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UNITS & DIMENSIONS 2

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LIVE Poll
A B C D
The potential energy of a particle is given by the expression
U(x) = –αx + βsin(x/ɣ). A dimensionless combination of the
constants α, β and ɣ is:
A. α/βɣ
B. α2/βα
C. ɣ/βα
D. αɣ/β
Dimensional
Analysis
How is Dimensional Analysis used?
To establish relationship between related physical quantities.

vacuum
P is dependent on h, ρ, g

ρ
h
g

P
Establish the relation P = hρg

P → Hydrostatic Pressure
h → Height of liquid volume
ρ → Density
g → acceleration due to gravity
How is dimensional analysis used?
To establish the relation P = hρg

Let us assume that,

P = k hx ρy gz

Dimensions of P = [M1L–1 T–2]

Dimensions of h = [M0 L1 T0]

Dimensions of ρ = [M1 L–3 T0]

P → Hydrostatic Pressure
Dimensions of g = [M0 L1 T–2]
h → Height of liquid volume
ρ → Density
g → acceleration due to gravity
How is dimensional analysis used?
∴ our equation becomes,

[M1 L–1 T–2] = k[M0 L1T0]x [M1 L–3 T0]y [M0 L1 T–2]z

∴ [M1 L–1 T–2] = k[My Lx – 3y + z T–2Z ]

Value of ‘k’ which is a
Comparing L.H.S and R.H.S, constant cannot be found
y = 1 using dimensional analysis,
x – 3y + z = –1 ⇒ it can be found
–2z = –2 out experimentally.
∴ z=1 ∴ x=1
Substituting these values,

P = k h1ρ1g1
Here, k = 1

∴ p=hρg
It has been observed that velocity of ripple waves produced in water depends upon
their Wavelength (λ), Density of water (ρ) & Surface Tension (S).

Prove that
Force
Surface tension =
Length
 It has been observed that velocity of ripple waves produced in water
depends upon their Wavelength (λ), Density of water (ρ) and Surface
Tension (S).

Prove that Force

Surface tension =
Length

Solution:

According to the problem,

v ∝ λa ρb Sc

⇒ v = k λa ρ b S c
Where k is a dimensionless constant.

⇒ LT–1 = La (ML–3)b (MT–2)c

⇒ M0L1T–1 = Mb+c La–3b T–2c

⇒ M0L1T–1 = Mb+c La–3b T–2c

Using the principle of Homogeneity, we get

b+c = 0, a – 3b = 1, – 2c = –1

Solving these equations we get,

a = – 1 , b = – 1 , c = 1
2 2 2

So, the relation becomes,

v = k λ–1/2 ρ–1/2 S1/2

⇒ v∝ √ S
λρ ⇒ v2 ∝
S
λρ
 JEE Advanced 2023
Young's modulus of elasticity Y is expressed in terms of three
derived quantities, namely, the gravitational constant G, Planck's
constant h and the speed of light c, as Y = cαhβGɣ. Which of the
following is the correct option?
A. α = 7, β = -1, ɣ = -2
B. α = -7, β = -1, ɣ = -2
C. α = 7, β = -1, ɣ = 2
D. α = -7, β = 1, ɣ = -2
 JEE Main 2019
If speed (V), acceleration (A) and force (F) are considered as
fundamental units, the dimension of Young’s modulus will be -
A. V-2A2F-2
B. V-2A2F2
C. V-4A2F
D. V-4A-2F
Solution:
 JEE Main 2023
The frequency (v) of an oscillating liquid drop may depend upon
radius (r) of the drop, density (ρ) of liquid and the surface tension (s)
of the liquid as: v = raρbsc. The values of a, b and c respectively are
A. (-3/2, -1/2, 1/2)
B. (3/2, -1/2, 1/2)
C. (3/2, 1/2, -1/2)
D. (-3/2, 1/2, 1/2)
Rounding Off
ROUND OFF 7.865 upto 2 Decimal Places !

A.7.85
B.7.86
C.7.87
D.7.90
Rounding Off
Round Off

If the removed part is

5 or
50 or
500 or GOLDEN TIP
5000 or
50000 or
500000….and so on
ENSURE we are EVEN (Units Place)
Rounding Off
Round Off

If the removed part is

5 or
50 or
500 or GOLDEN TIP
5000 or
50000 or
500000….and so on
ENSURE we are EVEN (Units Place)
Order of Magnitude
Order of Magnitude

SQUEEZE the LEMON to MAX

Find the Order of Magnitude

1. 32678 2. 921 3. 0.000069109

Find the Order of Magnitude

(1) 32678 = 3.2678 × 104

Order of
less than 5 magnitude 4

(2) 921 = 9.21 × 102 ≈ 103

Order of
Greater than 5 magnitude 3
Actual Weight
76 Kg 75.17 Kg

76.3 kg
 What are Significant Figures?
The significant figures of a number are digits that carry meaningful contribution
to its measurement resolution.
It is equal to the number of digits that are known with some degree of confidence.
 A) Non Decimal Number

001200300000
 B) Decimal Number

0012.0300000
The number of significant figures in 3400 is
A. 3

3400
B. 1
C. 4
D. 2
The significant figures in the number 6.00230 are

A. 6

6.00230
B. 5
C. 4
D. 3
The significant figures in the number 0.00000 are

A. 0

0.00000
B. 1
C. 2
D. 6
The significant figures in the number 0.010200 are

A. 6

0.010200
B. 1
C. 2
D. 5
A) Addition/Subtraction - Significant

1 + 1.1 + 2.900 - 3.0 + 0.37

1. First COMPUTE normally

2. ROUND OFF Result based on min. decimal places present in given numbers
Practice!

1. 4 + 16

2. 4.2 + 6.18

3. 4.00 + 3.162

4. 0.92 + 4
Solution: sigfigscalculator.com
Calculations considering Significant figures
(A) Addition/Subtraction Rules (considering SF) This has to be
rounded off

(1) 4 + 16 = 20 (2) 4.2 + 6.18 = 10.38 → 10.4

4.2 has only 1 digit in decimal

(3) 4.00 + 3.162 = 7.162 (4) 0.92 + 4 = 4.92 Round

= 7.16 off
=5
2 No decimal
decimal No decimal
The mass of box is 2.3 kg. 2 marbles of masses 2.15g and 12.48g are added
to it. Total mass of box is
A. 2.3438 kg
B. 2.3428 kg
C. 2.34 kg
D. 2.31 kg
B) Multiplication/Division Rules- Significant

2 x 3.21

1. First COMPUTE normally

2. ROUND OFF Result based on min. Sig Figs present in given numbers
Practice!

1. 4.2 x 0.2

2. 2 x 6

3. 4.2 / 2.1

4. 1.6 x 1.6
 Solution:

Calculations considering Significant figures

(A) Multiplication/Division Rules (considering SF)

(1) 4.2 × 0.2 = 0.84 (2) 2 × 6 = 12

Round ( SF 2 )
off = 1.2 × 101 ( SF 2 )
0.8
SF 2 SF 1 SF 1 ( SF 1 )
= 1 × 101 or 10
(least) (SF → 1)

4.2
(3) =2 ( SF 1 ) (4) 1.6 × 1.6 = 2.56 ( SF 3 )
2.1 = 2.6 ( SF 2 )
= 2.0 ( SF 2 )
The radius of disc is 1.2 cm. Its area according to significant figures is

A. 4.5216 cm2
B. 4.521 cm2
C. 4.52 cm2
D. 4.5 cm2
A. 1.414
B. 1.4
C. 1.0
D. 1
 The length and breadth of a metal sheet are 3.124 m & 3.002 m
respectively. The area of this sheet upto correct significant figure is
A. 9.378 m2
B. 9.37 m2
C. 9.4 m2
D. None of These
 JEE Main 2019
The area of a square is 5.29 cm2. The area of 7 such squares taking into
account the significant figures is
A. 37.03 cm2
B. 37.0 cm2
C. 37.030 cm2
D. 37 cm2
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