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Plan Diagram Atp

The document provides guidelines for creating effective biological drawings, emphasizing the importance of using a sharp pencil, smooth lines, and accurate proportions. It outlines common mistakes in biological drawings and differentiates between low-power and high-power drawings, detailing their specific purposes. Additionally, it includes practice exercises for drawing various plant structures under a microscope.

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Aditi Gupta
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92 views6 pages

Plan Diagram Atp

The document provides guidelines for creating effective biological drawings, emphasizing the importance of using a sharp pencil, smooth lines, and accurate proportions. It outlines common mistakes in biological drawings and differentiates between low-power and high-power drawings, detailing their specific purposes. Additionally, it includes practice exercises for drawing various plant structures under a microscope.

Uploaded by

Aditi Gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Skill building pack: Drawing

Making biological drawings


When we examine a specimen under a microscope, we often have to record our observations
through drawing. What makes a good biological drawing? Are there any rules for biological
drawings? In this worksheet, the skills of making biological drawings will be discussed.

A What’s wrong with the drawing?


A student made a biological drawing of the cross section of a stem under microscope. Can you point
out the mistakes in the drawing?

thick-walled cell cortex


pith
xylem
phloem

epidermis

Cross section of the stem of a clover plant

Mistakes in the drawing:


⚫ Drawing lines are not smooth and continuous.

⚫ Some labelling lines cross one another.

⚫ Some labelling lines are not straight.

⚫ Some parts are shaded.

⚫ Magnification is missing in the title.

1
B Skills in making biological drawings
To make a clear and good biological drawing, you should note the following:

⚫ Use a sharp HB pencil. Never use a pen to draw.


⚫ Produce large drawings, occupying about two-third of an A4 paper.
⚫ Draw with smooth single and continuous lines.
⚫ Do not shade structures.
⚫ Draw freehand. Do not use a ruler or a pair of compasses.
⚫ Make sure the drawing resembles the specimen. Do not copy from books.
⚫ Draw all the structures in proportion.
⚫ Label the relevant structures.
- Labelling lines should be straight and whenever possible horizontal.
- Labelling lines should not cross one another.
⚫ Give a title for your drawing, which should include the name of the specimen and the power of
magnification.
⚫ State how the section is cut if you are drawing a cut surface of a specimen, such as longitudinal
section (L.S.) or transverse section (T.S.).

There are two kinds of microscopic biological drawings:

1 Low-power drawings
⚫ They aim to show the distribution and
proportion of different tissues.
Only outlines of structures should be phloem
⚫ cortex

shown. Do not draw individual cells. xylem pith

epidermis

A dicot stem (T.S.) (×10)

2 High-power drawings
⚫ They aim to show the observable companion cell

cellular details, different cell types or


sieve tube cell
cell arrangement.
⚫ Draw individual cells.
vessel element

Vascular tissue in dicot plant root (T.S.) (×400)

2 © Oxford University Press


Skill building pack: Drawing

Example of correct biological drawing

Photomicrograph of a stem of a clover plant (T.S.) (×100)

thick-walled cell
pith
phloem
xylem

epidermis

cortex

A stem of a clover plant (T.S.) (×100)

3 © Oxford University Press


Skill building pack: Drawing

Practice 1
The photomicrograph below shows the transverse section of a leaf of a dicotyledonous plant. Draw
a labelled low-power diagram of the area bounded by the box below.

Photomicrograph of a leaf of a dicotyledonous plant (T.S.) (×100)

upper epidermis
palisade mesophyll

spongy mesophyll
xylem

phloem

lower epidermis

A leaf of a dicotyledonous plant (T.S.) (×100)

4 © Oxford University Press


Skill building pack: Drawing

Practice 2
The photomicrograph below shows the transverse section of a root of a dicotyledonous plant. Draw
a labelled low-power diagram of this root section.

Photomicrograph of a dicot root (T.S.) (×50)

cortex

phloem
xylem
epidermis

A dicot root (T.S.) (×50)

5 © Oxford University Press


Skill building pack: Drawing

Practice 3
The photomicrograph below shows a pair of guard cells on the epidermis of a leaf. Draw a labelled
high-power diagram of these guard cells.

Photomicrograph of guard cells on the epidermis of a leaf (×800)

cell wall
cytoplasm

chloroplast
stoma

Guard cells on the epidermis of a leaf (×800)

6 © Oxford University Press

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