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ITE 12 Hands on

The document explains logical conditions and conditional statements in C programming, including 'if', 'else', 'else if', and 'switch' statements. It provides examples for each type of statement, illustrating their usage for decision-making based on conditions. Additionally, it covers nested if statements, demonstrating how to structure complex conditions within other conditions.

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erick paul o espina
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4 views3 pages

ITE 12 Hands on

The document explains logical conditions and conditional statements in C programming, including 'if', 'else', 'else if', and 'switch' statements. It provides examples for each type of statement, illustrating their usage for decision-making based on conditions. Additionally, it covers nested if statements, demonstrating how to structure complex conditions within other conditions.

Uploaded by

erick paul o espina
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ITE 12

Usual logical conditions from mathematics:


 Less than: a < b
 Less than or equal to: a <= b
 Greater than: a > b
 Greater than or equal to: a >= b
 Equal to a == b
 Not Equal to: a != b

Conditional statements:
 Use if to specify a block of code to be executed, if a specified condition is true
 Use else to specify a block of code to be executed, if the same condition is false
 Use else if to specify a new condition to test, if the first condition is false
 Use switch to specify many alternative blocks of code to be executed

if

The if statement in C is used for decision-making. It allows the program to execute a block of code only if a condition is true. If the condition
is false, the block is skipped.

if statement example:
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int num = 10;

if (num > 5) {
printf("Number is greater than 5.\n");
}

return 0;
}

if else
Best when conditions involve ranges (>, <, etc.) or multiple conditions (&&, ||).

Use if-else if:


✅ You need to check ranges (>, <, >=, <=).
✅ You need complex conditions (&&, ||).
✅ You are working with floating-point numbers or strings.

if else statement example:

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int num = 3;

if (num > 5) {
printf("Number is greater than 5.\n");
} else {
printf("Number is 5 or less.\n");
}
return 0 ;
}
ITE 12
if else if statement

if else if statement example:


______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int num = 3;

if (num > 5) {
printf ("Number is greater than 5.\n");
} else if (num == 5) {
printf("Number is exactly 5.\n");
} else {
printf("Number is less than 5.\n");
}
return 0;
}

Switch statement
The case keyword in a switch statement is used to define specific conditions (values) that a variable can match. It acts like individual "if"
conditions inside the switch, making the code more structured and efficient.

Use switch if:


✅ You are checking one variable against specific fixed values.
✅ You are using integers, characters, or enums (not floats or strings).
✅ You want a cleaner, more structured approach when there are many cases.

Switch statement example:


#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int num = 3;

switch (num) {
case 5:
printf("Number is exactly 5.\n");
break;
default:
if (num > 5) {
printf("Number is greater than 5.\n");
} else {
printf("Number is less than 5.\n");
}
break;
}
return 0;
}
Explanation:
 Since switch works best with exact values, we check for num == 5 directly.
 For values other than 5, we use default and handle the greater than or less than logic with an if-else.
 The break statement ensures execution does not fall through to other cases.
ITE 12

Nested if
In the programming context, the term "nesting" refers to enclosing a particular programming element inside another similar element. For example,
nested loops, nested structures, nested conditional statements, etc. If an if statement in C is employed inside another if statement, then we call it as
a nested if statement in C.

Nested if example:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int num = 3;

if (num > 5) {
printf("Number is greater than 5.\n");
} else {
if (num == 5) {
printf("Number is exactly 5.\n");
} else {
printf("Number is less than 5.\n");
}
}

return 0;
}
 The outer if checks if num > 5.
 If num is not greater than 5 (else block), an inner if checks if num == 5.
 If num is neither greater than 5 nor exactly 5, it must be less than 5, so the final else handles that case.

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