Question Bank EM II

1.Ordinary differential Equations of first order and first degree

Formation of DE

Q. Form the differential equation whose general solution or primitive is

1.y = a e2x + b e3x 2. y = a cos nx + B sin nx

C
3. y = C2 + 4. Ax2 + By2 = 1
x

5.y = A cos (log x) + B sin (log x) 6. xy = A ex + B e-x

Q. Solve DE

Separable - Variable Form

dy dy 1  y 2
1. = ex-y + 3x2 e-y 2.  0
dx dx 1  x 2

dy
3. x cos x cos y + sin y =0 4. 3 ex tan y dx +(1 + ex) sec2 y dy = 0
dx

dy
5. xy2 - x) dx = (y + x2y) dy 6. (1 + x) + 1 = 2 e-y
dx

Exact Differential Equation

 2   2   2x   y 2  3x 2 
1.  y 2 e xy  4x 3 dx   2xye xy  3y 2 dy  0 2.  3 dx   4
dy  0

    y   y 

dy 2 x  3y  1
3. = 4. (2xy4 + sin y) dx + (4x2 y3 + x cos y) dy = 0
dx 3x  4 y  5

5. (sin x cos y + e2x) dx + (cos x sin y + tany) dy = 0 6. (x + y - 2) dx + (x - y + 4) dy = 0

Equations reducible to exact form by using integrating factor

1. (x2y2 + 2) y dx + (2 - 2 x2y2) x dy = 0 2. (y3 - 2x2y) dx + (2x y2 - x3) dy = 0

3. y (1 + xy) dx + x (1 + xy + x2y2) dy = 0 4. (xy sin xy + cos xy) y dx + (xy sin xy - cos xy)

x dy = 0

5. (x2 + y2 + 1) dx - 2xy dy = 0 6. (3x2 y4 + 2xy) dx + (2x3 y3 - x2) dy = 0

Linear Differential Equations of the First Order & First Degree

 2 x
y  dx dx
1. 
e
 1 2. ) (1 + sin y) = 2y cos y - x (sec y + tan y)
 x x  dy dy


 1  dy
3. (1 + y2) +  x  e  tan y   0
dy
4. (1 -x2) = 1 + xy
  dx dx

+ (1 + 2x)y = e  x
dy dy 2
5. + y cot x = sin 2x 6.
dx dx

Equations Reducible to the Liner Form

dy dy 1 1
1. + x sin 2y = x3 cos2 y 2. + tan y = tan y sin y
dx dx x x2

dy dx
3. tan y + tan x = cos y cos3 x 4. - x tan y = x4 sec y
dx dy

+ 2 xy3 = 4x e  x
dy 2 dy
5. 3y2 6. (x3 y3 + xy) =1
dx dx

2.Application of differential equations

Orthogonal Trajectories
Find the orthogonal trajectories of

1. The family of straight lines y = mx. 2. r2 = a sin 2 . 3. 2x2 + y2 = cx

4. y2 = 4 ax 5.ex + e-y = c 6. r2 = a2 cos 2

NEWTON’S LAW OF COOLING

1.If the temperature of the body drops from 1000C to 600C in one minute when the temperature
of the surrounding is 200C, what will be the temperature of the body at the end of the second
minute?
2. A body originally at 800C cools down to 600C in 20 minutes, the temperature of the air
being 400C. What will be the temperature of the body after 40 minutes from the original?
3. A metal ball is heated to a temperature of 1000C and at time t = 0 it is placed in water which
is maintained at 400C. If the temperature of the ball is reduced to 600C in 4 minutes, find the
time at which the temperature of the ball is 500C.
4. According to Newton’s law of cooling, the rate at which a substance cools in moving air is
proportional to the difference between the temperature of the substance and that of the air.
If the temperature of the air is 300C and the substance cools from 1000C to 700C in 15
minutes, find when the temperature will be 400C.
5. A body at temperature 1000C is placed in a room whose temperature is 200C and cools to
600C in 5 minutes. Find its temperature after a further interval of 3 minutes.
Electrical Circuit

1.A circuit consists of resistance ‘R’ ohms and a condenser of ‘C’ farads connected to a
q
constant e. m. f. If is the voltage of the condenser at time t after closing the circuit, show
C
that the voltage at time t is E 1  e t / CR
2. A resistance of 100 ohms, an inductance of 0.5 henry are connected in series with a battery
of 20 volts. Find the current in a circuit as a function of t.

3. In a circuit containing inductance L, resistance R and voltage E, the current I is given by :

dI
E = RI + L . Given L = 640 H, R = 250  and E = 500 volts. I being zero when t = 0.
dt
Find the time that elapses, before it reaches 90% of its maximum value.

4. A constant electromotive force E volt is applied to a circuit containing a constant resistance

R ohm in series and a constant inductance L henries. If the initial current is zero, show that
the current builds up to half its theoretical maximum in (L log 2) / R seconds.
5. The charge ‘Q’ on the plate of a condenser of capacity ‘C’ charged through a resistance ‘R’
dQ Q
by a steady voltage ‘V’ satisfies the differential equation. R  V.
dt C
If Q = 0 at t = 0, Show that Q = CV 1  e  t / RC . Find current.

Rectilinear Motion

1. A body starts moving from rest is opposed by a force per unit mass of value cx and
resistance per unit mass of value bv2, where x and v are the displacement and velocity of the
particle at that instant. Show that the velocity of the particle is given by,
v2 =
c
2
1  e  cxb
 2 bx
2b
2.The distance x descended by a parachute satisfies the differential equation

dv  2 
v =g 1  v  where v is velocity, k, g constants. If v = 0 and x = 0, at time t = 0,
dx  k2 
 
 log cosh  
k2 gt
show that x =
g k
 a4 
3.A particle is moving in a straight line with an acceleration k x   directed towards origin.
 x 3 
If it starts from rest at a distance 'a' from the origin, prove that it will arrive at origin at end of

time .
4 k
4. A body of mass m, falling from rest is subjected to the force of gravity and an air-
resistance proportional to the square of the velocity (kv2). If its falls through a distance x
2kx  a2 
and possesses a velocity v at that instant, Prove that = log   where mg = ka2
m  a 2  v2 
 
Heat Flow
1. A pipe 20 cm in diameter contains steam at 1500C and is protected with a covering 5 cm
thick for which k = 0.0025. If the temperature of the outer surface of the covering is 400C,
find the temperature half-way through the covering under steady-state conditions.
2. A long hollow pipe has an inner diameter of 10 cm and outer diameter of 20 cm. The inner
surface is kept at 2000C and the outer surface at 500C. The thermal conductivity is 0.12. How
much heat is lost per minute from a portion of the pipe 20 metres long ? Find the temperature
at a distance x = 7.5 cm from the centre of the pipe.

3. A stream pipe 20 cm in diameter is protected with a covering 6 cm thick for which the
coefficient of thermal conductivity is k = 0.0003 cal/cm deg. sec. steady state. Find the heat
lost per hour through a meter length of the pipe, if the surface of the pipe is at 2000C and the
outer surface of the covering is at 300C.

4. A pipe 10 cm in diameter contains steam at 1000C. It is covered with asbestos, 5 cm thick,

for which k = 0.0006 and the outside surface is at 300C. Find the amount of heat lost per hour
from a meter-long pipe.

Decay Problem

1. If 30% of radioactive substance disappeared in 10 days, how long will it take for 90
% of it to disappear.