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Vitamin B3 (Niacin) is synthesized from tryptophan and is essential for metabolism, while also impacting cholesterol levels. Deficiency can lead to pellagra, characterized by diarrhea, dementia, and dermatitis. Vitamin A deficiency can cause serious eye conditions, and a prophylaxis program in India provides vitamin A to children to prevent blindness.

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Preeti Chouhan
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20 views

Document (46)

Vitamin B3 (Niacin) is synthesized from tryptophan and is essential for metabolism, while also impacting cholesterol levels. Deficiency can lead to pellagra, characterized by diarrhea, dementia, and dermatitis. Vitamin A deficiency can cause serious eye conditions, and a prophylaxis program in India provides vitamin A to children to prevent blindness.

Uploaded by

Preeti Chouhan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Vitamin B3 (Niacin or Nicotinic Acid)

1.Niacin is synthesized by an essential amino acid, tryptophan.

2.About 6Omg of tryptophan is required for Img of niacin.

3.It forms two co-enzymes NAD (nicotinam ide adenine dinucleotide) &
NADH, which is essential for metabolism of carbohydrate, protein & fat.

4.Niacin (B3) also lowers the production of VLDL lipoproteins (precursors


to LDIL lipoproteins, a bad cholesterol), increases blood HDL lipoproteins
(a good cholesterol) and reduces blood triglycerides.

5.Sources – Organ meat (liver., kidaey), fish, poultry, legumes, groundnut


& milk.

Milk and eggs are poor source of niacin but its protein contains EAA
tryptophan, which is converted into niacin into body.

6.Deficiency - Niacin deficiencies cause pellagra disease. Which is


characterized by 3 D's (diarrhea, dementia and dermatitis).4 D- Death. It
is a disease of the maize eating population because niacin in maize
present in bounded form that becomes unavailable to consumers.

Dose of vitamin A prophylaxis for control of blondness in children to a five


year is:

A.100,000 IU

B.200,000 IU

C.300,000 IU

D.400,000 IU

Answer: B.200,000 IU

Explanation

1.Vitamin A (Retinol)-It is fat soluble vitamin formed with in the body


(liver or internal mucosa) from carotene (yellow pigmentation of
plants,which are also called provitamin
2.Liver have enoug capacity to store vitamin A to meet needs for 6
to 9 months
3.Deficiency disease-Conjunctival xerosis -Dryness of conjunctiva
(a membrane which covers the eyeball and inner sides of eyelids). It
is the first clinical sign of vitamin A deficiency.
Bitot's spot - Triangular, pearly white or yellowish, foamy spots on
conjunctiva on either side of cornea.
Corneal xerosis -The cornea become dry and eventualy become
opaque. It is a serious condition.

Keratomalacia - Liquefaction or extremely softening of cornea called


keratomalacia. k is a grave medical emergency. All above ocular
manifestation of vitamin A deficiency from night blindness to
keratomalacia called zerophthalmia (dry eye).

The most frequent cause of blindness in developed countries are


accidents, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, hypertensive retinopathy and
cataract.

. a south-east Asia like India, the principal cause of blindness is


cataract, responsible for 62.6% of all cases.

Vitamin A deficiency, which is responsible for most of childhood


blindness now declining slowly.

Early stage of xerophthalmia can be reversed by administration of


a massive dose of 200,000 IU or 110mg retinol

palmitate orally on two successive days.

Child can be immunized against xerophthalmia by administering


200,000 IU of vitamin A at 6 months interval from

I to 6 year of age and a half dose (100,000 IU) between 6 to 12


months.

Daily requirement-

Daily intake of vitamin A according ICMR (2010) are

o Infant - 350pg

O School age (7-12 year), adolescent and adult men & women –
600 pg.

Preschool age group (1 to 6 year) – 400 ug

Women with lactation 950 ug and Women with pregnancy 800 Pg.

Toxicity

An excess intake may cause nausea, vomiting, anorexia, skin


desquamation and teratogenic effects.
1. Vitamin A Prophylaxis Programme

Programme launched by ministry of health and family welfare, Govt. of


India in1970 to control blindness

In this programme 9 dose of vitamin A given to under five children at


every six months through health worker

9 Month: - 1 Lac IU (55mg. retinol palmitate).

16, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54 & 60 month: - 2 Lac IU(110mg retinol palmitate).

Specific deficiency disease.

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