Awasthi Final
Awasthi Final
A Project Report on
Submitted to
Department of Computer Application
Ratna Rajyalaxmi Campus
Submitted by
Diwakar Awasthi (6-2-40-20-2022)
Binod Kimadi (6-2-40-12-2022)
February, 2025
SUPERVISOR’S RECOMMENDATION
LETTER OF APPROVAL
This is to verify that this project prepared by Diwakar Awasthi and Binod Kimadi
entitled “DOCTOR APPOINTMENT SYSTEM” in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Computer Application has been evaluated. In
our opinion it is satisfactory in the scope and quality as a project for the required degree.
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The project work presented in this report has been carried out and presented at Ratna
Rajya Laxmi Campus, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Tribhuvan University
of Technology as a part of Bachelors in Computer Application. Project is a test of not
only technical skills but also teamwork and performance under various constraints. This
journey cannot be successfully accomplished without help from experts.
We take this opportunity to acknowledge our sincere gratitude to our supervisor Mr.
Bhupendra Ram Luhar for providing us this type of quality of education, guidance and
suggestions which has helped us throughout the completion of this project.
In addition, we would like to give a word of thanks to Mr. Ananda K.C., director, and
rest of the entire department member who encouraged us to successfully develop the
system.
ii
Table of Contents
ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................................... i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...................................................................................................ii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................................................. v
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................ vi
LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................vii
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 1
1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Problem Statement ..................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Objectives .................................................................................................................. 1
1.4 Scope and limitations ................................................................................................. 2
1.4.1 Scopes of the System ....................................................................................................... 2
1.4.2 Limitations of the System ................................................................................................ 2
1.5 Report Organization ................................................................................................... 2
CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND STUDY AND LITERATURE REVIEW ........................ 3
2.1 Background Study...................................................................................................... 3
2.2 Literature Review ...................................................................................................... 3
CHAPTER 3: SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN ........................................................ 5
3.1 System Analysis ......................................................................................................... 5
3.1.1 Requirement Analysis ..................................................................................................... 5
3.1.2 Feasibility Analysis ......................................................................................................... 6
3.1.3 Data Modeling ................................................................................................................. 8
3.1.4 Process Modeling ............................................................................................................ 9
3.2 System Design ......................................................................................................... 11
3.2.1 Architectural Design ...................................................................................................... 11
3.2.2 Database Schema Design: ............................................................................................. 11
3.2.3 Interface Design: ........................................................................................................... 12
3.2.4 Physical DFD: ....................................................................................................... 22
CHAPTER 4: IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING ..................................................... 24
4.1 Implementation ........................................................................................................ 24
4.1.1 Tools Used ..................................................................................................................... 24
4.1.2 Implementation Details of Modules .............................................................................. 24
4.2 Testing ..................................................................................................................... 25
4.2.1 Test Case for Unit Testing ............................................................................................. 25
4.2.2 Test Case for System Testing ........................................................................................ 32
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE RECOMMENDATION ......................... 34
5.1 Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 34
iii
5.2 Future Recommendations ........................................................................................ 34
APPENDICES ................................................................................................................... 35
REFERENCE ..................................................................................................................... 41
iv
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
v
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 3. 1: Use Case Diagram Of Doctor Appointment System .................................. 5
Figure 3. 2:Gantt Chart of Doctor Appointment System ............................................... 7
Figure 3. 3:E-R Diagram of Doctor Appointment System ............................................. 8
Figure 3. 4: Context level diagram of Doctor Appointment System ............................. 9
Figure 3. 5:Level 1 DFD .................................................................................................. 10
Figure 3. 6: Architectural Design of Doctor Appointment System ............................. 11
Figure 3. 7:Database Schema Design of Doctor Appointment System ....................... 12
Figure 3. 8:Wireframe of Home page ............................................................................ 12
Figure 3. 9:Wireframe of sign up for patient ................................................................ 13
Figure 3. 10:Wireframe of signup for doctor ................................................................ 13
Figure 3. 11:Wireframe of login form for doctor and patient ..................................... 14
Figure 3. 12: Wireframe of patient dashboard ............................................................. 14
Figure 3. 13:Wireframe of patient appointment ........................................................... 15
Figure 3. 14:Patient Profile ............................................................................................. 15
Figure 3. 15 :Doctor Dashboard ..................................................................................... 16
Figure 3. 16 :Doctors create appointment ..................................................................... 16
Figure 3. 17: My Appointment ....................................................................................... 17
Figure 3. 18: Appointment Request ............................................................................... 17
Figure 3. 19: Doctor Appointment History.................................................................... 18
Figure 3. 20: Profile of Doctor ........................................................................................ 18
Figure 3. 21: Admin Login .............................................................................................. 19
Figure 3. 22: Admin Dashboard ..................................................................................... 19
Figure 3. 23: Create Speciality ........................................................................................ 20
Figure 3. 24:Pending doctors .......................................................................................... 20
Figure 3. 25:Verified Doctors.......................................................................................... 21
Figure 3. 26:Rejected Doctor .......................................................................................... 21
Figure 3. 27: Physical DFD of Hospital Management System ..................................... 22
vi
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4. 1 Test case for sign up ....................................................................................... 25
Table 4. 2 Testing Login Form........................................................................................ 28
Table 4. 3 Testing Verification of Doctor....................................................................... 29
Table 4. 4 Testing Doctor Deletion ................................................................................. 29
Table 4. 5 Schedule Appointment ................................................................................... 30
Table 4. 6 Book Appointment ......................................................................................... 30
Table 4. 7 Testing Confirmation of Appointment ......................................................... 30
Table 4. 8:Test Case for Appointment Deletion ............................................................ 31
Table 4. 9:Test Case for Speciality ................................................................................. 31
Table 4. 10:Profile Update .............................................................................................. 31
Table 4. 11:Test Case for System Testing ...................................................................... 32
vii
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
In today’s rapidly evolving healthcare landscape, efficient appointment management is
essential for ensuring seamless and timely delivery of patient care. The primary objective
of this project is to provide patients with a convenient and hassle-free way to book
appointments with doctors. It addresses common challenges faced by patients during the
appointment process and aims to simplify scheduling for both patients and healthcare
providers.
The system is designed to streamline the appointment scheduling process by enabling
doctors to manage their booking slots online. Patients can easily view and reserve
available slots, which are then confirmed in their names. This ensures organized and
efficient scheduling experience.
Patients in rural areas often face significant difficulties when booking appointments due
to the time required to reach hospitals. They may miss preferred appointment times or
experience long waits in queues, leading to discomfort and inconvenience. By offering an
online booking option, this system empowers patients to plan their visits better, saving
time and ensuring they can see doctors at their convenience.
The Doctor Appointment System is a modern and user-friendly solution that enhances the
scheduling and management of medical appointments. It improves accessibility, reduces
waiting times, and creates a more efficient healthcare experience for patients and
providers alike.
1.3 Objectives
The objectives of the Doctor Appointment System are:
1
➢ To enable admin to login so they can set specialty and manage doctors.
➢ To enable patients to register and log in so they can book the appointments.
➢ To enable doctors to register and log in so they can schedule they appointments
and manage appointments.
2
CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND STUDY AND LITERATURE
REVIEW
3
connects patients with healthcare providers, making it easier to access care. The service is
free for patients, while doctors pay to advertise their appointment slots. [2]
Examining a comprehensive Hospital Management System (HMS), this abstract examines
its complex structure, which aims to transform healthcare facility operations and improve
patient care outcomes has been successful. The HMS integrates state-of-the-art
technology with holistic operational, clinical, and financial functions, improving
operational efficiency and organizational efficiency in health care systems. At its core, the
performance module acts as a hub, streamlining patient referrals, appointments, and bed
allocation through automated processes and real-time data analytics. At the same time, it
optimizes resource allocation through efficient staffing, payroll, and inventory
management, thus empowering hospital administrators to provide performance is closely
monitored. In addition, the clinical module integrates electronic health records (EHRs),
decision support systems, and telemedicine capabilities to enhance patient care quality
and enhance interdisciplinary collaboration among healthcare providers. By leveraging
centralized patient data and advanced analytics, this module enables harnessing the power
of personalized treatment strategies, enabling improved diagnostic accuracy and treatment
outcomes. Supporting these clinical and operational functions, the finance module
automates revenue cycle management, payment, and insurance management, facilitating
financial transparency and compliance. Through seamless integration with external
payment systems and insurance networks, the HMS promotes efficiency and ensures
timely reimbursement, thus promoting the financial health of healthcare organizations in
the dense. [3]
HealthPlix is a comprehensive Electronic Medical Record (EMR) software designed for
doctors and healthcare providers in India. Key features include patient registration,
appointment scheduling, electronic medical records (EMR), billing and invoicing,
prescription management, lab integration, inventory management, patient portal,
telemedicine, analytics and reporting, SMS and email notifications, doctor dashboard,
multi-location support, role-based access control, customizable templates, clinical
decision support, document management, referral management, queue management, and a
mobile app. HealthPlix is known for its user-friendly interface and robust functionality,
making it a popular choice among healthcare professionals. [4]
4
CHAPTER 3: SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
For the doctor appointment system, the requirement analysis involves identifying and
defining both functional and non-functional requirements to ensure that the system meets
user needs and business goals. Here’s a detailed analysis:
i. Functional Requirements:
5
Patient Module:
• Patient can Sign up into the system.
• Patient can Login and Logout into the system.
• Patients can view the doctors.
• Patients can choose appointments.
Admin Module:
• Admin can Login and Logout into the system.
• Admin can manage doctors.
Doctor Module:
• Doctors can Sign up into the system.
• Doctors can Login and Logout into the system.
• Doctors can schedule appointments.
• Doctors can manage appointments.
A feasibility study for doctor appointment system assesses its viability and worthiness. It
evaluates technical, economic, and operational aspects to determine if investing time and
resources in developing the system is justified.
i. Technical Feasibility
The technical feasibility of the system is guaranteed by using reliable, scalable
hardware and software that can handle large amounts of data. This system is built
with HTML, CSS and java script for frontend and Php for backend that are ideal
6
for web applications. It works consistently across different devices and operating
systems. Furthermore, there are technical support and maintenance plans to
resolve any issues and ensure that the system operates effectively.
7
3.1.3 Data Modeling
An Entity-Relationship (E-R) Diagram visually shows the entities, their attributes and the
relationships between them in a database. It helps with designing and understanding the
structure of a database. The E-R Diagram of Doctor Appointment System is shown
below:
8
3.1.4 Process Modeling
The context level diagram overviews the entire system. The above figure shows the
overviews of the Doctor Appointment System. It shows how the external entities (doctor,
patient, admin) interact with the system. The arrows pointed to and from the external
entities indicate the flow of data. The diagram shows that doctor and patient must sign up.
All the external entities have to login to enter the system. The admin can verify and
manage the doctor. The doctor can schedule the appointment, confirm or cancel the
appointment request from the patient. The patient can book the appointment scheduled by
the doctor.
9
Figure 3. 5:Level 1 DFD
DFD is an abstract description of the system. DFDs are in levels which represent
increasing information flow and functional details. Users can either sign up as a patient or
as a doctor. The details provided by the users will be stored in corresponding database
according to their user type. Admin verifies the doctors after the doctor signup in the
system. If the doctor is verified by the admin, then the doctor can schedule the
appointments. The patient can book the appointment, and the doctor can either accept or
reject the appointment which is then stored in database.
10
3.2 System Design
To realize the different functional requirements of the system, different diagrams of the
system have been prepared which are as follows:
The database schema design of the Doctor Appointment System describes the tables used
in the system along with their columns, data types and the length of the datatypes. This
shows the relationship between the various tables used in the database ‘Project’.
11
Figure 3. 7:Database Schema Design of Doctor Appointment System
The tools and technologies like HTML, CSS, JS, PHP are used for interface design. Here
are some images of wireframes of the system interfaces:
12
The Home Page is the gateway of the system. This allows the users to log in, sign up, into
the system.
The signup for patient allows the patient to sign up in the system with details of full
name, email, contact, password and must confirm the password. If the details are valid
then the patient successfully registered.
13
The signup for the doctor allows the doctor to sign up with details like full name, email,
contact, password , qualification, specialty, experience letter and necessary documents. If
the details provided are valid then the doctor is registered in the system
The login form allows the doctor and patient to enter in the system if the email and
password provided by them are correct.
The patient dashboard shows the doctor details according to their specialties. Patient can
14
look after doctors according to different specialties. They can book the appointment of
doctors accordingly.
The patient can see whether the doctor has approved the appointment or not. The patient
can cancel the appointment if the doctor has not confirmed the appointment.
15
Figure 3. 15 :Doctor Dashboard
The doctors will be able to look after today’s appointments. They can confirm whether
there is any appointment or not for today.
16
Figure 3. 17: My Appointment
The doctor will be able to see his/her appointments of different dates and time.
17
Figure 3. 19: Doctor Appointment History
The doctor will be able to see the past appointments. S/he will be able to delete the past
appointments.
18
Figure 3. 21: Admin Login
The admin will be able to login if the email and password are valid. This section is only
for admins.
19
Figure 3. 23: Create Speciality
The admin can either accept or reject the doctor requests according to their documents
and experience letter.
20
Figure 3. 25:Verified Doctors
The verified doctors will be visible to the admins. The admin can delete the doctors if
necessary.
21
3.2.4 Physical DFD:
22
The above figure shows the physical DFD of the Doctor Appointment System. The
registration is implemented by making a signup form in PHP which accepts the details of
doctors and patients and stores the data in their respective databases. If the user is doctor
then the data will be stored in doctor table and if the user is patient then the data will be
stored in patient table. If the required fields are not filled then the registration is not
submitted. During the login process, the doctor or patient fills the login credentials. If the
login credentials match the data stored in table then the access is granted. Similarly,
Admin fills the login credentials in the login form, if it matches with the data stored in the
admin table then access is granted. The admin verifies the doctors according to their
documents submitted i.e. experience letter and either license image or others that help to
determine s/he is a doctor. If the doctor is approved by the admin then only the doctor is
allowed to schedule the appointments. The scheduled appointments will be visible to the
patients in their dashboard. The patients can choose the appointment accordingly. The
detail of the appointment chose by the patient will be visible to the doctor who has
scheduled that appointment. The doctor has to either accept or reject the appointment. If
doctor approves the appointment then the appointment will not be visible to the other
patients. If the appointment is rejected then the appointment will be visible to other
patients also. The doctor and patient are not allowed to cancel the appointment after its
confirmation.
23
CHAPTER 4: IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING
4.1 Implementation
Various CASE tools, font-end and back-end tools are used to make Doctor Appointment
System. The technologies used in this project are described below:
i. CASE Tools
Tools like draw.io, dbdiagram.io, Lucidchart.io and Excel are used to make
various diagrams to illustrate the design.
ii. Frontend Technologies
HTML, CSS and JavaScript are used as they are fundamental technologies to
be used for applications to be developed on the web.
iii. Backend Technologies
PHP and Apache web servers are used to develop this system.
iv. Development Tools
VS-Code with various extensions is used to aid the development of this
system.
24
The patient can cancel the appointment if the appointment is not confirmed by the
doctor.
• Schedule Module
This module helps the doctor to schedule the appointment. The doctor cannot
schedule the previous day’s appointment. The doctor must choose current day or
future days appointments. The doctor can accept or reject the appointment request
from patient. The doctor can cancel the appointment until the appointment is
confirmed.
• Approve Module
This module helps the admin either verify or reject the doctors. The admin can
delete the verified doctors.
4.2 Testing
4.2.1 Test Case for Unit Testing
Table 4. 1 Test case for sign up
25
0 04 Signup form Email Input an No error No error Pass
4 Email Validation email message message
Validation address
with ‘@’
26
1 10 Signup form Password Input No error No error Pass
0 Password Validation matched message message
Validation password
27
1 18 Signup form Document Uploaded Display Message Pass
8 Document Validation file size message displayed
Validation more than “File “File
2 MB exceeds 2 exceeds 2
MB” MB”
Pre-Conditions: The doctor, patient and admin has a valid email and password
S Test Test Test Case Step Expected Result Actual Result Test
N Cas Name Descriptio Cas
e ID n e
Stat
us
1 21 Choose Choose the Choose Either of the User chose Pass
User type of the type user chose
Type user of user
28
Table 4. 3 Testing Verification of Doctor
Pre-Conditions: The doctor should be verified and admin should have login
29
Table 4. 5 Schedule Appointment
Dependencies: Login
Pre-Conditions: The doctor has scheduled the appointment and patient has
booked
Dependencies: Doctor and Patient
30
1 28 Appointment The doctor Either Either Confirmed Pass
Confirmation has confirm confirmed
scheduled or reject or
the Rejected
appointment
and the
patient has
booked it
Pre-Conditions: The doctor has scheduled the appointment and patient has
booked and the appointment should of past date
Dependencies: Doctor and Patient should have logined
S Test Test Name Test Case Step Expected Actual
Test
N Cas Description Result Result
Cas
e ID e
Stat
us
1 29 Appointmen Delete the Delete the The The Pas
t Deletion appointmen appointmen appointmen appointmen s
t t t should be t deleted
deleted.
31
Case ID Name Description Result Result Case
Status
1 31 Profile Doctor Fill the The The Pass
Update profile email, profile profile
of updation contact, should is
Doctor password be updated.
and updated
profile
picture.
2 32 Profile Patient Fill the The The Pass
update profile email, profile profile
of updation contact detail detail is
patient and should updated
password be
updated.
32
3 34 Usabilit Eliminate Signing up Message Message Pass
y Test duplicate with displayed displayed
email data already “Email “Email
on signup existing already already
email exists” exists”
33
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE
RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Conclusion
The Doctor Appointment System is a free online tool that makes it easy to schedule
appointments with doctors. Since it works on any web browser, it is convenient to use.
The patients and doctors can easily signup in the system. The doctors need to be verified
by the admin so that they can schedule the appointments. The appointments scheduled by
the doctor are visible to the patients. The patients can choose the appointments. The
appointments that are chose by the patients are sent to the doctor who scheduled that
appointment for his/ her approval. The doctor has to either approve or reject the
appointments. The doctor can delete the past appointments. The admin is allowed to
delete the doctors. In this way the appointment scheduled, appointment booked,
appointment deleted and manage doctors are done which meets the objective of this
project.
34
APPENDICES
Home page:
Admin Dashboard:
Set Speciality:
35
After Setting Speciality:
36
Admin Rejecting Doctor:
Doctor Dashboard:
Appointment Create:
37
Doctor Appointment Details:
38
Doctor Profile:
Patient Dashboard:
39
Choose Appointment:
Confirmed Appointments:
Patient Profile
40
REFERENCE
41