slope of is curve
slope of is curve
The slope of the IS curve, which represents equilibrium in the goods market, is determined by
a couple of key factors:
In simpler terms:
In essence, the IS curve reflects the combinations of interest rates and output levels that
maintain equilibrium in the goods market.
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Lorenz Curve
Definition: The Lorenz curve is a way of showing the distribution of income
(or wealth) within an economy. It was developed by Max O. Lorenz in 1905
for representing wealth distribution.
The Lorenz curve shows the cumulative share of income from different
sections of the population.
If there was perfect equality – if everyone had the same salary – the poorest
20% of the population would gain 20% of the total income. The poorest 60%
of the population would get 60% of the income.
In this Lorenz curve, the poorest 20% of households have 5% of the nation’s total income.
The poorest 90% of the population holds 55% of the total income. That means the richest
10% of income earners gain 45% of total income.
The Gini coefficient is a measure of income or wealth inequality within a population. It ranges
from 0 to 1, where 0 means perfect equality (everyone has the same income or wealth) and 1
means perfect inequality (one person has all the income or wealth).
The Gini coefficient is a statistical measure of income inequality in which 0 represents perfect
equality and 1 represents perfect inequality. It is commonly used to measure income distribution
within a population.
Statistician Corrado Gini developed the Gini coefficient in 1912.
The Gini coefficient is calculated by dividing the area between the Lorenz curve and the line of
perfect equality by the total area under the line of perfect equality. The Lorenz curve and the line
of perfect equality are plotted on the same graph, with the cumulative share of income or wealth
on the y-axis and the cumulative share of the population on the x-axis. The Lorenz curve
represents the actual income or wealth distribution, while the line of perfect equality represents
the hypothetical distribution if everyone had an equal share of income or wealth.
The value of the Gini coefficient ranges from 0 to 1. A coefficient of 0 indicates perfect
equality. It means that every 1% of the population has access to 1% of national income, which
is unrealistic. A coefficient of 1 indicates perfect inequality. It means that 1 individual has
access to 100% of the country’s national income.