Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and

Dynamics 11th Edition by Ferdinand P. Beer ( PDF

eBook ) (eBook PDF) instant download

https://ebooksecure.com/product/vector-mechanics-for-engineers-
statics-and-dynamics-11th-edition-by-ferdinand-p-beer-pdf-ebook-
ebook-pdf/

Download more ebook from https://ebooksecure.com

We believe these products will be a great fit for you. Click
the link to download now, or visit ebooksecure.com
to discover even more!

Vector Mechanics For Engineers: Dynamics 11th Edition

Ferdinand P. Beer - eBook PDF

https://ebooksecure.com/download/vector-mechanics-for-engineers-
dynamics-ebook-pdf/

(eBook PDF) Vector Mechanics for Engineers Statics and

Dynamics 11th

http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-vector-mechanics-for-
engineers-statics-and-dynamics-11th/

Vector Mechanics for Engineers 12th Edition Ferdinand

Pierre Beer - eBook PDF

https://ebooksecure.com/download/vector-mechanics-for-engineers-
ebook-pdf/

(eBook PDF) Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and

Dynamics 12th Edition

http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-vector-mechanics-for-
engineers-statics-and-dynamics-12th-edition/
Statics and Mechanics of Materials 2nd Edition
Ferdinand P. Beer - eBook PDF

https://ebooksecure.com/download/statics-and-mechanics-of-
materials-ebook-pdf/

(Original PDF) Statics and Mechanics of Materials 2nd

Edition by Ferdinand Beer

http://ebooksecure.com/product/original-pdf-statics-and-
mechanics-of-materials-2nd-edition-by-ferdinand-beer/

ISE Statics and Mechanics of Materials (ISE HED

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING) 3rd Edition Ferdinand P. Beer -
eBook PDF

https://ebooksecure.com/download/ise-statics-and-mechanics-of-
materials-ise-hed-mechanical-engineering-ebook-pdf/

(eBook PDF) Mechanics of Materials 8th Edition by

Ferdinand Beer

http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-mechanics-of-
materials-8th-edition-by-ferdinand-beer/

Progress in Heterocyclic Chemistry Volume 29 1st

Edition - eBook PDF

https://ebooksecure.com/download/progress-in-heterocyclic-
chemistry-ebook-pdf/
 Contents vii

4 Equilibrium of Rigid Bodies 169

4.1 Equilibrium in Two Dimensions 172
4.2 Two Special Cases 195
4.3 Equilibrium in Three Dimensions 204
Review and Summary 225
Review Problems 227

5 Distributed Forces: Centroids and

Centers of Gravity 230
5.1 Planar Centers of Gravity and Centroids 232
5.2 Further Considerations of Centroids 249
5.3 Additional Applications of Centroids 262
5.4 Centers of Gravity and Centroids of Volumes 273
Review and Summary 291
Review Problems 295

6 Analysis of Structures 297

6.1 Analysis of Trusses 299
6.2 Other Truss Analyses 317
6.3 Frames 330
6.4 Machines 348
Review and Summary 361
Review Problems 364

7 Internal Forces and Moments 367

7.1 Internal Forces in Members 368
7.2 Beams 378
7.3 Relations Among Load, Shear, and Bending
Moment 391
*7.4 Cables 403
*7.5 Catenary Cables 416
Review and Summary 424
Review Problems 427

bee98242_FM_i-xxii.indd vii 12/3/14 11:10 AM

 viii Contents

8 Friction 429
8.1 The Laws of Dry Friction 431
8.2 Wedges and Screws 450
*8.3 Friction on Axles, Disks, and Wheels 459
8.4 Belt Friction 469
Review and Summary 479
Review Problems 482

9 Distributed Forces: Moments of

Inertia 485
9.1 Moments of Inertia of Areas 487
9.2 Parallel-Axis Theorem and Composite Areas 498
*9.3 Transformation of Moments of Inertia 513
*9.4 Mohr’s Circle for Moments of Inertia 523
9.5 Mass Moments of Inertia 529
*9.6 Additional Concepts of Mass Moments of Inertia 549
Review and Summary 564
Review Problems 570

10 Method of Virtual Work 573

*10.1 The Basic Method 574
*10.2 Work, Potential Energy, and Stability 595
Review and Summary 609
Review Problems 612

11 Kinematics of Particles 615

11.1 Rectilinear Motion of Particles 617
11.2 Special Cases and Relative Motion 635
*11.3 Graphical Solutions 652
11.4 Curvilinear Motion of Particles 663
11.5 Non-Rectangular Components 690
Review and Summary 711
Review Problems 715

*Advanced or specialty topics

bee98242_FM_i-xxii.indd viii 12/3/14 11:10 AM

 Contents ix

12 Kinetics of Particles:
Newton’s Second Law 718
12.1 Newton’s Second Law and Linear Momentum 720
12.2 Angular Momentum and Orbital Motion 763
*12.3 Applications of Central-Force Motion 774
Review and Summary 788
Review Problems 792

13 Kinetics of Particles: Energy and

Momentum Methods 795
13.1 Work and Energy 797
13.2 Conservation of Energy 827
13.3 Impulse and Momentum 855
13.4 Impacts 877
Review and Summary 905
Review Problems 911

14 Systems of Particles 915

14.1 Applying Newton’s Second Law and Momentum
Principles to Systems of Particles 917
14.2 Energy and Momentum Methods for a System of
Particles 936
*14.3 Variable Systems of Particles 950
Review and Summary 970
Review Problems 974

15 Kinematics of Rigid Bodies 977

15.1 Translation and Fixed Axis Rotation 980
15.2 General Plane Motion: Velocity 997
15.3 Instantaneous Center of Rotation 1015
15.4 General Plane Motion: Acceleration 1029
15.5 Analyzing Motion with Respect to a Rotating
Frame 1048
*15.6 Motion of a Rigid Body in Space 1065
*15.7 Motion Relative to a Moving Reference Frame 1082
Review and Summary 1097
Review Problems 1104

bee98242_FM_i-xxii.indd ix 12/3/14 11:10 AM

 x Contents

16 Plane Motion of Rigid Bodies:

Forces and Accelerations 1107
16.1 Kinetics of a Rigid Body 1109
16.2 Constrained Plane Motion 1144
Review and Summary 1085
Review Problems 1087

17 Plane Motion of Rigid Bodies: Energy

and Momentum Methods 1181
17.1 Energy Methods for a Rigid Body 1183
17.2 Momentum Methods for a Rigid Body 1211
17.3 Eccentric Impact 1234
Review and Summary 1256
Review Problems 1260

18 Kinetics of Rigid Bodies

in Three Dimensions 1264
18.1 Energy and Momentum of a Rigid Body 1266
*18.2 Motion of a Rigid Body in Three Dimensions 1285
*18.3 Motion of a Gyroscope 1305
Review and Summary 1323
Review Problems 1328

19 Mechanical Vibrations 1332

19.1 Vibrations without Damping 1334
19.2 Free Vibrations of Rigid Bodies 1350
19.3 Applying the Principle of Conservation of Energy 1364
19.4 Forced Vibrations 1375
19.5 Damped Vibrations 1389
Review and Summary 1403
Review Problems 1408

Appendix: Fundamentals of Engineering Examination A1

Answers to Problems AN1
Photo Credits C1
Index I1

bee98242_FM_i-xxii.indd x 12/3/14 11:10 AM

 Preface
Objectives
A primary objective in a first course in mechanics is to help develop a
student’s ability first to analyze problems in a simple and logical manner, NEW!
and then to apply basic principles to their solutions. A strong conceptual
The 11th edition has undergone a complete
understanding of these basic mechanics principles is essential for success- rewrite to modernize and streamline the
fully solving mechanics problems. We hope this text will help instructors language throughout the text.
achieve these goals.

General Approach
Vector algebra was introduced at the beginning of the first volume and is
used in the presentation of the basic principles of statics, as well as in the
solution of many problems, particularly three-dimensional problems. Simi-
larly, the concept of vector differentiation will be introduced early in this
volume, and vector analysis will be used throughout the presentation of
dynamics. This approach leads to more concise derivations of the fundamen-
tal principles of mechanics. It also makes it possible to analyze many prob-
lems in kinematics and kinetics which could not be solved by scalar methods.
The emphasis in this text, however, remains on the correct understanding of
the principles of mechanics and on their application to the solution of engi-
neering problems, and vector analysis is presented chiefly as a convenient
tool.†

Practical Applications Are Introduced Early. One of the

characteristics of the approach used in this book is that mechanics of
particles is clearly separated from the mechanics of rigid bodies. This
approach makes it possible to consider simple practical applications at an
early stage and to postpone the introduction of the more difficult concepts.
For example:
2.2 ADDING FORCES BY
COMPONENTS
• In Statics, the statics of particles is treated first, and the principle of In Sec. 2.1E, we described how to resolve a force into components. Here we
discuss how to add forces by using their components, especially rectangular
equilibrium of a particle was immediately applied to practical situa- components. This method is often the most convenient way to add forces
and, in practice, is the most common approach. (Note that we can readily

tions involving only concurrent forces. The statics of rigid bodies is extend the properties of vectors established in this section to the rectangular
components of any vector quantity, such as velocity or momentum.)
y

considered later, at which time the vector and scalar products of two 2.2A Rectangular Components of a
Force: Unit Vectors
vectors were introduced and used to define the moment of a force In many problems, it is useful to resolve a force into two components that Fy
F
are perpendicular to each other. Figure 2.14 shows a force F resolved into
about a point and about an axis. a component Fx along the x axis and a component Fy along the y axis.
The parallelogram drawn to obtain the two components is a rectangle, and
␪
O Fx x

• In Dynamics, the same division is observed. The basic concepts of Fx and Fy are called rectangular components.
The x and y axes are usually chosen to be horizontal and vertical,
respectively, as in Fig. 2.14; they may, however, be chosen in any two Fig. 2.14 Rectangular components of a
force F.
force, mass, and acceleration, of work and energy, and of impulse perpendicular directions, as shown in Fig. 2.15. In determining the
y

and momentum are introduced and first applied to problems involv- F

x
ing only particles. Thus, students can familiarize themselves with Fy ␪
Fx

the three basic methods used in dynamics and learn their respective O

Fig. 2.15 Rectangular components of a force F

advantages before facing the difficulties associated with the motion of for axes rotated away from horizontal and vertical.

rigid bodies.
†
In a parallel text, Mechanics for Engineers, fifth edition, the use of vector algebra is limited
to the addition and subtraction of vectors, and vector differentiation is omitted.
xi

bee87302_ch02_015-081.indd 29 09/07/14 4:37 PM

bee98242_FM_i-xxii.indd xi 12/3/14 11:10 AM

 xii Preface

New Concepts Are Introduced in Simple Terms. Since this

17.1 ENERGY METHODS FOR A text is designed for the first course in dynamics, new concepts are pre-
RIGID BODY
We now use the principle of work and energy to analyze the plane motion
sented in simple terms and every step is explained in detail. On the other
of rigid bodies. As we pointed out in Chap. 13, the method of work and hand, by discussing the broader aspects of the problems considered, and
energy is particularly well adapted to solving problems involving veloci-
ties and displacements. Its main advantage is that the work of forces and by stressing methods of general applicability, a definite maturity of
the kinetic energy of particles are scalar quantities.
approach has been achieved. For example, the concept of potential energy
17.1A Principle of Work and Energy is discussed in the general case of a conservative force. Also, the study of
To apply the principle of work and energy to the motion of a rigid body,
we again assume that the rigid body is made up of a large number n of
the plane motion of rigid bodies is designed to lead naturally to the study
particles of mass Dmi. From Eq. (14.30) of Sec. 14.2B, we have of their general motion in space. This is true in kinematics as well as in
Principle of work
and energy, rigid body
kinetics, where the principle of equivalence of external and effective forces
is applied directly to the analysis of plane motion, thus facilitating the
T1 1 U1y2 5 T2 (17.1)
transition to the study of three-dimensional motion.
where T1, T2 5 the initial and final values of total kinetic energy of
particles forming the rigid body
U1y2 5 work of all forces acting on various particles of the body Fundamental Principles Are Placed in the Context of
Just as we did in Chap. 13, we can express the work done by nonconser-
vative forces as U NC
Simple Applications. The fact that mechanics is essentially a deduc-
1 y2, and we can define potential energy terms for con-
servative forces. Then we can express Eq. (17.1) as tive science based on a few fundamental principles is stressed. Derivations
T1 1 Vg1 1 Ve1 1 U NC
1 y2 5 T2 1 Vg2 1 Ve2 (17.19) have been presented in their logical sequence and with all the rigor war-
where Vg1 and Vg2 are the initial and final gravitational potential energy of ranted at this level. However, the learning process being largely inductive,
the center of mass of the rigid body with respect to a reference point or
datum, and Ve1 and Ve2 are the initial and final values of the elastic energy simple applications are considered first. For example:
associated with springs in the system.
We obtain the total kinetic energy
• The statics of particles precedes the statics of rigid bodies, and prob-
O
n
T5
1
Dmi v 2i (17.2) lems involving internal forces are postponed until Chap. 6.
2 i51
• In Chap. 4, equilibrium problems involving only coplanar forces
by adding positive scalar quantities, so it is itself a positive scalar quantity.
You will see later how to determine T for various types of motion of a are considered first and solved by ordinary algebra, while problems
rigid body.
The expression U1y2 in Eq. (17.1) represents the work of all the involving three-dimensional forces and requiring the full use of vector
forces acting on the various particles of the body whether these forces are
internal or external. However, the total work of the internal forces holding
algebra are discussed in the second part of the chapter.
together the particles of a rigid body is zero. To see this, consider two • The kinematics of particles (Chap. 11) precedes the kinematics of
particles A and B of a rigid body and the two equal and opposite forces F
and –F they exert on each other (Fig. 17.1). Although, in general, small rigid bodies (Chap. 15).
displacements dr and dr9 of the two particles are different, the components
of these displacements along AB must be equal; otherwise, the particles • The fundamental principles of the kinetics of rigid bodies are first
would not remain at the same distance from each other and the body
would not be rigid. Therefore, the work of F is equal in magnitude and
applied to the solution of two-dimensional problems (Chaps. 16
and 17), which can be more easily visualized by the student, while
three-dimensional problems are postponed until Chap. 18.

bee87342_ch17_1091-1173.indd 1093
The Presentation of the Principles of Kinetics Is Unified.
10/11/14 4:13 PM

The eleventh edition of Vector Mechanics for Engineers retains the unified
presentation of the principles of kinetics which characterized the previous
ten editions. The concepts of linear and angular momentum are introduced
in Chap. 12 so that Newton’s second law of motion can be presented not
only in its conventional form F 5 ma, but also as a law relating, respec-
tively, the sum of the forces acting on a particle and the sum of their
moments to the rates of change of the linear and angular momentum of
the particle. This makes possible an earlier introduction of the principle
of conservation of angular momentum and a more meaningful discussion
of the motion of a particle under a central force (Sec. 12.3A). More
importantly, this approach can be readily extended to the study of the
motion of a system of particles (Chap. 14) and leads to a more concise
and unified treatment of the kinetics of rigid bodies in two and three
dimensions (Chaps. 16 through 18).

Systematic Problem-Solving Approach. New to this edition of

NEW! the text, all the sample problems are solved using the steps of Strategy,
Modeling, Analysis, and Reflect & Think, or the “SMART” approach.

bee98242_FM_i-xxii.indd xii 12/3/14 11:10 AM

 Preface xiii
This methodology is intended to give students confidence when approaching
new problems, and students are encouraged to apply this approach in the
solution of all assigned problems.

Free-Body Diagrams Are Used Both to Solve Equilibrium

Problems and to Express the Equivalence of Force
Systems. Free-body diagrams were introduced early in statics, and their
importance was emphasized throughout. They were used not only to solve
equilibrium problems but also to express the equivalence of two systems
of forces or, more generally, of two systems of vectors. In dynamics we
will introduce a kinetic diagram, which is a pictorial representation of
inertia terms. The advantage of this approach becomes apparent in the
study of the dynamics of rigid bodies, where it is used to solve three-
dimensional as well as two-dimensional problems. By placing the empha-
sis on the free-body diagram and kinetic diagram, rather than on the
standard algebraic equations of motion, a more intuitive and more com-
plete understanding of the fundamental principles of dynamics can be
achieved. This approach, which was first introduced in 1962 in the first
edition of Vector Mechanics for Engineers, has now gained wide accep-
tance among mechanics teachers in this country. It is, therefore, used in
preference to the method of dynamic equilibrium and to the equations
of motion in the solution of all sample problems in this book.

A Careful Balance between SI and U.S. Customary Units y Sample Problem 3.10
Is Consistently Maintained. Because of the current trend in the 75 mm 45º
1000 N Three cables are attached to a bracket as shown. Replace the forces
exerted by the cables with an equivalent force-couple system at A.
45º

American government and industry to adopt the international system of 50 mm

50 mm
A
B
C STRATEGY: First determine the relative position vectors drawn from
point A to the points of application of the various forces and resolve the
forces into rectangular components. Then sum the forces and moments.
units (SI metric units), the SI units most frequently used in mechanics are 700 N
30º
1200 N

60º
MODELING and ANALYSIS: Note that FB 5 (700 N)lBE where
100 mm 
75i 2 150j 1 50k
introduced in Chap. 1 and are used throughout the text. Approximately half O D
x
lBE 5
BE
BE
5
175
Using meters and newtons, the position and force vectors are
of the sample problems and 60 percent of the homework problems are 100 mm 
rB/A 5 AB 5 0.075i 1 0.050k

FB 5 300i 2 600j 1 200k
z rC/A 5 AC 5 0.075i 2 0.050k FC 5 707i 2 707k
stated in these units, while the remainder are in U.S. customary units. The E(150 mm, –50 mm, 100 mm) 
rD/A 5 AD 5 0.100i 2 0.100j FD 5 600i 1 1039j
The force-couple system at A equivalent to the given forces con-
authors believe that this approach will best serve the need of the students, sists of a force R 5 oF and a couple MRA 5 o(r 3 F). Obtain the
force R by adding respectively the x, y, and z components of the forces:
R 5 oF 5 (1607 N)i 1 (439 N)j 2 (507 N)k b
who, as engineers, will have to be conversant with both systems of units. (continued)

It also should be recognized that using both SI and U.S. customary

units entails more than the use of conversion factors. Since the SI system R – 9.79 j Remark: Since all the forces are contained in the plane of the figure,
you would expect the sum of their moments to be perpendicular to that
A
of units is an absolute system based on the units of time, length, and mass,
bee87302_ch03_082-168.indd 145

O
9.04 i 70 ft
plane. Note that you could obtain the moment of each force component 11/8/14
directly from the diagram by first forming the product of its magnitude
9:54 AM

and perpendicular distance to O and then assigning to this product a posi-

whereas the U.S. customary system is a gravitational system based on the x

Fig. 3 Point of application of

tive or a negative sign, depending upon the sense of the moment.
b. Single Tugboat. The force exerted by a single tugboat must be equal
units of time, length, and force, different approaches are required for the single tugboat to create same
effect as given force system.
to R, and its point of application A must be such that the moment of R
about O is equal to MRO (Fig. 3). Observing that the position vector of A is
r 5 xi 1 70j
solution of many problems. For example, when SI units are used, a body you have
r 3 R 5 MRO
is generally specified by its mass expressed in kilograms; in most prob- (xi 1 70j) 3 (9.04i 2 9.79j) 5 21035k
2x(9.79)k 2 633k 5 21035k x 5 41.1 ft b
lems of statics it will be necessary to determine the weight of the body REFLECT and THINK: Reducing the given situation to that of a single
force makes it easier to visualize the overall effect of the tugboats in
in newtons, and an additional calculation will be required for this purpose. maneuvering the ocean liner. But in practical terms, having four boats
applying force allows for greater control in slowing and turning a large
ship in a crowded harbor.
On the other hand, when U.S. customary units are used, a body is speci-
fied by its weight in pounds and, in dynamics problems, an additional
calculation will be required to determine its mass in slugs (or lb?s2/ft).
The authors, therefore, believe that problem assignments should include
both systems of units.
The Instructor’s and Solutions Manual provides six different lists of
assignments so that an equal number of problems stated in SI units and
in U.S. customary units can be selected. If so desired, two complete lists
of assignments can also be selected with up to 75 percent of the problems
stated in SI units.

bee87302_ch03_082-168.indd 145 11/8/14 9:54 AM

bee98242_FM_i-xxii.indd xiii 12/3/14 11:10 AM

 xiv Preface

Optional Sections Offer Advanced or Specialty Topics.

A large number of optional sections have been included. These sections
are indicated by asterisks and thus are easily distinguished from those
which form the core of the basic dynamics course. They can be omitted
without prejudice to the understanding of the rest of the text.
The topics covered in the optional sections in statics include the
reduction of a system of forces of a wrench, applications to hydrostatics,
equilibrium of cables, products of inertia and Mohr’s circle, the determina-
tion of the principal axes and the mass moments of inertia of a body of
arbitrary shape, and the method of virtual work. The sections on the inertia
properties of three-dimensional bodies are primarily intended for students
who will later study in dynamics the three-dimensional motion of rigid
bodies.
The topics covered in the optional sections in dynamics include
graphical methods for the solution of rectilinear-motion problems, the
trajectory of a particle under a central force, the deflection of fluid streams,
problems involving jet and rocket propulsion, the kinematics and kinetics
of rigid bodies in three dimensions, damped mechanical vibrations, and
electrical analogues. These topics will be found of particular interest when
dynamics is taught in the junior year.

The material presented in the text and most of the problems require
no previous mathematical knowledge beyond algebra, trigonometry, elemen-
tary calculus, and the elements of vector algebra presented in Chaps. 2
and 3 of the volume on statics. However, special problems are included,
which make use of a more advanced knowledge of calculus, and certain
sections, such as Secs. 19.5A and 19.5B on damped vibrations, should be
assigned only if students possess the proper mathematical background. In
portions of the text using elementary calculus, a greater emphasis is placed
on the correct understanding and application of the concepts of differentia-
tion and integration, than on the nimble manipulation of mathematical for-
mulas. In this connection, it should be mentioned that the determination of
the centroids of composite areas precedes the calculation of centroids by
integration, thus making it possible to establish the concept of moment of
area firmly before introducing the use of integration.

bee98242_FM_i-xxii.indd xiv 12/3/14 11:10 AM

 Guided Tour
Chapter Introduction. Each chapter begins with a list of learning
objectives and an outline that previews chapter topics. An introductory
section describes the material to be covered in simple terms, and how it
will be applied to the solution of engineering problems.

Chapter Lessons. The body of the text is divided into sections, each
consisting of one or more sub-sections, several sample problems, and a
large number of end-of-section problems for students to solve. Each section
corresponds to a well-defined topic and generally can be covered in one
lesson. In a number of cases, however, the instructor will find it desirable
to devote more than one lesson to a given topic. The Instructor’s and Solu-
tions Manual contains suggestions on the coverage of each lesson.

Sample Problems. The Sample Problems are set up in much the same
form that students will use when solving assigned problems, and they Introduction
1
employ the SMART problem-solving methodology that students are encour-
The tallest skyscraper in the Western Hemisphere, One World

aged to use in the solution of their assigned problems. They thus serve the Trade Center is a prominent feature of the New York City skyline.
From its foundation to its structural components and mechanical
systems, the design and operation of the tower is based on the
double purpose of reinforcing the text and demonstrating the type of neat fundamentals of engineering mechanics.

and orderly work that students should cultivate in their own solutions. In
addition, in-problem references and captions have been added to the sample bee87302_ch01_001-014.indd 1 28/07/14 11:50 AM

problem figures for contextual linkage to the step-by-step solution.

Concept Applications. Concept Applications are used within NEW!

selected theory sections in the Statics volume to amplify certain topics,
and they are designed to reinforce the specific material being presented Sample Problem 4.10
and facilitate its understanding. A 450-lb load hangs from the corner C of a rigid piece of pipe ABCD
that has been bent as shown. The pipe is supported by ball-and-socket
joints A and D, which are fastened, respectively, to the floor and to a
vertical wall, and by a cable attached at the midpoint E of the portion BC
of the pipe and at a point G on the wall. Determine (a) where G should
be located if the tension in the cable is to be minimum, (b) the correspond-
Solving Problems on Your Own. A section entitled Solving ing minimum value of the tension.
G

Problems on Your Own is included for each lesson, between the sample B

6 ft
E

6 ft
C D

12 ft

problems and the problems to be assigned. The purpose of these sections 450 lb

is to help students organize in their own minds the preceding theory of A

12 ft
6 ft

the text and the solution methods of the sample problems so that they can STRATEGY: Draw the free-body diagram of the pipe showing the reac-
tions at A and D. Isolate the unknown tension T and the known weight W

more successfully solve the homework problems. Also included in these by summing moments about the diagonal line AD, and compute values
from the equilibrium equations.
MODELING and ANALYSIS:
sections are specific suggestions and strategies that will enable the students Free-Body Diagram. The free-body diagram of the pipe includes the
load W 5 (2450 lb)j, the reactions at A and D, and the force T exerted by

to more efficiently attack any assigned problems. the cable (Fig. 1). To eliminate the reactions at A and D from the computations,
take the sum of the moments of the forces about the line AD and set it equal
to zero. Denote the unit vector along AD by λ, which enables you to write
 
oMAD 5 0: λ ? (AE 3 T) 1 λ ? (AC 3 W) 5 0 (1)
Dy j
y

Homework Problem Sets. Most of the problems are of a practical B

T

E C
Dx i

D
Dz k

nature and should appeal to engineering students. They are primarily designed, 6 ft

W = –450 j
12 ft

12 ft

however, to illustrate the material presented in the text and to help students A xi
␭
6 ft x

understand the principles of mechanics. The problems are grouped according z

A zk

Ay j
A
12 ft

to the portions of material they illustrate and, in general, are arranged in Fig. 1 Free-body diagram of pipe.

order of increasing difficulty. Problems requiring special attention are indi-

cated by asterisks. Answers to 70 percent of the problems are given at the bee87302_ch04_169-229.indd 211
NEW! 8/8/14 10:05 AM

end of the book. Problems for which the answers are given are set in straight
type in the text, while problems for which no answer is given are set in italic Over 650 of the homework problems in the
text are new or revised.
and red font color.
xv

bee98242_FM_i-xxii.indd xv 12/3/14 11:10 AM

 xvi Guided Tour

Chapter Review and Summary. Each chapter ends

with a review and summary of the material covered in that
chapter. Marginal notes are used to help students organize Review and Summary
their review work, and cross-references have been included to
In this chapter, we have studied the effect of forces on particles, i.e., on bodies
help them find the portions of material requiring their special of such shape and size that we may assume all forces acting on them apply
at the same point. P
R

attention. Resultant of Two Forces

A
Forces are vector quantities; they are characterized by a point of application, Q
a magnitude, and a direction, and they add according to the parallelogram law Fig. 2.30
(Fig. 2.30). We can determine the magnitude and direction of the resultant R
Review Problems. A set of review problems is included of two forces P and Q either graphically or by trigonometry using the law of
cosines and the law of sines [Sample Prob. 2.1].

at the end of each chapter. These problems provide students Components of a Force
Any given force acting on a particle can be resolved into two or more com-
further opportunity to apply the most important concepts intro- ponents, i.e., it can be replaced by two or more forces that have the same
effect on the particle. A force F can be resolved into two components P and Q

duced in the chapter. by drawing a parallelogram with F for its diagonal; the components P and Q
are then represented by the two adjacent sides of the parallelogram (Fig. 2.31).
Again, we can determine the components either graphically or by trigonom-
etry [Sec. 2.1E].

Q
F

Review Problems A

2.127 Two structural members A and B are bolted to a bracket as shown. Fig. 2.31
40° 20°
Knowing that both members are in compression and that the force
is 15 kN in member A and 10 kN in member B, determine by trigo- Rectangular Components; Unit Vectors
nometry the magnitude and direction of the resultant of the forces A force F is resolved into two rectangular components if its components Fx
A B
applied to the bracket by members A and B. and Fy are perpendicular to each other and are directed along the coordinate
axes (Fig. 2.32). Introducing the unit vectors i and j along the x and y axes,
2.128 Determine the x and y components of each of the forces shown. respectively, we can write the components and the vector as [Sec. 2.2A] y

Fx 5 Fxi Fy 5 F y j (2.6)
y Fy = Fy j
and
F
Fig. P2.127 F 5 Fxi 1 Fyj (2.7) j
24 in. 28 in.
␪
where Fx and Fy are the scalar components of F. These components, which
i Fx = Fx i x
can be positive or negative, are defined by the relations

45 in. Fx 5 F cos θ Fy 5 F sin θ (2.8) Fig. 2.32

102 lb
106 lb
x
75
200 lb O
30 in.

40 in.
bee87302_ch02_015-081.indd 75 09/07/14 4:38 PM

Fig. P2.128

2.129 A hoist trolley is subjected to the three forces shown. Knowing that
α 5 40°, determine (a) the required magnitude of the force P if the
resultant of the three forces is to be vertical, (b) the corresponding
magnitude of the resultant.

α
C
P
a

400 lb a
200 lb
30° 20°
Fig. P2.129
300 lb

2.130 Knowing that α 5 55° and that boom AC exerts on pin C a force A
directed along line AC, determine (a) the magnitude of that force,
(b) the tension in cable BC. Fig. P2.130

79

bee87302_ch02_015-081.indd 79 09/07/14 4:38 PM

Computer Problems. Accessible through Connect are problem sets

for each chapter that are designed to be solved with computational software.
Many of these problems are relevant to the design process; they may involve
the analysis of a structure for various configurations and loadings of the
structure, or the determination of the equilibrium positions of a given
mechanism that may require an iterative method of solution. Developing the
algorithm required to solve a given mechanics problem will benefit the
students in two different ways: (1) it will help them gain a better
understanding of the mechanics principles involved; (2) it will provide them
with an opportunity to apply their computer skills to the solution of a
meaningful engineering problem.

bee98242_FM_i-xxii.indd xvi 12/3/14 11:11 AM

 Guided Tour xvii
Concept Questions. Educational research has shown that students can
often choose appropriate equations and solve algorithmic problems without
having a strong conceptual understanding of mechanics principles.† To help
assess and develop student conceptual understanding, we have included Con-
cept Questions, which are multiple choice problems that require few, if any,
calculations. Each possible incorrect answer typically represents a common
misconception (e.g., students often think that a vehicle moving in a curved
path at constant speed has zero acceleration). Students are encouraged to
solve these problems using the principles and techniques discussed in the
text and to use these principles to help them develop their intuition. Mastery
and discussion of these Concept Questions will deepen students’ conceptual
understanding and help them to solve dynamics problems.

Free Body and Impulse-Momentum Diagram Practice

Problems. Drawing diagrams correctly is a critical step in solving kinetics
problems in dynamics. A new type of problem has been added to the text to
emphasize the importance of drawing these diagrams. In Chaps. 12 and 16
the Free Body Practice Problems require students to draw a free-
body diagram (FBD) showing the applied forces and an equivalent
diagram called a “kinetic diagram” (KD) showing ma or its FREE-BODY PRACTICE PROBLEMS
16.F1 A 6-ft board is placed in a truck with one end resting against a block
B

78°
A
components and Iα. These diagrams provide students with a secured to the floor and the other leaning against a vertical partition.
Draw the FBD and KD necessary to determine the maximum
allowable acceleration of the truck if the board is to remain in the

pictorial representation of Newton’s second law and are critical position shown.

16.F2 A uniform circular plate of mass 3 kg is attached to two links AC Fig. P16.F1
in helping students to correctly solve kinetic problems. In Chaps. and BD of the same length. Knowing that the plate is released
from rest in the position shown, in which lines joining G to A and
B are, respectively, horizontal and vertical, draw the FBD and KD
13 and 17 the Impulse-Momentum Diagram Practice Problems for the plate.

require students to draw diagrams showing the momenta of the D

bodies before impact, the impulses exerted on the body during C

75°

impact, and the final momenta of the bodies. The answers to all 75°
A
B

G
of these questions can be accessed through Connect.
Fig. P16.F2

16.F3 Two uniform disks and two cylinders are assembled as indicated.
Disk A weighs 20 lb and disk B weighs 12 lb. Knowing that the
system is released from rest, draw the FBD and KD for the whole
system.

A
B

8 in. 6 in.

TA TB

A B

3.3 ft

G
6.6 ft
C 15 lb 18 lb D

Fig. P16.F3

16.F4 The 400-lb crate shown is lowered by means of two overhead cranes.
1.8 ft
Knowing the tension in each cable, draw the FBD and KD that can
be used to determine the angular acceleration of the crate and the 3.6 ft
acceleration of the center of gravity. Fig. P16.F4

1039

bee87342_ch16_1017-1090.indd 1039 9/29/14 4:43 PM

†
Hestenes, D., Wells, M., and Swakhamer, G (1992). The force concept inventory. The Physics
Teacher, 30: 141–158.
Streveler, R. A., Litzinger, T. A., Miller, R. L., and Steif, P. S. (2008). Learning conceptual knowl-
edge in the engineering sciences: Overview and future research directions, JEE, 279–294.

bee98242_FM_i-xxii.indd xvii 12/3/14 11:11 AM

 Digital Resources
Connect® Engineering provides online presenta-
tion, assignment, and assessment solutions. It
connects your students with the tools and
resources they’ll need to achieve success. With Connect Engineering you
can deliver assignments, quizzes, and tests online. A robust set of questions
and activities are presented and aligned with the textbook’s learning
outcomes. As an instructor, you can edit existing questions and author
entirely new problems. Integrate grade reports easily with Learning
Management Systems (LMS), such as WebCT and Blackboard—and much
more. Connect Engineering also provides students with 24/7 online access
to a media-rich eBook, allowing seamless integration of text, media, and
assessments. To learn more, visit connect.mheducation.com
Find the following instructor resources available through Connect:
• Instructor’s and Solutions Manual. The Instructor’s and Solutions
Manual that accompanies the eleventh edition features solutions to all
end of chapter problems. This manual also features a number of tables
designed to assist instructors in creating a schedule of assignments for
their course. The various topics covered in the text have been listed in
Table I and a suggested number of periods to be spent on each topic
has been indicated. Table II prepares a brief description of all groups
of problems and a classification of the problems in each group accord-
ing to the units used. Sample lesson schedules are shown in Tables III,
IV, and V, together with various alternative lists of assigned homework
problems.
• Lecture PowerPoint Slides for each chapter that can be modified.
These generally have an introductory application slide, animated
worked-out problems that you can do in class with your students,
concept questions, and “what-if?” questions at the end of the units.
• Textbook images
• Computer Problem sets for each chapter that are designed to be
solved with computational software.
• C.O.S.M.O.S., the Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization
System that allows instructors to create custom homework, quizzes,
and tests using end-of-chapter problems from the text.

NEW! LearnSmart is available as

an integrated feature of McGraw-Hill Connect. It is an adaptive learning
system designed to help students learn faster, study more efficiently, and
retain more knowledge for greater success. LearnSmart assesses a student’s
knowledge of course content through a series of adaptive questions. It
pinpoints concepts the student does not understand and maps out a
personalized study plan for success. This innovative study tool also has
features that allow instructors to see exactly what students have
accomplished and a built-in assessment tool for graded assignments.

xviii

bee98242_FM_i-xxii.indd xviii 12/3/14 11:11 AM

 Digital Resources xix

SmartBook™ is the first and NEW!

only adaptive reading experience available for the higher education mar-
ket. Powered by an intelligent diagnostic and adaptive engine, SmartBook
facilitates the reading process by identifying what content a student knows
and doesn’t know through adaptive assessments. As the student reads, the
reading material constantly adapts to ensure the student is focused on the
content he or she needs the most to close any knowledge gaps.

Visit the following site for a demonstration of LearnSmart or Smart-

Book: www.learnsmartadvantage.com

CourseSmart. This text is offered through CourseSmart for both

instructors and students. CourseSmart is an online browser where stu-
dents can purchase access to this and other McGraw-Hill textbooks in a
digital format. Through their browser, students can access the complete
text online at almost half the cost of a traditional text. Purchasing the
eTextbook also allows students to take advantage of CourseSmart’s web
tools for learning, which include full text search, notes and highlighting,
and e-mail tools for sharing notes among classmates. To learn more
about CourseSmart options, contact your sales representative or visit
www.coursesmart.com.

bee98242_FM_i-xxii.indd xix 12/3/14 11:11 AM

 Acknowledgments
A special thanks to our colleagues who thoroughly checked the solutions
and answers to all problems in this edition and then prepared the solutions
for the accompanying Instructor’s and Solutions Manual, James Widmann
of California Polytechnic State University and Amy Mazurek.
The authors thank the many companies that provided photographs
for this edition.
We are pleased to acknowledge David Chelton, who carefully reviewed
the entire text and provided many helpful suggestions for revising this edition.
The authors also thank the members of the staff at McGraw-Hill for
their support and dedication during the preparation of this new edition.
We particularly wish to acknowledge the contributions of Global Brand
Manager Raghu Srinivasan, Brand Manager Thomas Scaife, Product
Developers Robin Reed & Joan Weber, Content Project Manager Jolynn
Kilburg, and Program Manager Lora Neyens.
David F. Mazurek
Phillip J. Cornwell
Brian P. Self
The authors gratefully acknowledge the many helpful comments and
suggestions offered by focus group attendees and by users of the previous
editions of Vector Mechanics for Engineers:
George Adams Howard Epstein Amir G Rezaei
Northeastern University University of Connecticut California State Polytechnic
William Altenhof Asad Esmaeily University, Pomona
University of Windsor Kansas State University, Civil Martin Sadd
Sean B. Anderson Engineering Department University of Rhode Island
Boston University David Fleming Stefan Seelecke
Manohar Arora Florida Institute of Technology North Carolina State University
Colorado School of Mines Jeff Hanson Yixin Shao
Gilbert Baladi Texas Tech University McGill University
Michigan State University David A. Jenkins Muhammad Sharif
Francois Barthelat University of Florida The University of Alabama
McGill University Shaofan Li Anthony Sinclair
Oscar Barton, Jr. University of California, Berkeley University of Toronto
U.S. Naval Academy William R. Murray Lizhi Sun
M. Asghar Bhatti Cal Poly State University University of California, lrvine
University of Iowa Eric Musslman Jeffrey Thomas
Shaohong Cheng University of Minnesota, Duluth Northwestern University
University of Windsor Masoud Olia Jiashi Yang
Philip Datseris Wentworth Institute of Technology University of Nebraska
University of Rhode Island Renee K. B. Petersen Xiangwa Zeng
Timothy A. Doughty Washington State University Case Western Reserve University
University of Portland
xx

bee98242_FM_i-xxii.indd xx 12/3/14 11:11 AM

 List of Symbols
a, a Acceleration k Centroidal radius of gyration
a Constant; radius; distance; semimajor l Length
axis of ellipse L Linear momentum
a, a Acceleration of mass center L Length; inductance
aB/A Acceleration of B relative to frame in m Mass
translation with A m9 Mass per unit length
aP/^ Acceleration of P relative to rotating M Couple; moment
frame ^ MO Moment about point O
ac Coriolis acceleration MRO Moment resultant about point O
A, B, C, . . . Reactions at supports and connections M Magnitude of couple or moment; mass of
A, B, C, . . . Points earth
A Area MOL Moment about axis OL
b Width; distance; semiminor axis of n Normal direction
ellipse N Normal component of reaction
c Constant; coefficient of viscous damping O Origin of coordinates
C Centroid; instantaneous center of rotation; P Force; vector
capacitance #
P Rate of change of vector P with respect
d Distance
to frame of fixed orientation
en, et Unit vectors along normal and tangent
q Mass rate of flow; electric charge
er, eθ Unit vectors in radial and transverse
Q Force; vector
directions #
e Coefficient of restitution; base of natural Q Rate of change of vector Q with respect
logarithms # to frame of fixed orientation
E Total mechanical energy; voltage (Q)Oxyz Rate of change of vector Q with respect to
f Scalar function frame Oxyz
ff Frequency of forced vibration r Position vector
fn Natural frequency rB/A Position vector of B relative to A
F Force; friction force r Radius; distance; polar coordinate
g Acceleration of gravity R Resultant force; resultant vector; reaction
G Center of gravity; mass center; constant of R Radius of earth; resistance
gravitation s Position vector
h Angular momentum per unit mass s Length of arc
H# O Angular momentum about point O t Time; thickness; tangential direction
HG Rate of change of angular momentum HG T Force
T Tension; kinetic energy
# with respect to frame of fixed orientation
u Velocity
(HG)Gxyz Rate of change of angular momentum HG
with respect to rotating frame Gxyz u Variable
i, j, k Unit vectors along coordinate axes U Work
NC
i Current U122 work done by non-conservative forces
I, Ix, . . . Moments of inertia v, v Velocity
I Centroidal moment of inertia v Speed
Ixy, . . . Products of inertia v, v Velocity of mass center
J Polar moment of inertia vB/A Velocity of B relative to frame in
k Spring constant translation with A
kx, ky, kO Radii of gyration vP/^ Velocity of P relative to rotating frame ^

xxi

bee98242_FM_i-xxii.indd xxi 12/3/14 11:11 AM

 xxii List of Symbols

V Vector product θ Angular coordinate; Eulerian angle;

V Volume; potential energy angle; polar coordinate
w Load per unit length μ Coefficient of friction
W, W Weight; load ρ Density; radius of curvature
x,
# y,# z# Rectangular coordinates; distances τ Periodic time
x, y, z Time derivatives of coordinates x, y, z τn Period of free vibration
x, y, z Rectangular coordinates of centroid, f Angle of friction; Eulerian angle; phase
center of gravity, or mass center angle; angle
α, α Angular acceleration w Phase difference
α, β, g Angles c Eulerian angle
g Specific weight v, v Angular velocity
δ Elongation vf Circular frequency of forced vibration
e Eccentricity of conic section or of orbit vn Natural circular frequency
l Unit vector along a line V Angular velocity of frame of reference
η Efficiency

bee98242_FM_i-xxii.indd xxii 12/3/14 11:11 AM

 1
Introduction
The tallest skyscraper in the Western Hemisphere, One World
Trade Center is a prominent feature of the New York City skyline.
From its foundation to its structural components and mechanical
systems, the design and operation of the tower is based on the
fundamentals of engineering mechanics.

bee87302_ch01_001-014.indd 1 11/13/14 10:50 AM

 2 Introduction

Introduction Objectives
• Define the science of mechanics and examine its
1.1 WHAT IS MECHANICS?
fundamental principles.
1.2 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
AND PRINCIPLES • Discuss and compare the International System of
Units and U.S. Customary Units.
1.3 SYSTEMS OF UNITS
1.4 CONVERTING BETWEEN • Discuss how to approach the solution of mechanics
TWO SYSTEMS OF UNITS problems, and introduce the SMART problem-solving
1.5 METHOD OF SOLVING methodology.
PROBLEMS • Examine factors that govern numerical accuracy in the
1.6 NUMERICAL ACCURACY solution of a mechanics problem.

1.1 What is Mechanics?

Mechanics is defined as the science that describes and predicts the condi-
tions of rest or motion of bodies under the action of forces. It consists of
the mechanics of rigid bodies, mechanics of deformable bodies, and
mechanics of fluids.
The mechanics of rigid bodies is subdivided into statics and dynamics.
Statics deals with bodies at rest; dynamics deals with bodies in motion.
In this text, we assume bodies are perfectly rigid. In fact, actual structures
and machines are never absolutely rigid; they deform under the loads to
which they are subjected. However, because these deformations are usu-
ally small, they do not appreciably affect the conditions of equilibrium or
the motion of the structure under consideration. They are important,
though, as far as the resistance of the structure to failure is concerned.
Deformations are studied in a course in mechanics of materials, which is
part of the mechanics of deformable bodies. The third division of mechan-
ics, the mechanics of fluids, is subdivided into the study of incompressible
fluids and of compressible fluids. An important subdivision of the study
of incompressible fluids is hydraulics, which deals with applications
involving water.
Mechanics is a physical science, since it deals with the study of
physical phenomena. However, some teachers associate mechanics with
mathematics, whereas many others consider it as an engineering subject.
Both these views are justified in part. Mechanics is the foundation of most
engineering sciences and is an indispensable prerequisite to their study.
However, it does not have the empiricism found in some engineering sci-
ences, i.e., it does not rely on experience or observation alone. The rigor
of mechanics and the emphasis it places on deductive reasoning makes it
resemble mathematics. However, mechanics is not an abstract or even a
pure science; it is an applied science.
The purpose of mechanics is to explain and predict physical phe-
nomena and thus to lay the foundations for engineering applications. You
need to know statics to determine how much force will be exerted on a
point in a bridge design and whether the structure can withstand that force.
Determining the force a dam needs to withstand from the water in a river
requires statics. You need statics to calculate how much weight a crane
can lift, how much force a locomotive needs to pull a freight train, or how

bee87302_ch01_001-014.indd 2 28/07/14 11:50 AM

 Another Random Document on
Scribd Without Any Related Topics
Russell (W. Clarke). See "A Sailor's Sweetheart," 3 vols., 31s. 6d.;
"Wreck of the Grosvenor," 6s.; "John Holdsworth (Chief Mate),"
6s.
Russell (W. H., LL.D.) The Tour of the Prince of Wales in India. By W.
H. Russell, LL.D. Fully Illustrated by Sydney P. Hall, M.A. Super-
royal 8vo, cloth extra, gilt edges, 52s. 6d.; Large Paper Edition,
84s.

Sancta Christina: a Story of the First Century. By Eleanor E. Orlebar.

With a Preface by the Bishop of Winchester. Small post 8vo, cloth
extra, 5s.
Seonee: Sporting in the Satpura Range of Central India, and in the
Valley of the Nerbudda. By R. A. Sterndale, F.R.G.S. 8vo, with
numerous Illustrations, 21s.
Seven Years in South Africa: Travels, Researches, and Hunting
Adventures between the Diamond-Fields and the Zambesi (1872-
1879). By Dr. Emil Holub. With over 100 Original Illustrations and 4
Maps. In 2 vols., demy 8vo, cloth extra, 42s.
Serpent Charmer (The): a Tale of the Indian Mutiny. By Louis
Rousselet, Author of "India and its Native Princes." Numerous
Illustrations. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, gilt edges, 7s. 6d.; plainer
binding, 5s.
Shakespeare (The Boudoir). Edited by Henry Cundell. Carefully
bracketted for reading aloud; freed from all objectionable matter,
and altogether free from notes. Price 2s. 6d. each volume, cloth
extra, gilt edges. Contents:—Vol. I., Cymbeline—Merchant of
Venice. Each play separately, paper cover, 1s. Vol. II., As You Like
It—King Lear—Much Ado about Nothing. Vol. III., Romeo and
Juliet—Twelfth Night—King John. The latter six plays separately,
paper cover, 9d.
Shakespeare Key (The). Forming a Companion to "The Complete
Concordance to Shakespeare." By Charles and Mary Cowden Clarke.
Demy 8vo, 800 pp., 21s.
Shooting: its Appliances, Practice, and Purpose. By James Dalziel
Dougall, F.S.A., F.Z.A., Author of "Scottish Field Sports," &c. Crown
8vo, cloth extra, 10s. 6d.
"The book is admirable in every way.... We wish it every success."—Globe.
"A very complete treatise.... Likely to take high rank as an authority on shooting."—Daily
News.

Silent Hour (The). See "Gentle Life Series."

Silver Pitchers. See Alcott.
Simon (Jules). See "Government of M. Thiers."
Six to One. A Seaside Story. 16mo, boards, 1s.
Smith (G.) Assyrian Explorations and Discoveries. By the late George
Smith. Illustrated by Photographs and Woodcuts. Demy 8vo, 6th
Edition, 18s.
—— The Chaldean Account of Genesis. By the late G. Smith, of the
Department of Oriental Antiquities, British Museum. With many
Illustrations. Demy 8vo, cloth extra, 6th Edition, 16s.
—— An entirely New Edition, completely revised and rewritten by
the Rev. Professor Sayce, Queen's College, Oxford. Demy 8vo, 18s.
Snow-Shoes and Canoes; or, the Adventures of a Fur-Hunter in the
Hudson's Bay Territory. By W. H. G. Kingston. 2nd Edition. With
numerous Illustrations. Square crown 8vo, cloth extra, gilt edges,
7s. 6d.; plainer binding, 5s.
Songs and Etchings in Shade and Sunshine. By J. E. G. Illustrated
with 44 Etchings. Small 4to, cloth, gilt tops, 25s.
South African Campaign, 1879 (The). Compiled by J. P. Mackinnon
(formerly 72nd Highlanders), and S. H. Shadbolt; and dedicated,
by permission, to Field-Marshal H.R.H. The Duke of Cambridge.
4to, handsomely bound in cloth extra, 2l. 10s.
South Kensington Museum. Published, with the sanction of the
Science and Art Department, in Monthly Parts, each containing 8
Plates, price 1s. Volume I., containing 12 numbers, handsomely
bound, 16s.
Stanley (H. M.) How I Found Livingstone. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 7s.
6d. ; large Paper Edition, 10s. 6d.
—— "My Kalulu," Prince, King, and Slave. A Story from Central
Africa. Crown 8vo, about 430 pp., with numerous graphic
Illustrations, after Original Designs by the Author. Cloth, 7s. 6d.
—— Coomassie and Magdala. A Story of Two British Campaigns in
Africa. Demy 8vo, with Maps and Illustrations, 16s.
—— Through the Dark Continent, which see.
Story of a Mountain (The). By E. Reclus. Translated by Bertha Ness.
8vo, with Illustrations, cloth extra, gilt edges, 7s. 6d.
Story of a Soldiers Life (The); or, Peace, War, and Mutiny. By Lieut.-
General John Alexander Ewart, C.B., Aide-de-Camp to the Queen
from 1859 to 1872. 2 vols., demy 8vo, with Illustrations.
Story of the Zulu Campaign (The). By Major Ashe (late King's
Dragoon Guards), and Captain the Hon. E. V. Wyatt-Edgell (late
17th Lancers, killed at Ulundi). Dedicated by special permission to
Her Imperial Highness the Empress Eugénie. 8vo, 16s.
Story without an End. From the German of Carové, by the late Mrs.
Sarah T. Austin. Crown 4to, with 15 Exquisite Drawings by E. V. B.,
printed in Colours in Fac-simile of the original Water Colours; and
numerous other Illustrations. New Edition, 7s. 6d.
—— square 4to, with Illustrations by Harvey. 2s. 6d.
Stowe (Mrs. Beecher) Dred. Cheap Edition, boards, 2s. Cloth, gilt
edges, 3s. 6d.
Stowe (Mrs. Beecher) Footsteps of the Master. With Illustrations and
red borders. Small post 8vo, cloth extra, 6s.
—— Geography, with 60 Illustrations. Square cloth, 4s. 6d.
—— Little Foxes. Cheap Edition, 1s.; Library Edition, 4s. 6d.
—— Betty's Bright Idea. 1s.
—— My Wife and I; or, Harry Henderson's History. Small post 8vo,
cloth extra, 6s.[C]

—— Minister's Wooing. 5s.; Copyright Series, 1s. 6d.; cl., 2s.[C]

—— Old Town Folk. 6s.; Cheap Edition, 2s. 6d.
—— Old Town Fireside Stories. Cloth extra, 3s. 6d.
—— Our Folks at Poganuc. 10s. 6d.
—— We and our Neighbours. 1 vol., small post 8vo, 6s. Sequel to
"My Wife and I."[See also Rose Library]
—— Pink and White Tyranny. Small post 8vo, 3s. 6d. Cheap Edition,
1s. 6d. and 2s.
—— Queer Little People. 1s.; cloth, 2s.
—— Chimney Corner. 1s.; cloth, 1s. 6d.
—— The Pearl of Orr's Island. Crown 8vo, 5s.[See also Rose Library]
—— Little Pussey Willow. Fcap., 2s.
—— Woman in Sacred History. Illustrated with 15 Chromo-
lithographs and about 200 pages of Letterpress. Dem 4to, cloth
 extra, gilt edges, 25s.
Student's French Examiner. By F. Julien, Author of "Petites Leçons de
Conversation et de Grammaire." Square crown 8vo, cloth, 2s.
Studies in German Literature. By Bayard Taylor. Edited by Marie
Taylor. With an Introduction by the Hon. George H. Boker. 8vo,
cloth extra, 10s. 6d.
Studies in the Theory of Descent. By Dr. Aug. Weismann, Professor in
the University of Freiburg. Translated and edited by Raphael
Meldola, F.C.S., Secretary of the Entomological Society of London.
Part I.—"On the Seasonal Dimorphism of Butterflies," containing
Original Communications by Mr. W. H. Edwards, of Coalburgh. With
two Coloured Plates. Price of Part. I. (to Subscribers for the whole
work only), 8s.; Part II. (6 coloured plates), 16s.; Part III., 6s.
Sugar Beet (The). Including a History of the Beet Sugar Industry in
Europe, Varieties of the Sugar Beet, Examination, Soils, Tillage,
Seeds and Sowing, Yield and Cost of Cultivation, Harvesting,
Transportation, Conservation, Feeding Qualities of the Beet and of
the Pulp, &c. By L. S. Ware. Illustrated. 8vo, cloth extra, 21s.
Sullivan (A. M., M.P.). See "New Ireland."
Sulphuric Acid (A Practical Treatise on the Manufacture of). By A. G.
and C. G. Lock, Consulting Chemical Engineers. With 77
Construction Plates, and other Illustrations. Royal 8vo, 2l. 12s. 6d.
Sumner (Hon. Charles). See Life and Letters.
Sunrise: A Story of These Times. By William Black, Author of "A
Daughter of Heth," &c. 3 vols., 31s. 6d.
Surgeon's Handbook on the Treatment of Wounded in War. By Dr.
Friedrich Esmarch, Professor of Surgery in the University of Kiel, and
Surgeon-General to the Prussian Army. Translated by H. H. Clutton,
B.A. Cantab., F.R.C.S. Numerous Coloured Plates and Illustrations,
8vo, strongly bound in flexible leather, 1l. 8s.
Sylvan Spring. By Francis George Heath. Illustrated by 12 Coloured
Plates, drawn by F. E. Hulme, F.L.S., Artist and Author of "Familiar
Wild Flowers;" by 16 full-page, and more than 100 other Wood
Engravings. Large post 8vo, cloth, gilt edges, 12s. 6d.

Tauchnitz's English Editions of German Authors. Each volume, cloth

flexible, 2s.; or sewed, 1s. 6d. (Catalogues post free on application.)
—— (B.) German and English Dictionary. Cloth, 1s. 6d.; roan, 2s,
—— French and English. Paper, 1s. 6d.; cloth, 2s.; roan 2s. 6d.
Tauchnitz (B.) Italian and English Dictionary. Paper, 1s. 6d.; cloth, 2s.;
roan, 2s. 6d.
—— Spanish and English. Paper, 1s. 6d.; cloth, 2s.; roan, 2s. 6d.
—— New Testament. Cloth, 2s.; gilt, 2s. 6d.
Taylor (Bayard). See "Studies in German Literature."
Through America; or, Nine Months in the United States. By W. G.
Marshall, M.A. With nearly 100 Woodcuts of Views of Utah country
and the famous Yosemite Valley; The Giant Trees, New York,
Niagara, San Francisco, &c.; containing a full account of Mormon
Life, as noted by the Author during his visits to Salt Lake City in
1878 and 1879. In 1 vol., demy 8vo, 21s.
Through the Dark Continent: The Sources of the Nile; Around the
Great Lakes, and down the Congo. By Henry M. Stanley. 2 vols.,
demy 8vo, containing 150 Full-page and other Illustrations, 2
Portraits of the Author, and 10 Maps, 42s. Seventh Thousand.
 Cheaper Edition, crown 8vo, with some of the Illustrations and
Maps. 1 vol., 12s. 6d.
Tour of the Prince of Wales in India. See Russell.
Trees and Ferns. By F. G. Heath. Crown 8vo, cloth, gilt edges, with
numerous Illustrations, 3s. 6d.
Two Friends. By Lucien Biart, Author of "Adventures of a Young
Naturalist," "My Rambles in the New World," &c. Small post 8vo,
numerous Illustrations, gilt edges, 7s. 6d.; plainer binding, 5s.
Two Supercargoes (The); or, Adventures in Savage Africa. By W. H. G.
Kingston. Numerous Full-page Illustrations. Square imperial 16mo,
cloth extra, gilt edges, 7s. 6d.; plainer binding, 5s.
Under the Punkah. By Phil Robinson, Author of "In my Indian Garden."
Crown 8vo, limp cloth, uniform with the above, 3s. 6d.
Up and Down; or, Fifty Years' Experiences in Australia, California, New
Zealand, India, China, and the South Pacific. Being the Life History
of Capt. W. J. Barry. Written by Himself. With several Illustrations.
Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 8s. 6d.

BOOKS BY JULES VERNE.

Large Crown Containing 350 to 600 Containing the whole

8vo pp. and from 50 to 100 of the text with some
full-page illustrations illustrations.

WORKS. In very In In cloth Coloured

handsome plainer binding, Boards
cloth binding gilt
binding, plain edges,
edges.
 gilt smaller
edges. type.

s. d. s. d. s. d.

Twenty 10 6 5 0 3 6 2 vols.,
Thousand 1s.
Leagues each.
under the
Sea. Part I.

Twenty
Thousand
Leagues
under the
Sea. Part II.

Hector 10 6 5 0
Servadac

The Fur 10 6 5 0 3 6 2 vols.,

Country 1s.
each.

From the 10 6 5 0 2 vols., 2 vols.,

Earth to the 2s. 1s.
Moon and a each. each.
Trip round it

Michael 10 6 5 0
Strogoff,
the Courier
of the Czar

Dick Sands, 10 6 5 0 s. d.
the Boy
Captain
Five Weeks 7 6 3 6 2 0 1 0
in a Balloon

Adventures 7 6 3 6 2 0 1 0
of Three
Englishmen
and Three
Russians

Around the 7 6 3 6 2 0 1 0
World in
Eighty Days

A Floating 7 6 3 6 2 0 1 0
City

The 7 6 3 6 2 0 1 0
Blockade
Runners

Dr. Ox's 7 6 3 6 2 0 1 0
Experiment

Master 7 6 3 6 2 0 1 0
Zacharius

A Drama in 7 6 3 6 1 0 2 0
the Air

A Winter 7 6 3 6 2 0 1 0
amid the
Ice

The 7 6 3 6 2 0 2 vols.
Survivors of 1s.
the each.
"Chancellor"
Martin Paz 7 6 2 0 1 0

The 22 6 10 6 6 0 3 0
Mysterious
Island, 3
vols.:—

Vol. I. 7 6 3 6 2 0 1 0
Dropped
from the
Clouds

Vol. II. 7 6 3 6 2 0 1 0
Abandoned

Vol. III. 7 6 3 6 2 0 1 0
Secret of
the Island

The Child of 7 6 3 6
the Cavern.

The 7 6
Begum's
Fortune

The 7 6
Tribulations
of a
Chinaman

The Steam
House, 2
vols.:—

Vol. I. The 7 6
Demon of
 Cawnpore

Vol. II. 7 6
Tigers and
Traitors
Celebrated Travels and Travellers. 3 vols. Demy 8vo, 600 pp., upwards of 100 full-
page illustrations, 12s. 6d.; gilt edges, 14s. each:—
(1) The Exploration of the World.
(2) The Great Navigators of the Eighteenth Century.
(3) The Great Explorers of the Nineteenth Century.

Waller (Rev. C. H.) The Names on the Gates of Pearl, and other
Studies. By the Rev. C. H. Waller, M.A. Second Edition. Crown 8vo,
cloth extra, 6s.
—— A Grammar and Analytical Vocabulary of the Words in the Greek
Testament. Compiled from Brüder's Concordance. For the use of
Divinity Students and Greek Testament Classes. By the Rev. C. H.
Waller, M.A. Part I., The Grammar. Small post 8vo, cloth, 2s. 6d.
Part II. The Vocabulary, 2s. 6d.
—— Adoption and the Covenant. Some Thoughts on Confirmation.
Super-royal 16mo, cloth limp, 2s. 6d.
Warner (C. D.) My Summer in a Garden. Rose Library, 1s.
—— Back-log Studies. Boards, 1s. 6d.; cloth, 2s.
—— In the Wilderness. Rose Library, 1s.
—— Mummies and Moslems. 8vo, cloth, 12s.
Weaving. See "History and Principles."
Wills, A Few Hints on Proving, without Professional Assistance. By a
Probate Court Official. 5th Edition, revised with Forms of Wills,
Residuary Accounts, &c. Fcap. 8vo, cloth limp, 1s.
With Axe and Rifle on the Western Prairies. By W. H. G. Kingston. With
numerous Illustrations, square crown 8vo, cloth extra, gilt edges, 7s.
6d.; plainer binding, 5s.
Woolsey (C. D., LL.D.) Introduction to the Study of International Law;
designed as an Aid in Teaching and in Historical Studies. 5th Edition,
demy 8vo, 18s.
Words of Wellington: Maxims and Opinions, Sentences and Reflections
of the Great Duke, gathered from his Despatches, Letters, and
Speeches (Bayard Series). 2s. 6d.
Wreck of the Grosvenor. By W. Clark Russell, Author of "John
Holdsworth, Chief Mate," "A Sailor's Sweetheart," &c. 6s. Third and
Cheaper Edition.

London:
SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON, SEARLE, & RIVINGTON,
CROWN BUILDINGS, 188, FLEET STREET, E.C.
 *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HESPEROTHEN;
NOTES FROM THE WEST, VOL. 2 (OF 2) ***

Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will
be renamed.

Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S.

copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright in
these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it
in the United States without permission and without paying
copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of
Use part of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™
concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark,
and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following
the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use
of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything
for copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is
very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as
creation of derivative works, reports, performances and research.
Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given
away—you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with
eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject
to the trademark license, especially commercial redistribution.

START: FULL LICENSE

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
 PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free

distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or
any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project
Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full
Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or online at
www.gutenberg.org/license.

Section 1. General Terms of Use and

Redistributing Project Gutenberg™
electronic works
1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™
electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree
to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all
the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or
destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in your
possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a
Project Gutenberg™ electronic work and you do not agree to be
bound by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund
from the person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in
paragraph 1.E.8.

1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be

used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people
who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a
few things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg™ electronic
works even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.
See paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with
Project Gutenberg™ electronic works if you follow the terms of this
agreement and help preserve free future access to Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.
1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the
Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the
collection of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the
individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the
United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law
in the United States and you are located in the United States, we do
not claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing,
performing, displaying or creating derivative works based on the
work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of
course, we hope that you will support the Project Gutenberg™
mission of promoting free access to electronic works by freely
sharing Project Gutenberg™ works in compliance with the terms of
this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg™ name associated
with the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this
agreement by keeping this work in the same format with its attached
full Project Gutenberg™ License when you share it without charge
with others.

1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also
govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most
countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside the
United States, check the laws of your country in addition to the
terms of this agreement before downloading, copying, displaying,
performing, distributing or creating derivative works based on this
work or any other Project Gutenberg™ work. The Foundation makes
no representations concerning the copyright status of any work in
any country other than the United States.

1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:

1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other

immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must
appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg™
work (any work on which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears,
or with which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” is associated) is
accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, copied or distributed:
 This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United
States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away
or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License
included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you
are not located in the United States, you will have to check the
laws of the country where you are located before using this
eBook.

1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is derived

from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not contain a
notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the copyright
holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in the
United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are
redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase “Project
Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the work, you must
comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through
1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project
Gutenberg™ trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is posted

with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any
additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms
will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™ License for all works posted
with the permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning
of this work.

1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project

Gutenberg™ License terms from this work, or any files containing a
part of this work or any other work associated with Project
Gutenberg™.

1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this

electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1
with active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
Gutenberg™ License.

1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form,
including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you
provide access to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg™ work
in a format other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in
the official version posted on the official Project Gutenberg™ website
(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or
expense to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or
a means of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original
“Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must
include the full Project Gutenberg™ License as specified in
paragraph 1.E.1.

1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,

performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™ works
unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing

access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works
provided that:

• You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive
from the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the
method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The
fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark,
but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to
the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty
payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on
which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your
periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked
as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information
 about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation.”

• You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who

notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt
that s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project
Gutenberg™ License. You must require such a user to return or
destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
Project Gutenberg™ works.

• You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of

any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in
the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90
days of receipt of the work.

• You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works.

1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg™

electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of
the Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set
forth in Section 3 below.

1.F.

1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend

considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe
and proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating
the Project Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works, and the medium on which they may
be stored, may contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to,
incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a
copyright or other intellectual property infringement, a defective or
damaged disk or other medium, a computer virus, or computer
codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment.

1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for

the “Right of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph 1.F.3,
the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the
Project Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party distributing a
Project Gutenberg™ electronic work under this agreement, disclaim
all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR
NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR
BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH
1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK
OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL
NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT,
CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF
YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you

discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving
it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by
sending a written explanation to the person you received the work
from. If you received the work on a physical medium, you must
return the medium with your written explanation. The person or
entity that provided you with the defective work may elect to provide
a replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the work
electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose to
give you a second opportunity to receive the work electronically in
lieu of a refund. If the second copy is also defective, you may
demand a refund in writing without further opportunities to fix the
problem.

1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO
OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied

warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted
by the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any
provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.

1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation,

the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation,
anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in
accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with
the production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg™
electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses,
including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the
following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or
any Project Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or
additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any
Defect you cause.

Section 2. Information about the Mission

of Project Gutenberg™
Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of
electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of
computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.
It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and
donations from people in all walks of life.

Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the

assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg™’s
goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™ collection will
remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a
secure and permanent future for Project Gutenberg™ and future
generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help,
see Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at
www.gutenberg.org.

Section 3. Information about the Project

Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit
501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification
number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws.

The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500 West,

Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up
to date contact information can be found at the Foundation’s website
and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact

Section 4. Information about Donations to

the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation
Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without
widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can
be freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the
widest array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many
small donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to
maintaining tax exempt status with the IRS.

The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating

charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and
keep up with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in
locations where we have not received written confirmation of
compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of
compliance for any particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate.

While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where

we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no
prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in
such states who approach us with offers to donate.

International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make

any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.

Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation
methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of
other ways including checks, online payments and credit card
donations. To donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate.

Section 5. General Information About

Project Gutenberg™ electronic works
Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project
Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could be
freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and
distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose network of
volunteer support.
Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several printed
editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in
the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not
necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper
edition.

Most people start at our website which has the main PG search
facility: www.gutenberg.org.

This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™,

including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how
to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
Welcome to Our Bookstore - The Ultimate Destination for Book Lovers
Are you passionate about testbank and eager to explore new worlds of
knowledge? At our website, we offer a vast collection of books that
cater to every interest and age group. From classic literature to
specialized publications, self-help books, and children’s stories, we
have it all! Each book is a gateway to new adventures, helping you
expand your knowledge and nourish your soul
Experience Convenient and Enjoyable Book Shopping Our website is more
than just an online bookstore—it’s a bridge connecting readers to the
timeless values of culture and wisdom. With a sleek and user-friendly
interface and a smart search system, you can find your favorite books
quickly and easily. Enjoy special promotions, fast home delivery, and
a seamless shopping experience that saves you time and enhances your
love for reading.
Let us accompany you on the journey of exploring knowledge and
personal growth!

ebooksecure.com