BERNARDINO
MEMORIAL TRADE SCHOOL

range and descriptive equivalents listed below are used

to evaluate their assessment.

Range Descriptive Equivalent

4.30 – 5.00 Highly Accepted
3.50 – 4.29 Very Accepted
2.70 – 3.49 Accepted
1.80 – 2.69 Unaccepted
1.00 – 1.79 Highly Unaccepted

The design, quality, and price are all important

considerations in the evaluation. To determine whether

the product is acceptable, it must at least meet the

satisfactory level.

Data Gathering Procedure

For a total of two (2) grading periods (third and

fourth quarter) under the second semester of school year

2023-2024, the study shall develop the Espinosa bamboo

fountain pen that is to be assessed by the Grade 12 ABM

Students of Assemblywoman Felicita G. Bernardino Memorial

Trade School. The respondents shall assess the product

through quality, design, and price as to gather necessary

data for the study. The researcher shall then use

 ASSEMBLYWOMAN FELICITA G. BERNARDINO
MEMORIAL TRADE SCHOOL

Microsoft Excel so the data gathered can be easily

tabulated.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The main objective of the study is to determine

the acceptability of Espinosa bamboo fountain pen.

To determine the acceptability of the Espinosa

Bamboo Pen, the researchers considered the weighted

mean scores in the assessment of Grade 12 ABM students

of the Espinosa bamboo fountain pen.

Percentage:

𝑛
𝑥100%
𝑁

where:

n =size of the sample

N =size of the population

In getting the sample size, the researchers used

the formula of percentage. The percentage determines

the number of the students including male and female

per sections.
 ASSEMBLYWOMAN FELICITA G. BERNARDINO
MEMORIAL TRADE SCHOOL

Weighted Arithmetic Mean:

∑𝑓𝑥
𝑤𝑥̅ =
∑𝑓

where:

𝑊x̄ = weighted arithmetic mean

Σfx = sum of all the products of f (frequency) and x
(weight)
Σf = sum of all the subjects/respondents/cases

A weighted average or weighted arithmetic mean

gives differing importance to the values in a dataset.

By computing, it gives each value an equal weight

(Frost, 2023). This is to determine the responses given

by the respondents on Espinosa Bamboo Pen in different

aspects of evaluations.

Z-test:

̅−𝝁
𝒙
𝒛= 𝝈
√𝒏

where:

Z = z-score
x̄ = sample mean
μ = population mean
σ = standard deviation
n = sample size
 ASSEMBLYWOMAN FELICITA G. BERNARDINO
MEMORIAL TRADE SCHOOL

A z-test is a statistical test utilized to identify

whether two population means differ when the variances

are present, the standard deviation of the population is

unknown, and the sample size is greater than or equal to

30. Z-tests are efficient calculations to compare sample

and population means for determining statistically

significant difference. These calculations are capable

of proving or disproving claims or hypotheses. It

requires a random sample from a normally distributed

population and has a known mean (average) (Chen, 2023).