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digestive system

The human digestive system is a complex tube from mouth to anus that breaks down food for absorption and elimination, involving key organs such as the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Accessory organs like the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas play vital roles in digestion and nutrient absorption. The digestion process includes ingestion, propulsion, mechanical and chemical digestion, absorption, and defecation.

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digestive system

The human digestive system is a complex tube from mouth to anus that breaks down food for absorption and elimination, involving key organs such as the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Accessory organs like the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas play vital roles in digestion and nutrient absorption. The digestion process includes ingestion, propulsion, mechanical and chemical digestion, absorption, and defecation.

Uploaded by

gabek1201briagas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The human digestive system, a long tube from mouth to anus, breaks down

food into smaller molecules for absorption and elimination, involving organs
like the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.

Here's a more detailed look:

Key Organs and Their Roles:

 Mouth:

Where food intake begins, with teeth mechanically breaking down food and
saliva starting chemical digestion.

 Esophagus:

A muscular tube that propels food from the mouth to the stomach through
peristalsis (wave-like muscle contractions).

 Stomach:

A muscular organ that churns food and mixes it with gastric juices, breaking
down proteins and preparing it for further digestion.

 Small Intestine:

A long, coiled tube where most nutrient absorption occurs. It consists of the
duodenum (where further digestion happens), jejunum, and ileum (where
nutrients are absorbed).

 Large Intestine (Colon):

Absorbs water and electrolytes, forming solid waste (feces) that is then
eliminated.

 Rectum:

The final section of the digestive tract, where feces are stored before
elimination.

 Anus:

The opening through which feces are expelled.

Accessory Organs:

 Liver:

Produces bile, which helps in fat digestion, and filters toxins from the blood.

 Gallbladder:
Stores and concentrates bile, releasing it into the small intestine when
needed.

 Pancreas:

Produces enzymes that aid in digestion and hormones that regulate blood
sugar levels.

Processes of Digestion:

 Ingestion: The process of taking food into the body through the
mouth.

 Propulsion: The movement of food through the digestive tract via


peristalsis.

 Mechanical Digestion: The physical breakdown of food into smaller


pieces (e.g., chewing, churning).

 Chemical Digestion: The breakdown of food molecules into smaller


molecules by enzymes and acids (e.g., in the stomach and small
intestine).

 Absorption: The process by which digested nutrients pass from the


small intestine into the bloodstream.

 Defecation: The elimination of solid waste from the body.

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