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Channel Models For MIMO: Adaptive Antenna Systems Persa Kyritsi December 16, 2004

This document summarizes a presentation on channel models for MIMO systems. It begins by introducing MIMO fundamentals and transmission techniques, then discusses the need for accurate channel models for both system design and site planning. It describes different types of channel models including deterministic, stochastic, and correlation-based models. The document then focuses on the 802.11n channel model, including developing it from narrowband SISO models to wideband MIMO models. It discusses additional parameters for the 802.11n model like local signal statistics, polarization, Doppler spectrum, and power roll-off law. It concludes by outlining the simulation methodology and limitations of the 802.11n channel model.

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78 views27 pages

Channel Models For MIMO: Adaptive Antenna Systems Persa Kyritsi December 16, 2004

This document summarizes a presentation on channel models for MIMO systems. It begins by introducing MIMO fundamentals and transmission techniques, then discusses the need for accurate channel models for both system design and site planning. It describes different types of channel models including deterministic, stochastic, and correlation-based models. The document then focuses on the 802.11n channel model, including developing it from narrowband SISO models to wideband MIMO models. It discusses additional parameters for the 802.11n model like local signal statistics, polarization, Doppler spectrum, and power roll-off law. It concludes by outlining the simulation methodology and limitations of the 802.11n channel model.

Uploaded by

Jnj Nguyen
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Channel models for MIMO

Adaptive Antenna Systems


Persa Kyritsi
December 16, 2004
What you are going to learn today:
z Fundamentals of MIMO systems
z Transmission techniques for MIMO
z Channel models for MIMO
(details on 802.11n)
z Real MIMO measurements
Power
Capacity
Rate
Why all the hype?
z MIMO advantages
Capacity
Range extension
Diversity
z Original results derived with iid Rayleigh h
ij
z More realistically, we need to characterize
Each link h
ij
Interdependence of links
Why do we need channel models?
z Prediction models for site planning
Site specific
Antenna dependent
Accurate
z Models for system design and algorithm
testing
Site and antenna independent
Tolerance for lower accuracy
Classification of MIMO channel models
MIMO channel models
Deterministic Stochastic
Recorded
impulse
responses
Ray-tracing
technique
Geometrically
based
Parametric
stochastic
Correlation
based
Non-
physical
Physical
Correlation based models
( ) ( ) ( ) k i l j h h
RX TX kl ij
, , , =
Kronecker assumption:
Separability of transmit and receive correlations
| |
( ) | |
( )
N N
M M
vec
RX
TX
iid RX TX vec
T
T
M
T T
vec
M

=
= =
=
:
:
H H
H H H H
H H H
2 1
2 1
2 1
R
R
R R
H
H
L
L
How to calculate the correlations
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

=
=
+ =

d PAS d k d R
d PAS d k d R
d jR d R d
l XY l
l XX l
XY l XX l
IQ
l
sin
, cos
,
,
, ,
z PAS( ): Power Azimuth Spectrum
(how much energy is arriving from where)
z How do the correlations look?
Discussion
z Simple & elegant
z Experimental validation in some environments and
discrediting in others
z Original expression cannot capture the pinhole
effect
z Generalization:
( ) ( ) ( )
2 1 2 1 2 1
TX t s r RX
R H R H R H =
MIMO channels: Wideband
z Narrowband z Wideband
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
l
l
l
l
t t t
t n t t x t y MIMO
t t h t h
t n t t x h t y SISO
=
+ =
=
+ =

H H
H :
:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )

=
=
+ =
=
+ =
1
0
1
0
:
:
L
l
l l
L
l
l l
t t t
t n t x t t y MIMO
t t h t h
t n t x t h t y SISO

H H
H
A specific example: 802.11n
Develop a MIMO channel model for 802.11
channels
z Applicable to
Environments where 802.11 systems are to be
used
Both 2.4GHz and 5GHz bands
z Approach
From narrowband to broadband
From SISO to MIMO
MIMO channels: Narrowband
TRANSMITTERS RECEIVERS
1
2
M
1
2
N
y = Hx + n
x
j
: transmitted signal from tx j
y
i
: received signal on rx i
n
i
: noise on rx i
h
ij
: From tx j to rx i (h
ij
C)
h
11
h
12
h
1M
h
21
h
22
h
2M
h
N1
h
N2
h
NM
I R
2
=
n n
802.11n Channel model
z SISO channel models (Medbo 98):
Tap delay line model for various envts
z MIMO channel models (Erceg et al 03):
Correlation-based model
Clustering in
Time (Saleh-Valenzuela)
Angle (AoA and AoD)
Additional parameters in 802.11n MIMO
channel models
z Local signal statistics (Ricean/ Rayleigh)
z Polarization
z Doppler spectrum
z Power roll-off law
Interdependence of parameters
z ds AS
The distribution is always Laplacian
Value selected to match experimental results
z d More Rayleigh than Ricean
(LOS for d< d
BP
, NLOS for d>d
BP
)
z ds K
Value selected to match experimental results
SISO Channel Models
250ns No
Large open
space
E
140ns YES
Large open
space
D
150ns No
Large open
space
C
100ns No
Large open
space/ Office
B
50ns No Office A
Delay spread LOS Environment Model
MIMO Channel Models
Large open space
Large open space/ Office
Office
Residential/ Small office
Residential
Narrowband
Environment
150ns
LOS(K=6)/
NLOS
F (C)
100ns
LOS(K=6)/
NLOS
E (B)
50ns
LOS(K=3)/
NLOS
D (A)
30ns
LOS(K=0)/
NLOS
C
15ns
LOS(K=0)/
NLOS
B
0ns LOS/NLOS A
Delay spread
Scattering
situation
Model
From SISO to MIMO
SISO channel
(Clustering in time)
0
1 , l

0
3 , l

0
2 , l

1 , l

2 , l

3 , l

MIMO channel
(Clustering in time & angle)
From SISO to MIMO
From SISO to MIMO
From SISO to MIMO
From SISO to MIMO
1 , l

0
1 , l

0
2 , l

2 , l

Tap 4
0
1 , l

0
2 , l

1 , l

2 , l

Tap 5
Additional parameters (I)
d
BP
z Local signal statistics
(LOS for d< d
BP
, NLOS for d>d
BP
)
z Polarization
LOS: 3dB X-pol discrimination
NLOS: 10dB X-pol discrimination
Additional parameters (II)
z Doppler spectrum
Bell shaped
Possibly:
Spike due to moving vehicle
Effect of fluorescent ligths
2
1
1
) (
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
=
d
f
f
A
f S
Additional parameters (III)
z Power roll-off law
Exponential power roll-off
Log normal distribution
Log normal variance depends on
The distance from the TX
The environment
( )
( )
( )

>
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
<
=
BP
BP
BP FS
BP FS
d d
d
d
d L
d d d L
d L
, log 5 . 3
,
10
Simulation methodology
z Define parameters
M, N
Type of environment
Distance from source
z For each tap
Calculate R
Tx
and R
RX
Generate independent samples & filter through R
Tx
and R
RX
Add LOS component if there is such
Filter through Doppler filter
Limitations of the model
z The model can be used
for any array geometry
z Simulation software
free
z Angular parameters are
hard-wired (both for
LOS and scattered
components)
z Change from LOS to
NLOS is more gradual
The reality

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