sataining a Health mi safe Environment dl ‘Adan environment ensures a continuous survival of all living things on earth. It stislds us from acquiring different kinds of infections and diseases. Hence, in order to luep the environment healthy, we should be responsible enough to do our own roles in mulntaining it and it is thfu cleaning. learning Outcomes. | Atthe end of the chapter, students are expected to: Identify the tools, materials, and equipment needed to maintain a clean and hygienic environment. Demonstrate infection control procedures applied in routine cleaning. Observe personal hygiene and health procedures. Identify regulations in the supervision of clean and hygienic environment. Provide safe environment by practicing proper disposal of waste.Tools, Materials, and Equipment Needed to Maintain , Clean and Hygienic Environment Cleaning is the act of removing the dirt from things and ewe ae the bey, and the number one solution to prevent the spread of different dlssitee Tl tina, each and everyone healthy. It can be done in diferent methods and m0)" © Ni lnte mo effective when partnered with cleaning agents. Hence, t is a must fo know the differ, tools, materials, and equipment needed in cleaning. Cleaning Supplies/Materials Liquid Detergent. A detergent in © Cleaning Detergent. A surfactant or liquid form used for cleaning tools ang a mixture of surfactants with clea properties in diluted solutions that is equipment. also used for cleaning purposes. © Scrubbing Foam. Used to remove the ©’ Paper Towel. An absorbent textile made ‘contaminants of any tool and equipment. from paper instead of cloth used in drying hands, wiping windows, dusting and cleaning up spills. ‘MIND YOUR Uehara ‘Surfactant -A substance that tonds to reduce the surface tension of aliquid in which itis dissolved Truncate - To shorten something by cutting off the top to the end. 172 Maintaining 2 Wealthy and Safe Envireamest_.Aliquid used for cleaning most of Waste Container. A container for wal ‘ ter and equipment. Its also known temporarily storing refuse and waste. seahe universal solvent. ‘eau MA er and protect the > paking Soda. This is otherwise known Gloves. These cov! as bicarbonate of soda or sodium hands of a person performing household warbonate. This Is used to deodorize services. refrigerators. Tools Following are tools used in maintaining a clean and hygienie environment. Broom. A cleaning implement that Dustpan. A cleaning tool commonly used is made of bundle of straws or twigs to scoop the dirt and wastes on the floor. attached to a long handle and is used for Sweeping. ‘Gintaining a Wealthy and Safe Environment 173Vacuum Cleaner. A device that uses an air pump to create a partial vacuum to suck up dust and dirt, usually from floors, and optionally from other surfaces as well. The dirt is collected by either a dust bag or a cyclone for later disposal. Sponge. This is characterized by readily absorbing water and becoming soft when wet while retaining toughness: used in bathing, in wiping or cleaning surfaces, ete, Cleaning Cloth. This is used to wipe the cleaning tools and equipment. Bucket. A watertight, vertical cylin, or truncated cone, with an open top gad a flat bottom, usually attached to gemicircular carrying handle that is useg to hold water or any liquid solution useg in cleaning. Cobwebber. This is used for reaching and sweeping ceilings to remove cobwebs. It is also used in stairwells, ceiling corners and other high areas. -Disheloth. This is used in the kitchen dry dishes and other surfaces. Typically these are made of cotton or other cloth. such as microfiber. ment Malotainin lealthy and Safe Emer Hose. These are hollow tubes migaed to catty fUids from one west Floor Buffer. An electrical appliance that is used to clean and maintain non- carpeted floors, such as hardwood, marble, tile or linoleum. It is also known as a floor polisher. general Rules in the Use of Cleaning Equipment 1. Check electrical appliances and equipment before use. Check if there are frayed wires. 2. Loose plugs and connections. Never use any appliance that is defective. 3. Handle equipment with care and make sure it does not bump on hard surfaces. 4. Clean and store equipment in their custodial room immediately after use. 5. Empty dust bags of dry vacuum cleaners before they overload and after each use 6 Follow the manufacturer's operating instruction. 1. Schedule a regular check-up of equipment to prevent serious breakdown. 8 To avoid electric shock or short circuit, do not expose equipment to rain or water. 4. Store them indoors to protect them from getting wet. Electrical equipment should never be used in wet surfaces. a health? Alataning a Weatthy and Safe Env + How does a clean and hygienic environment impact one’s state of 175up at tion Control Proce, iid in Routine Cleanines sting FOOT ning floors is one i“ re iver in orden Ce yest ffequent cleaning routine you need to practice a fut Prevent diseases from spreading specially in a health facility. You need to make sure that fl ce, sre are basic steps in Her 'Ps in washing floors in order to achieve a clean and luminous one. 4. Make sure that the area is clear. Tables, chairs, rugs, and other furniture that you think might be an obstacle in cleaning the floor should be removed. 2, Anyone likely to walk over the area must be send out. tops or other surfaces, clean them first before the from cleaning table tops and other surfaces will is necessary so cleaning of the floor won't be 3. Ifyou are going to clean table floor. Dirt and other substances fall on the floor. Cleaning them first redundant and will lessen time and effort. MIND YOUR et See ee ‘Ambiance - A feeling or mood associated with a particular place, person or thing. Maintaining a Healthy and Safe Environment4. Sweep the floor first. This is to ensure that all the dust, fallen hair and other sojg debris were removed and to prevent it from leaving scratches on the floor. 5. Get a bucket and fill it with cleaner of your choice mixed with warm water to coy, the head of the mop. Be sure to follow the instructions and formulations suggesteq by the manufacturer of the cleaner you choose. Do not overfill the bucket and maka sure to leave empty spaces to allow yourself to add the mop and keep the wringe, out of the water. Do not use cleaners more than what you needed. It won't agg benefit to your cleaning; would leave residues and will cause damage t, the floor. tea 6. Squeeze the excess solution out of the mop. For really dirty floors, a wetter mop is an advantage and then come back with a drier squeezed out mop to pick up the dissolved dirt and water. 7. Start in one corner of the room. Move the mop around the area to be cleaned with some pressure to pick up and remove the dirt. When the area is covered or the mop is dirty, dip and squeeze the mop again and move on to the next area. Continue across the whole floor. Make sure to avoid stepping on the areas you have just cleaned. 8. Let the mopped area dry thoroughly. Drying can be done by opening windows and doors for this can speed the process. When the mopped area is already dry, furniture previously removed can be placed back again. Drying the mop after use: 1. Rinse the mop and squeeze it thoroughly and then hang to dry out. Never leave it in the bucket. Leaving it in a bucket will cause it to rot and will start to smell bad. 3. Hang with wet end down and place it where the dripping water can drip freely and won't cause any disturbances. 4. Dispose dirty mop water in the toilet. Helpful Tips @ * For polyurethane hardwood floors, mops must be run with the grain of the wood. + For textured floors, mops must be moved in small figure eight circles. 178 Maintaining a Healthy and Safe Enviyoo ‘ vacuum cleaner is a devic vac that uses an air pump to create a partial vacuum tO and dirt, usually fi up aust ly from floors and from other surfaces such as upholstery and sees selowing are the basic steps in vacuuming. sxamine the area of the vacuum where it deposits dirt In older vacuums, this is & ba Innew ones, itis often a removable and reusable canister. If the bag 1s full, you need trchange ity iit is a reusable container it should be emptied as often as possible. Ifthe deposit area is full, the vacuum won't be able to pick up dirt effectively. L check the vacuum’s height and make sure it is set to the appropriate length for your use. If it is set too high, it won't have enough suction and if it is set to low, it won't have enough airflow. 4. Move all of the smaller items out of the vacuum’s way. 4 Tum the vacuum on and push the vacuum forward and backwards over your carpet, in slow, even strokes, Moving the vacuum too quickly won't pick up dirt as well. 5 Use the vacuum’s attachments such as the simple hose with exchangeable ends, to clean corners and under the edges of furniture. It is a good idea to do this extra bit of cleaning so the normal airflow of your room doesn't push unwanted dirt into your newly cleaned areas. 179 ing a Healthy and Safe EnvironmentDisinfecting Toilet Areas needs to be cleaned and disinfected efficiently in a regular m: The toilet area is considered to be one of the dirtiest part of every household ang janner SO aS Not to spreag germs that can cause different kinds of diseases. 1 180 Following are the steps on how to disinfect the toilet: Prepare the tools needed: + Rubber gloves. You must only use these in cleaning the toilet to protect your hands from detergents and solutions used in cleaning the toilet. + Household sponge ‘+ Liquid (cream) toilet cleaner * Toilet brush + Bathroom spray cleaner + Paper towels Remove items from atop and around the toilet. Clearing items away from the toilet won't just allow you to clean under and around them - it will keep them out of the way, safe from harmful cleaners, and will prevent any accidental drops into the toilet. Put on clean gloves. Use a dedicated pair of waterproof rubber gloves to clean your toilet. Keep these gloves separate from your other gloves. It's handy to buy your toilet gloves in a different color than your other rubber gloves. Wipe down the toilet with a damp sponge. Give your toilet an initial once-over with hot water. Moisten a sponge with hot water and wipe around the tank, lid, seat, base, and exterior of the bowl. Often, this will be enough to completely remove dirt without the need for special cleaning products, Apply toilet cleaner to the inside of the bowl. + Read the manufacturer's instructions for |_| Mf, y the cleaner you use, ae rt + Squirt or dab cleaner on the inside of the ji rim of the bowl, allowing it to drip down the sides of the bow! and into the water. / + It’s important to apply cleaner to the inside of the bow!'s rim - this area is ‘ often ignored, which can lead to gross pS brown mineral build-up along the rim, as Maintaining a Wealthy and Safe Environmest¥ sorub the eer with a tollet brush, Using a firm-bristed toilet brush, scrub the entire pave aero yi Paying sPecial attention to any mineral stains that may accumulate along the water level and at the back of the bowl, The more thoroughly (and firmly) fou scrub the bowl the cleaner fe wil ge, 6 riush the toilet, Flushing rinses the bow! and the brush. Continue to scrub as the water drains from the toilet, as the motion of the water may not be enough to rinse Sul of the dirt away. + Ifyou have persistent stains, repeat the cycle of applying toilet cleaner, allowing itto sit if needed, scrubbing, and flushing until the stain is removed. clean the rest of the toilet with a disinfectant cleaner even if t's not that] airy. Use a spray bottle of “all-purpose” or “bathroom” disinfectant cleaner to mist the entire toilet. Make sure to get both the top and bottom of the seat and —t the entire exterior of the bowl, including its base. Use light pressure. with a cloth or paper towel to work in and wipe away _ the cleaner. 4, Clean the handle thoroughly. The handle needs to be extra-clean because you touch it every time you use the toilet. Use a brush or broom to sweep any loose hair or debris around, and especially behind, the body of the toilet. Wipe the area clean with ‘wet paper towels, disposable wipes, or a cloth. 10, Rinse or dust the items that were on or around the toilet. Put on clean gloves, then give the items that were on or around the toilet a quick clean. Wet and lightly scrub them if they're waterproof, or, if they're not, just give them a quick pass with a brush. Wipe the items clean with a paper towel and put them back in their places. + When you've finished, take your gloves off and wash your hands as a precaution against the spread of bacteria. * Differentiate disinfecting from cleaning? a Healthy and Safe Environment 181Infection Control in Baby Care Centers Ina baby care center, an efficient infection control must be observed in order ,, Keep the environment healthy and safe. 1. All sleep equipment should be cleaned and sanitized before assigning to a specis, child, ‘+ Infant's linens should be cleaned and sanitized daily. + Crib mattresses should be cleaned and sanitized weekly when wet and soiled, + Linens from older children should be laundered at least weekly. + All blankets should be changed and laundered routinely at least once a month, + All items must be labelled with child’s name and must be of exclusive use to that chijg only, 3. Do not allow children to share bedding. 4. Make sure that infant's linens are cleaned and sanitized daily. 5. Always change the mattress cover of another child’s bedding when it was used by other children, Disinfecting Diaper Changing Areas f Diaper changing areas should: hl © Only be used for changing diapers. * Be smooth and nonporous. ‘Have a raised edge or low “fence” around the area to prevent a child from falling of, * Be next to a sink with running water. + Not be used to prepare food, mix formula, or rinse pacifiers. + Be easily accessible to providers. + Be out of reach of children. Wall Mounted Diaper Changing Table Diaper changing areas should be cleaned and disinfected after each diaper change. Following are ways on how to clean diaper changing areas: + Clean the surface with soap and water and rinse with clear water. ‘+ Dry the surface with a paper towel. + Thoroughly wet the surface with the recommended bleach solution. + Air dry. Do not wipe. 182 Maintaining a Healthy and Safe Enviconmestto ifie isinfectis ing and DI ing Cloth " Linens, and Furnishings avoid washing OF rinsing soiteg eon jinens in the child care area, ing and solid stool can be emptied in the toiey and careful not (0 splash or touch toler with your hands, ater soiled clothes can be placed in a plastic bag. and sealed, while waiting for the chnge ent oF guardian to pick it up at the end of the day. h your hands aft. Always was’ after handling ; soiled clothing to prevent the spread of Diaper Changing Table infection. ‘Always remember that washing or rinsing soiled diapers and clothing increases the chances of being exposed to germs that cause diseases. Although receiving soiled clothes isn’t pleasant, remind parents that this policy protects the health of all children and providers.onal Hygiene pers onal Hygiene and Good Grooming al hygi on ee he eate and good grooming are interpreted as one. But these two are aitferent things that you need to understand personal rveicte refers to practices that lead to cleanliness and health ecervation. Its the FFSt step to good grooming and good health and is an on-going task. Good personal hygiene habits include the following: washing the body often, leaning the teeth at least once a day. Brushing the teeth after each meal is the best way of making sure that gum disease and tooth decay are avoided. It is very important toclean the teeth after breakfast and immediately before going to bed. Washing the hair with shampoo, + Washing hands with soap after going to the toilet and before preparing and/or eating food. + Changing into clean clothes. Dirty clothes should be washed with laundry soap before wearing them again. + Hanging clothes in the sun to dry. The sun’s rays will kill some disease-causing germs and parasites. + Turning away from other people and covering the nose and mouth with a tissue or the hand when coughing or sneezing. If this is not done, droplets of liquid containing germs from the nose and mouth will spread in the air and other people can breathe them in, or the droplets can get onto food. On the other hand, good grooming means being neat and being properly dressed ital times. It also means being healthy. Following are some good grooming pointers to consider. * Hair must be clean and styled neatly. * Use deodorant when necessary. MIND YOUR VOCABULARY. 6204 Grooming - Practicing good hypiene techniques Health - A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or | ar "Svaning a Wealthy and Safe Environment 187+ Facial hair must be shaved. + Beard must be trimmed in case you are plan + Never use too much cologne/perfume. : + Never smoke, chew gum or spit tobacco specially in public places. + Trim and scrub fingernails as necessary. ning to have one. Dressing Appropriately * Wear clean and ironed clothes. + Beware and/or refrain from bulging pockets. é Loud and bright colored clothes can be used alternatively as accents ang accessories. aLegal Requirements and Regulations in the Supervision of a Clean and Hygienic Environment Bnvironment has a huge impact not just to human beings but to all living things It isa natural habitat where all living things are dependent to a healthy and clean physical cavironment that promotes health and wellness. However, due to pollution, various snvironmental disasters occur, : In erieyta Lisi such problems, the environment must be protected by ‘ents ay jormulating different safety regulations in order to Preserve them. It is important to know these regulations in order to contribute to its maintenance. safety Regulations Following are some safety regulations observed in the supervision of a clean and hygienic environment. Republic Act 8749: The Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 The Clean Air Act is the constitutional law designed to make sure that all Filipinos have air that is safe to breathe. Public health protection is the primary goal, though the lawalso seeks to protect our environment from damage caused by air pollution. hy YElene The Clean Air Act is guided by the following principles: + Protect and advance the right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature; + Promote and protect the global environment while organizing the primary responsibility of local government units to deal with environmental problems; + Recognize that the responsibility of cleaning the habitat and environment is primarily area-based; and + Recognize that a clean and healthy environment is for the good of all and should therefore be the concern of all. Republic Act 9275: Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 RA 9275 is a law that aims to protect the country's bodies of water from land-based Pollution sources, It provides a comprehensive and integrated strategy in preventing and ‘minimizing the pollution through a multi-sectoral and participatory approach involving all stakeholders. and cing | ‘MIND YOUR VOCABULARY- “ rehensve study ofthe significant impacts of a project on the environment. 4 189 Maintaining a Healthy and Safe Environ‘Nuclear W: Republic Act 6969: Philippine Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nu‘ Aste ag lippines to control and may the Phil ‘An act that provides the legal framework for transport treatments the importation, manufacture, processing, distribution, use, disposal of toxic substances and hazardous nuclear wastes. Republic Act 9003: Philippine Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (PESWA) of 2099 An act that provides the legal framework for the squat : systematic comprehensive, and ecological solid waste management program that shall ensurg Protection of public health and the environment. Republic Act 9729: Climate Change Act of 2009 Aims to systematically integrate the concept of climate change in the policy formulation and development plans of all government agencies and units, to the end that the government will be prepared for the impact of climate change. Republic Act 9512: Environmental Awareness and Education Act of 2008 ‘An act to promote environmental awareness through Environmental Education (Eg) and covers integration of EE in the school curricula at all levels, be it public or private, including day care, preschool, non-formal, technical, vocational, indigenous learning and out of school youth courses or programs, Presidential Decree (PD) 1586: Philippine Environmental Impact Statement System A law requiring private corporations, firms or entities including agencies and strumentalities of the government to prepare an Environmental Impact System (EIS) for every proposed project undertaking that significantly affect the quality of the environment. Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) A document issued by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)/Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) after a positive review of an ECC Application, certifying that based on the representations of the proponent, the proposed project or undertaking will not cause significant environmental impact. It certifies that the proponent has complied with all the requirements of the EIS and has committed to implement its approved Environmental Management Plan. Ca * What are the roles of environmental re; and hygienic environment? gulations in maintaining a clean Maintaining a Wealthy and SafeProper Disposal of Waste Materials Everywhere you go today, piled up garbage is a common view. During rainy days, floating garbage highlights the dirty flood waters. It is present even In rivers ang other bodies of water. It is also a common cause why different diseases cueree in the community such as dengue fever, malaria, and zika virus disease. Dengue fever is a public health burden not only in Metro Manila but also in other Asian countries and differen, parts of the world. The aedes mosquito favors to breed at places where waters arg stagnant and clear. And to equate, improper waste disposal results to clogged canals ang other bodies of water that makes it stagnant. So just imagine how many lives and bodies of water will be saved when proper waste management is strictly observed and routinely practiced, Waste management is the collection, transportation, processing, and recycling or disposal of waste materials. Waste management program helps manage hazardous chemicals, radioactive, medical and other wastes safely and legally. GLASS. te Types of Wastes Wastes include all items that people no longer have any use for, which they either intend to get rid of, or have already discarded. Many items can be considered as wastes such as household rubbish, sewage sludge, wastes from manufacturing activities, packaging items, discarded cars, old televisions, garden waste, old paint containers and others. Waste can also be solid or liquid. ‘MIND YOUR VOCABULARY- ‘Aedes -A genus of mosquitoes that is responsible for the spread of yellow fever, zika virus, dengue, etc Zika Virus -A mosquito-borne flavvius that was first identified in Ugando. 192 Maintaining a Healthy and Safe Envi\ ouid Wastes : ny solid wastes are dry in form and are discarded as unwanted and can ve Ee eral housekeeping as residential waste, refuse, household waste or domestic se: examples are Plastics, Styrofoam containers, bottles; cans, paper, scrap iron, and 0' crashes tiquid Wastes Be ‘ ji Liquid wastes include human waste, runoff (storm water or flood water), spillage, industrial waste water and other forms of waste water from different sources: gxamples are chemicals, olls, and waste water from ponds. cl iossification of Wastes According to their Properties 4, Biodegradable Biodegradable wastes are those that can be broken down (decomposed) into their constituent elements by bacteria and other microorganisms. The term can be applied to both liquid and solid wastes. Examples are human and animal wastes, food waste, paper, and agricultural wastes, g, Non-biodegradable Non-biodegradable wastes are discarded items that cannot be broken down by living organisms. Non-biodegradable wastes accumulate in the environment because they cannot return to their origins. Examples are plastics, bottles, old machines, containers, and others. Classification of Wastes According to their Effects on Human Health and the Environment A. Hazardous These are unsafe substances used commercially, industrially, agriculturally, or economically. Examples are paint, motor oil, pesticides, drain opener, prescription drugs, air fresheners, and batteries. 3. Non-hazardous These are safe substances used commercially, industrially, agriculturally, or Sconomically. Examples are paper, cardboard, linings, wrappings, paper packaging Materials or absorbent. “twain a Wealthy and Safe Environment 193Process Flow of Waste Management The process of waste management can be simplified into 4Rs, which stands fo, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, and Recover, that classify waste management strategies according to their desirability. The “Rs” are meant to be a hierarchy, in order of importance. However, waste hierarchy has five steps. Reduction of waste materials > production > Repeatedly use of materials eee ‘Making new materials out i Energy are recovered ae om vaaes Wastes are safely disposed m eal ‘+ How important is the proper management of wastes in main healthy and safe environment? Why? Waste Hierarchy Steps Maintaining a Wealthy and Safe Env