a>b

1
Cdielectric = √
µϵ

Ex , Ez Ey , Ez

Ey Ex

Etangent = 0 Etangent = 0

Ex |y=0 = 0 Ey |x=0 = 0

Ex |y=b = 0 Ey |x=a = 0

Ez |y=0 = 0 Ez |x=0 = 0

Ez |y=b = 0 Ez |x=a = 0

∂ ∂
̸= 0 ̸= 0
∂x ∂y
F (x, y) = X(x)Y (y)
 kc √ √
∵ fc = √ → kc = 2πfc µϵ = ωc µϵ
2π µϵ
p q
√ 2 √ 2 √ p 2
∵ .β = k − kc = (ω µϵ) − (ωc µϵ) = 2π µϵ f − fc2
2 2

s  2
√ fc
→ β = ±ω µϵ 1−
f

s 2
√ fc
→ β = ±jω µϵ −1
f
 dz ω ω Cd
vp = = = r  2 = r  2
dt β fc
ω
Cd 1− f 1 − ffc
s  2
ω fc
s  2
β=
Cd
1−
f

dω 1 fc
vg = = = Cd 1−
dβ dβ/dω f

2π λd
λg = =r  2
β
1 − ffc

2π 2π Cd
λd = = √ =
k ω µϵ f



∇2 + k 2 Ez = 0 → ∇2t + kc2 ez = 0 Hz = 0

 

∂2 ∂2
∇2t + kc 2
ez (x, y) = 2
+ 2 + kc2 ez (x, y) = 0 ,Let: ez (x, y) = X(x)Y (y)
∂x ∂y
 2   2 
∂ ∂2 ∂ X(x)Y (y) ∂ 2
X(x)Y (y)
2
+ 2 + kc2 X(x)Y (y) = 2
+ 2
+ kc2 X(x)Y (y) = 0
∂x ∂y ∂x ∂y

X ′′ (x)Y (y) + X(x)Y ′′ (y) + kc2 X(x)Y (y) = 0 ÷X(x)Y (y)

X ′′ (x) Y ′′ (y) Let: kc2 = kx2 + ky2

+ + kc2 = 0
X(x) Y (y)
X ′′ (x) Y ′′ (y)
+ + kx2 + ky2 = 0
X(x) Y (y)

X ′′ (x) Y ′′ (x)
+ kx2 = 0 ×X(x) + ky2 = 0 ×Y (y)
X(x) Y (x)

∂ 2 X(x) ∂ 2 Y (y)
→ + kx2 X(x) = 0 → 2
+ ky2 Y (y) = 0
∂x 2 ∂y

∴ X(x) = A cos(kx x) + B sin(kx x) ∴ Y (y) = C cos(ky y) + D sin(ky y)

∴ ez (x, y) = [A cos(kx x) + B sin(kx x)] [C cos(ky y) + D sin(ky y)]

ez |x=0 = 0 ez |y=0 = 0 ez |x=a = 0 ez |y=b = 0

ez (0, y) = [A cos(kx 0) + B sin(kx 0)] [C cos(ky y) + D sin(ky y)] = 0

[A] [C cos(ky y) + D sin(ky y)] = 0 ∴A=0

ez (x, 0) = [B sin(kx x)] [C cos(ky 0) + D sin(ky 0)] = 0

[B sin(kx x)] [C] = 0 ∴C=0

ez (a, y) = [B sin(kx a)] [D sin(ky y)] = 0 ez (x, b) = [B sin(kx x)] [D sin(ky b)] = 0

∴B=0 or ∴ sin(kx a) = 0 ∴D=0 or ∴ sin(ky b) = 0

mπ nπ
∴ kx = where m = 1, 2, 3, ... ∴ ky = where n = 1, 2, 3, ...
a b
 mπ 2  nπ 2
∵ kc2 = kx2 + ky2 ∴ kc2 = +
a b
  mπx   nπy 
∴ ez (x, y) = Bmn sin sin
a a



−jβz 



 Ex = −jβmπ B mn cos mπx
sin nπy
e 
 Hx = jωϵnπ
2 b Bmn sin
mπx
cos nπy
e−jβz  


2
kc a a b 

k c a b
ex =
−j
β
∂ez

 
 kc2 ∂x


−jβz


Ey = −jβnπ B mn sin mπx
cos nπy
e Hy = −jωϵmπ
2 B mn cos mπx
sin nπy
e−jβz  


2
kc b a b 

kc a a b
j ∂ez

 
 ey = −β



−jβz 
 kc2 ∂y
Ez = Bmn sin mπx a sin nπy b e Hz = 0
 
j ∂ez
hx = ωϵ
kc2 ∂y

 
−j ∂ez
hy = ωϵ
kc2 ∂x

r  mπ 2  nπ 2
p
β = k 2 − kc2 →β= ω 2 µϵ − −
a b

2π 2π 2
λc = → λcmn = q

=q


kc mπ 2 nπ 2 m 2 n 2
a + b a + b

r
kc 1 mπ 2  nπ 2
fc = √ → fcmn = √ +
2π µϵ 2π µϵ a b

r 
1 π 2  π 2
fc11 = √ +
2π µϵ a b

r !
√  2 pµ

r s
fc
ω µϵ 1− f ϵ  2
β βη µ fc
ZT M = = = √ → ZT M = 1−
ωϵ k ω µϵ ϵ f
 Ez = 0

∴ hz (x, y) = [A cos(kx x) + B sin(kx x)] [C cos(ky y) + D sin(ky y)]

 
−j ∂hz −jωµ
ex = 2
kc
ωµ
∂y → ex = ky [A cos(kx x) + B sin(kx x)] [−C sin(ky y) + D cos(ky y)]
kc2
  jωµ
j ∂hz
ey = 2 ωµ → ey = kx [−A sin(kx x) + B cos(kx x)] [C cos(ky y) + D sin(ky y)]
kc ∂x kc2
 
j ∂hz −jβ
hx = 2
kc
−β
∂x
→ hx = kx [−A sin(kx x) + B cos(kx x)] [C cos(ky y) + D sin(ky y)]
kc2
 
−j ∂hz −jβ
hy = 2
kc
β
∂y
→ hy = ky [A cos(kx x) + B sin(kx x)] [−C sin(ky y) + D cos(ky y)]
kc2

ey |x=0 = 0 ex |y=0 = 0 ey |x=a = 0 ex |y=b = 0

jωµ
ey (0, y) = kx [−A sin(kx 0) + B cos(kx 0)] [C cos(ky y) + D sin(ky y)] = 0
kc2
jωµ
kc2
kx [B] [C cos(ky y) + D sin(ky y)] = 0 ∴B=0

−jωµ
ex (x, 0) = ky [A cos(kx x)] [−C sin(ky 0) + D cos(ky 0)] = 0
kc2
−jωµ
kc2
ky [A cos(kx x)] [−D] = 0 ∴D=0

jωµ −jωµ
ey (a, y) = kx [−A sin(kx a)] [C cos(ky y)] = 0 ex (x, b) = ky [A cos(kx x)] [−C sin(ky b)] = 0
kc2 kc2

∴A=0 or ∴ sin(kx a) = 0 ∴C=0 or ∴ sin(ky b) = 0

mπ nπ
∴ kx = where m = 0, 1, 2, ... ∴ ky = where n = 0, 1, 2, ...
a b
 mπ 2  nπ 2
∵ kc2 = kx2 + ky2 ∴ kc2 = +
a b
  mπx   nπy 
∴ hz (x, y) = Amn cos cos
a a




−jβz
jβmπ mπx nπy
 Ex = jωµnπ A cos mπx
sin nπy
e −jβz 
 H x = A mn sin cos e

 2
kc b mn a b 

2
kc a a b

 





−jβz
Ey = −jωµmπ A sin mπx
cos nπy
e−jβz Hy = jβnπ2 b Amn cos
mπx
sin nπy e
 kc2 a mn a b 

k c a b

 


 


−jβz
 E =0 Hz = Amn cos mπx cos mπy
e
z a a

r  mπ 2  nπ 2
p
β = k 2 − kc2 →β= ω 2 µϵ − −
a b

2π 2π 2
λc = → λcmn = q

=q


kc mπ 2 nπ 2 m 2 n 2
a + b a + b

r
kc 1 mπ 2  nπ 2
fc = √ → fcmn = √ +
2π µϵ 2π µϵ a b

r 
1 π 2 1 C
fc10 = √ = √ = λc10 = 2a
2π µϵ a 2a µϵ 2a

√
pµ
pµ

ωµ kη ω µϵ ϵ
ZT E = = = r ! → ZT E = r ϵ
β β √   2  2
fc fc
ω µϵ 1 − f 1− f

Re (β)

ω
ωc10 ωc20 ωc01 ωc11 ωc21
 r  π 2
π
∴ kc = ∴β= k2 −
a a
 

 Ex = 0  Hx = jβa πx
e−jβz 1 C

 
 π A10 sin a fc10 = √ =

 
 2a µϵ 2a
−jωµa πx

−jβz
Ey = π A10 sin a e Hy = 0

 


 


  πx λc10 = 2a
Ez = 0 Hz = A10 cos a e−jβz

Z Z 
1
Po = Re (Ē × H̄ ∗ ) · âz dxdy
2

(Ex âx + Ey ây ) × (Hx∗ âx + Hy∗ ây )

= (Ey Hx∗ )(ây × âx ) = −(Ey Hx∗ )âz

  πx     πx  
−jωµa −jβa ∗
=− A10 sin e−jβz · A10 sin e +jβz
âz
π a π a

ωµa2 β  
2 2 πx
= |A10 | sin âz
π2 a
(Z Z ) (Z Z )
1 b a
ωµa β 2  πx  1 a 2
ωµa β  πx  b
∴ Po = Re 2
|A10 |2 sin2 dxdy = Re 2
|A10 |2 sin2 dx dy
2 0 0 π a 2 0 π a 0

Z a  πx  Z b
ωµa2 2
= 2
Re(β)|A10 |2 sin dx dy
2π 0 a 0

ωµa3 b
∴ Po = Re(β)|A 10 | 2
4π 2

Z Z
Rs Rs
Pl = |J⃗s |2 dl = |Htang |2 dl
2 2

x=0&y=0
 Hy , Hz Hx , Hz
 

Hy |x=0 = 0 jβa πx
 Hx |y=0 = π A10 sin a e−jβz
 

Hz |x=0 = A10 e−jβz Hz |y=0 = A10 cos πx
e−jβz
a

Z b Z a
2 2

2 2


Pl = Rs |Hy | + |Hz | dy + Rs |Hx | + |Hz | dx
0 0

@x = 0 @y = 0

Z Z !
b   a
jβa  πx  2  πx  2
2
Pl = Rs |0|2 + A10 e−jβz dy +Rs A10 sin e−jβz + A10 cos e−jβz dx
0 0 π a a

Z Z Z !
b a 2 2
β a  πx  a  πx 
2
= Rs |A10 | dy + 2
sin2 dx + cos2 dx
0 0 π a 0 a

   
β 2 a2  a   a  2 β 2 a3 a
= Rs |A10 |
2
b+ 2 + ∴ Pl = Rs |A10 | b+ +
π 2 2 2π 2 2

 
2 β 2 a3 a
Pl Rs |A10 | b + + 2π 2 2
αc = = 3
2Po 2 · ωµa2 b β|A10 |2 4π

 
2π 2 Rs β 2 a3 a
∴ αc = b+ +
ωµa3 bβ 2π 2 2
 r
1 mπ 2  nπ 2
fcmn = √ +
2π µϵ a b

s   2
2
C C C C 1 1
→ fc10 = → fc20 = → fc01 = → fc11 = +
2a a 2b 2 a b

= 0.278C = 0.56C = 0.5C

C C C 5C 5C C C C C
∴ fc10 = ∴ fc20 = ∴ fc01 = ∴ fc10 = ∴ fc20 = ∴ fc01 = ∴ fc10 = ∴ fc20 = ∴ fc01 =
6 3 2 18 9 2 2 1 2
s    √ s √ s  √
2 2 = 0.527C 2  2 = 0.572C
2   2 = 0.707C
C 1 1 C 10 C 1 1 C 106 C 1 1 C 2
∴ fc11 = + = ∴ fc11 = + = ∴ fc11 = + =
2 3 1 6 2 1.8 1 18 2 1 1 2

∴ fc10 < fc20 < fc01 < fc11 ∴ fc10 < fc01 < fc20 < fc11 ∴ fc10 = fc01 < fc11 < fc20

∴ T E10 → T E20 → T E01 → T E11 , T M11 → ... ∴ T E10 → T E01 → T E20 → T E11 , T M11 → ... ∴ T E10 , T E01 → T E11 , T M11 → T E20 → ...