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CLASS - 9 MATHS

This document contains mathematics notes for Class 9, covering key topics such as Number Systems, Polynomials, Coordinate Geometry, and more. Each chapter outlines essential concepts, formulas, and definitions relevant to the subject. The notes serve as a comprehensive guide for students to understand and apply mathematical principles.

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Abinaya Kesavan
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33 views

CLASS - 9 MATHS

This document contains mathematics notes for Class 9, covering key topics such as Number Systems, Polynomials, Coordinate Geometry, and more. Each chapter outlines essential concepts, formulas, and definitions relevant to the subject. The notes serve as a comprehensive guide for students to understand and apply mathematical principles.

Uploaded by

Abinaya Kesavan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CLASS - 9

MATHEMATICS NOTES

Chapter 1: Number Systems


●​ Rational & Irrational Numbers
●​ Rational: Can be expressed as p/q, where q ≠ 0.
●​ Irrational: Cannot be expressed as p/q (e.g., √2, π).
●​ Real Numbers
●​ Combination of rational and irrational numbers.
●​ Laws of Exponents
●​ a^m × a^n = a^(m+n)
●​ (a^m)^n = a^(mn)
●​ a^0 = 1, etc.

Chapter 2: Polynomials
●​ Types of Polynomials
●​ Linear: ax + b
●​ Quadratic: ax² + bx + c
●​ Cubic: ax³ + bx² + cx + d
●​ Factorization
●​ Common factor method
●​ Splitting middle term
●​ Using identities:
●​ (a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b²
●​ (a - b)² = a² - 2ab + b²
●​ a² - b² = (a - b)(a + b)

Chapter 3: Coordinate Geometry


●​ Cartesian Plane (x-axis, y-axis, quadrants)
●​ Distance Formula:
●​ d = √[(x₂ - x₁)² + (y₂ - y₁)²]
●​ Midpoint Formula:
●​ M = ((x₁ + x₂)/2, (y₁ + y₂)/2)
●​ Section Formula:
●​ (mx₂ + nx₁) / (m + n), (my₂ + ny₁) / (m + n)

Chapter 4: Linear Equations in Two Variables


●​ Form: ax + by + c = 0
●​ Graphical Representation: Straight line
●​ Solution Methods:
●​ Substitution
●​ Elimination
●​ Cross multiplication

Chapter 5: Introduction to Euclid’s Geometry


●​ Axioms & Postulates (e.g., a line segment can be extended indefinitely)
●​ Basic Geometric Definitions (Point, Line, Plane, etc.)

Chapter 6: Lines and Angles


●​ Types of Angles
●​ Complementary (sum = 90°), Supplementary (sum = 180°)
●​ Adjacent, Linear pair, Vertically opposite
●​ Parallel Lines & Transversal Properties

Chapter 7: Triangles
●​ Types of Triangles: Equilateral, Isosceles, Scalene
●​ Congruency Rules:
●​ SSS, SAS, ASA, RHS
●​ Pythagoras Theorem: a² + b² = c² (Right-angled triangle)

Chapter 8: Quadrilaterals
●​ Properties of Parallelogram, Rhombus, Rectangle, Square
●​ Mid-point Theorem: Line joining midpoints of two sides of a triangle is
parallel to the third side.

Chapter 9: Circles
●​ Important Terms: Radius, Diameter, Chord, Arc, Sector, Segment
●​ Tangent Properties:
●​ A tangent is perpendicular to the radius at the point of contact.

Chapter 10: Heron’s Formula


●​ Area of Triangle:
●​ s = (a + b + c) / 2
●​ A = √[s(s - a)(s - b)(s - c)]
Chapter 11: Surface Areas and Volumes
●​ Formulas for 3D Shapes:
●​ Cube, Cuboid, Sphere, Cylinder, Cone, Hemisphere
●​ Total Surface Area & Volume

Chapter 12: Statistics


●​ Mean: Sum of observations / Number of observations
●​ Median: Middle value when arranged in order
●​ Mode: Most frequently occurring value

Chapter 13: Probability


●​ Basic Probability Formula:
●​ P(E) = (Number of favorable outcomes) / (Total outcomes)

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