PROBABILITY PRACTICE SET

!"#$% '()*"*$+$,-:
Q. Given P(A)=1/2., P(B)=1/3 , P(AB)=1/4.
(i) Find the values of the following probabilities P(A’), P(AUB), P (A/B), P(A’B), P(A’B’), P(A’UB)
(ii) State whether the vents A and B are (a) mutually exclusive , (b) exhaustive (c) equally likely (d) independent

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 PROBABILITY PRACTICE SET
!"-.! # /0.)(.1: If A1, A2, … , An be a given set of n pairwise mutually exclusive and exhaustive events then for any
event A where 2 3 ≠ 0
(i) 2(3) = 2(31)2(3/31) + 2(32) 2(3/32) + ⋯ + 2(3#)2(3/3#) = ∑%"#$ 2 3$ 2(3/3$ )
!
&! ' &! '
(ii) 2 &
=
' &
!!
, for i= 1 , 2 , , n

Q. In a bolt factory, machines A, B and C manufacture respectively 25%, 35% and 40% of the total of their output. 5%, 4% and 2% are
defective bolts. A bolt is drawn at random from the product and is found to be defective. What are the probability that it was
manufactured by machines A, Band C? [MAKAUT 2019, 2003]

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 STATISTICS PRACTICE SET
?@ABCD@B EF G@H/CAI /@HJ@HGK@B:
Q. The median and mode of the following frequency distribution are known to be 27 and 26 respectively. Find the values of A and B.

CLASS (MAKAUT 2019)

0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
INTERVAL
FREQUENCY 3 A 20 12 B

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 PROBABILITY PRACTICE SET
!"-.! # /0.)(.1: If A1, A2, … , An be a given set of n pairwise mutually exclusive and exhaustive events then for any
event A where 2 3 ≠ 0
(i) 2(3) = 2(31)2(3/31) + 2(32) 2(3/32) + ⋯ + 2(3L)2(3/3L) = ∑%"#$ 2 3$ 2(3/3M)
!
&! ' &! '
(ii) 2 &
=
' &
!!
, for i= 1 , 2 , , n

Q. An urn contains 10 white and 3 black balls, while another urn 3 white and 5 black balls. Two balls are drawn from the first urn and
put into the second urn and then a ball is drawn from the latter. What is the probability that it is a white ball ?

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 PROBABILITY PRACTICE SET
!"-.! # /0.)(.1: If A1, A2, … , An be a given set of n pairwise mutually exclusive and exhaustive events then for any
event A where 2 3 ≠ 0
(i) 2(3) = 2(31)2(3/31) + 2(32) 2(3/32) + ⋯ + 2(3L)2(3/3L) = ∑%"#$ 2 3$ 2(3/3M)
!
&! ' &! '
(ii) 2 &
=
' &
!!
, for i= 1 , 2 , , n

Q. A speaks the truth 3 out of 4 times and B 7 times out of 10. They agree in their statement that from a bag containing 6 balls of
different colours a white ball has been drawn. Find the probability that the statement is true.

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 STATISTICS PRACTICE SET
BA?'IKHN:
Q. The standard deviation of the marks obtained in Mathematics by 112 boys is found to be 13.2.Find the standard deviation (i.e. S.E) of
the sampling distribution of the statistic sample mean for a random sample of size 10
(i) taken with replacement
(ii) taken without replacement.

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 PROBABILITY PRACTICE SET
@OP)Q.Q,$"+ J$#,($*R,$)Q:
One parameters exponential distribution: A random variable X is said to have a two-parameter-exponential distribution if its
probability density function is given by
! " = $%%&' , " ≥ (
= (, %*+%,-%.%
where $ > 0 is the only parameter.
Theorem: If a continuous random variable X has exponential distribution with parameter $ > 0 then
( (
(i) the mean is (ii) the variance is ! . (HINT: ….. )
& &
Q. Suppose that during rainy season, on a tropical island, the length of shower has an exponential distribution with average length
of shower ½ mins. What is the probability that a shower will last more than three minutes ? If a shower has already lasted for 2
minutes, what is the probability that it will last for at least one more minute ? [MAKAUT 2019]

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 PROBABILITY PRACTICE SET
Normal J$#,($*R,$)Q: A random variable X is said to have a normal distribution if its probability density function is given by
/ '%) !
%
! " = % *+! , −∞ <"<∞
0 12
where 6 789 0 > 0 is the parameters.
Theorem: If a continuous random variable X has exponential distribution with parameter $ > 0 then
(i) the mean is 6 (ii) the variance is 0* . (HINT: ….. )
Q. The length of bolts produced by a machine is normally distributed with mean 4 and and s.d. 0.5. A bolt is defective if its length
does not lie in the interval (3.8, 4.3). Find the percentage of defective bolts produced by the machine.?
# #
, 0.2 %" , 0.3 %"
[ ∫ ; # <=
-. %/
= 0.7257 , ∫ ; # <=
-. %/
= 0.6554 ] [MAKAUT 2004]

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 PROBABILITY PRACTICE SET
Normal J$#,($*R,$)Q:
4%)
Theorem: If the continuous random variable X has normal distribution with parameter 6 789 0 then E = has standard normal
+
distribution. (HINT: ….. )

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 PROBABILITY PRACTICE SET
BA?'IKHN:
Q. From a normally distributed population samples are drawn of size 25. Given that the mean of the population is equal to the S.E of
the sample mean. Show that the probability of the mean of a sample of size 49 drawn from the same population will be negative is
0.0808.

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 PROBABILITY PRACTICE SET
BA?'IKHN:
Q. A normal population has a mean 0.1 and standard deviation 2.1.Find the probability that the mean of a sample of size 900 will be
negative. Given that P(|Z|<1.43) = 0.847. [W.B.U.T: 2012, 2008, 2019]

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 PROBABILITY PRACTICE SET
N"11" J$#,($*R,$)Q:
A random variable X is said to have Gamma distribution with parameters F, G, F > 0, G > 0 if its probability density function is given by
$%%&' $" 5%(
! " = ," ≥ (
I(*)
= (, %*+%,-%.%
/ %7 5%(
where I * = ∫6 % L 9L is the Gamma function.
Theorem: If a continuous random variable X has exponential distribution with parameter $ > 0 then
8 √5
(i) the mean is (ii) the variance is . (HINT: ….. )
& &
,
Q. If a random variable has the gamma distribution with parameter F = 2 MN< G = , find the mean and the standard deviation of this
:
distribution. Hence find the probability that the random variable will take a value less than 5.

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 PROBABILITY PRACTICE SET
S)$Q, '()*"*$+$,- J$#,($*R,$)Q:
Q. The joint pdf of a bivariate (X, Y) is
! ", O = P " + O , " > (, O > (, " + O < 1
= (, %*+%,-%.%
,
RSN< T MN< U(V < 1, X > ).
-

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 PROBABILITY PRACTICE SET
S)$Q, '()*"*$+$,- J$#,($*R,$)Q:
Q. The joint pdf of a bivariate (X, Y) is
! ", O = 1, ( < " < O < /
= (, %*+%,-%.%
Find
(i) marginal density of X and Y
(ii) conditional density of X given Y=y
(iii) conditional density of Ygiven X = x.
, , , -
(iv) U(X ≥ ⁄V = ) MN< U(V ≥ \X = ).
- : - :

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 PROBABILITY PRACTICE SET
/@B/KHN EF BKNHKFKGAHG@:
Q. In order to test whether a coin is perfect the coin is tossed 5 times. The null hypothesis of perfectness is rejected if more than 4
heads are obtained. What is the probability of Type I Error ? Find the probability of Type Il Error when the corresponding probability of
head IS 0.2. [W.B.U.T: 2007, 2019]

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 PROBABILITY PRACTICE SET
G0.*-#0.T'# KQ.VR"+$,-:
Q. Show by Chebycheff's inequality that in 2000 throws with a coin the probability that the number of heads lies between 900 and 1100
is at least 19/20 [MAKAUT 2002,2003,2007)

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